Theories of Inter-organisational Relations

Abstract

In this chapter, we summarise, contrast and critically appraise the main theories offered in the various literatures which attempt to answer the core questions identified in the introduction. There are a number of traditions represented in these literatures and they each provide rival accounts of ‘networks’. At their most basic, these rivals differ in what they define as a network. For example, strict sociometric accounts allow any system of linkages between nodes to be a network (White, 1981, 2001; Knoke, 1990). Others define a network in ways that specifically exclude certain forms – such as hierarchical relationships – in favour of internally egalitarian relations (Bradach and Eccles, 1989; Powell, 1990). Broadly, the definitions vary in whether links in the network are seen as loose or tight, weak or strong, bounded or unbounded, and formal or informal.