Abstract
One of the key passages in Wordsworth’s 1800 politico-pastoral poem ‘Michael’ marks the point at which the eponymous and taciturn shepherd finally speaks for himself:
Our lot is a hard lot; the sun himself
Has scarcely been more diligent than I;
And I have lived to be a fool at last
To my own family. An evil man
That was, and made an evil choice, if he
Were false to us; and if he were not false,
There are ten thousand to whom loss like this
Had been no sorrow. I forgive him; — but
‘Twere better to be dumb than to talk thus.
(‘Michael’, 233–41)
“Twere better to be dumb than to talk thus’
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Notes
Lionel Trilling, Sincerity and Authenticity: The Charles Eliot Norton Lectures, 1969–1970 (Oxford University Press, 1974), p. 120.
Geoffrey Hartman, Scars of the Spirit: The Struggle against Inauthenticity (Palgrave Macmillan, 2002), p. 1.
Charles Taylor, Sources of the Self (Cambridge University Press, 1989), p. 375.
M. H. Abrams, Natural Supernaturalism: Tradition and Revolution in Romantic Literature (Oxford University Press, 1971).
Theodor Adorno, The Jargon of Authenticity (London: Routledge, 2003), pp. 43.
Jerome J. McGann, The Beauty of Inflections: Literary Investigations in Historical Method and Theory (Oxford University Press, 1985).
Jerome J. McGann, Byron and Romanticism, ed. James Solderholm (Cambridge University Press, 2002), pp. 115.
Bernard Williams, Truth and Truthfulness: An Essay in Genealogy (Princeton University Press, 2002), p. 11.
Michel Foucault, The Order of Things: An Archeology of the Human Sciences (London: Routledge, 2002), p. 359.
Charles Guignon, On Being Authentic (Routledge, 2004), p. 35.
William Godwin, An Enquiry Concerning Political Justice (Dublin, 1793), p. 222.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, A Discourse on the Origins and Foundations of Inequality among Mankind (London, 1761), p. 75.
Dror Wahrman The Making of the Modern Self. Identity and Culture in Eighteenth-Century England (Yale University Press, 2004), p. 186.
Marshall Brown, Preromanticism (Stanford University Press, 1991), pp. 187.
Markman Ellis, The Politics of Sensibility. Race, Gender and Commerce in the Novel (Cambridge University Press, 1996), p. 17.
Henry Mackenzie, The Man of Feeling (W.W. Norton and Co., 1958), p. 92.
See Marilyn Butler, Romantics, Rebels and Reactionaries: English Literature and its Background 1760–1830 (Oxford University Press, 1981), p. 155.
Daniel Defoe, The Fortunate Mistress (London, 1724), p. 407.
See G. A. Starr, Defoe and Spiritual Autobiography (Princeton University Press, 1965).
William Godwin, Caleb Williams, ed. David McCracken (Oxford World’s Classics, 1982), p. 4.
Geoffrey Hartman, Wordsworth’s Poetry 1787–1814 (Yale University Press, 1971), p. 182.
Marjorie Levinson, ‘Introduction’, Rethinking Historicism: Critical Readings in Romantic History (Basil Blackwell, 1989), p. 2.
Paul de Man ‘Autobiography as Defacement’, Modern Language Notes XCIV (1979), p. 923.
Jürgen Habermas, Knowledge and Human Interests (London: Heinemann, 1972), p. 9.
Jürgen Habermas, The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity: Twelve Lectures(The MIT Press, 1987), p. 272.
Fredric Jameson, The Political Unconscious: Narrative as a Socially Symbolic Act (Routledge, 2002), p. 88.
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© 2010 Kerry Sinanan and Tim Milnes
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Sinanan, K., Milnes, T. (2010). Introduction. In: Milnes, T., Sinanan, K. (eds) Romanticism, Sincerity and Authenticity. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230281738_1
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