Abstract
The Republic of Peru, formerly the most important of the Spanish Viceroyalties in South America, issued its declaration of independence July 28, 1821; but it was not till after a war, protracted till 1824, that the country gained its actual freedom from Spanish rule. The Republic is politically divided into departments, and the departments into provinces. The present Constitution, proclaimed October 16, 1856, was revised November 25,1860. The legislative power is vested in a Senate and a House of Representatives, the latter composed of deputies of the provinces, in the proportion of one for every 30,000 inhabitants or fraction exceeding 15,000 and the former of representatives in the proportion of four senators for each department which has more than eight provinces; three for each department which has less than eight provinces and more than four; two for each department which has less than five and more than one; one for a department having only one province; and one for the littoral province of Callao. Senators must have an income of 1,000 soles (100l.) a year, or belong to a scientific profession; and deputies 500 soles (50l.) a year, or belong to a scientific profession. Both senators and deputies are elected by a direct vote. There are 51 senators and 116 deputies, and there are as many suplentes, or substitutes, as there are members in each chamber. Every two years one-third of the members of each chamber, as decided by lot, retire. Congress meets annually on July 28, and sits for 90 days only. It may be summoned as often as necessary, but no extraordinary session may last more than 45 days.
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Statistical and other Books of Reference concerning Peru
1. Official Publications
Boletin del Ministerio de Fomento. Monthly, since January, 1903.
Demarcacion politica del Perú. Edicion oficial de la direecion de estadistica. Fol. Lima, 1874.
Paz Soldan (Mariano Felipe), Diccionario geográfioo-estadistico del Perú: Contiene ademas la etimologia Aymara y Quechua de las principales poblaciones, lagos, rios, cerros, &c. 8. Lima, 1879.
Peru. No. 60 of the Bulletins of the Bureau of the American Republics. Washington. 1892.
Annual Official Statement of the Minister of Finance. Lima.
Registro Official de Fomento. Lima.
Synopsis Geografica y Estadestica del Perú. Lima.
Report by Sir C. Mansfield on the auriferous deposits of Peru. No. 167 of ′Reports on Subjects of General and Commercial Importance.’ 1890.—Mines and Mining in Peru (official publication). 190S.
Reports on the Trade of Peru in Foreign Office Reports, Annual Series. London.
Vias del Pacifico al Marañon, y al Madre de Dios. Lima, 1903.—El Istmo de Fiscarrald Lima, 1903.
2. Non-Official Publications
Albertini (L. E.), Pérou en 1878. Paris, 1878.
Boletin de la Sociedad Geografica de Lima. Half-yearly. Lima.—Boletin del Cuerpo de Ingenieros de Minas del Peru. Lima.
Cisneros (C. B.), and Garcia (R. E.), El Peru en Europa. Lima, 1900.—Geografía Comercial de laAmética del Sur. 3 vols. Lima.—Guia del Callao, Lima y sus Alrededores. Lima, 1898.—Monografia del Departamento de la Liberdad. Lima, 1900.—Monografia geográfica, Estadistica del Departamento de Lima. [The same authors, together or separately, have published several other works on the commerce, products, and industries of Peru.]
Clark (E. B.), Twelve Months in Peru. 8. London, 1891.
Crommelin (May), Over the Andes from Chili to Peru. London, 1895.
Evans (P. F.). From Peru to the Plate. 8. London, 1889.
Fuentes (Manuel A.), Lima, or Sketches of the Capital of Peru: Historical, Statistical, Administrative, Commercial, and Moral. 8. London, 1866.
Grandidier (E.), Voyage dans l’Amérique du Sud, Pérou et Bolivie. 8. Paris, 1863.
Hoënke (T.), Descripcion del Peru. Lima, 1901.
Higginson (E.), Mines and Mining in Peru. Lima, 1903.
Hill (S. S.), Travels in Peru and Mexico. 2 vols. 8. London, 1860.
Hutchinson (T. J.), Two Years in Peru. 2 vols. 8, London, 1874.
Laos (R.), A Handbook of Peru for Investors and Immigrants. Baltimore, 1903.
Markham (C. R.), Travels in Peru and India. London, 1862.—Cuzco and Lima. London, 1858.—Peru. London, 1881.—The War between Peru and Chili, 1879–81. London, 1883.—History of Peru. Chicago.
Maurtua (V. M.), The Question of the Pacific [on boundary disputes]. Philadelphia, 1901.
Mendiburu (M. de), Diccionario Historieo-Biografico del Peru. 8 vols. Callao, 1874–1890.
Middendorf (E. W.), Peru: Beobachtungen und Studien über Das Land und Seine Bewohnern, während eines 25 Jahrigen Aufenthalts. Berlin, 1893.
Ordinaire (Olivier), Du Pacifique à l’Atlantique par les Andes peruviennes et l’Amazone. 12. Paris, 1892.
Paz Soldan (Mariano Felipe), Historia del Perú Independente. 3 vols.
Plane (A.), A travers l’Amérique Equatoriale. Paris, 1903.
Pradier-Fodèrè (C), Lima et ses environs. Paris, 1897.
Prescott (W. H.), History of the Conquest of Peru. London.
Raimondi (A.), El Peru: Estudios Mineralogicos, &c. 4 vols. 1890–1902. Lima.
René-Moreno (G.), Ultimos Dias Coloniales en el Alto Peru, 1807–1808. Santiago de Chile, 1896–98.
Seebee (F.), Travelling Impressions in and Notes on Peru. 2nd ed. London, 1905.
Squier (E. G.), Peru: Incidents of Travels and Exploration in the Land of the Incas London, 1877.
Stevenson ( — ), Twenty Years in South America. 3 vols. London.
Temple (Edmond), Travels in various Parts of Peru. 2 vols. London, 1830.
Tschudi (Joh. Jakob von), Reisen durch Südamerika. 5 vols. 8. Leipzig, 1866–68.
Ursel (Comte C. d’), Sud Amérique: Séjours et voyages au Brésil, en Bolivie, et au Pérou 12. Paris, 1879.
Wappaeus (Joh. Eduard), Die Republic Peru; in Stein’s ‘Handbuch der Geographie und Statistik.’ Part III. 8. Leipzig, 1864.
Wiener (Charles), Pérou et Bolivie. Paris, 1880.
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Keltie, J.S. (1907). Peru. In: Keltie, J.S. (eds) The Statesman’s Year-Book. The Statesman’s Yearbook. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230270367_45
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230270367_45
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