Ecuador

Abstract

The Republic of Ecuador was constituted May 11, 1830, in consequence of a civil war which separated the members of the original Republic of Colombia, founded by Simon Bolivar, by uniting the Presidency of Quito to the Vice-Royalty of New Grenada, and the Captaincy-General of Venezuela, when they threw off the Spanish yoke. A Boundary Treaty which was concluded between Peru and Ecuador on the 2nd of May, 1890, and sanctioned by the Ecuadorian Congress, was subjected to amendment by Peru in 1893, and in 1894 was revoked by the Ecuadorian Congress. Ecuador is also involved in a dispute with the Republic of Colombia respecting certain territories on the left bank of the river Napo. By its Constitution, dating 1884, with modifications in 1887, the executive is vested in a President, elected for the term of four years, while the legislative power is given to a Congress of two Houses; the first consisting of two senators for each province (chosen for four years, one-half retiring every two years), and the second of deputies, on the basis of one deputy for every 30,000 inhabitants, chosen for two years; both elected by adults who can read and write and are Roman Catholics. The Congress meets on the 10th of June of every other year at Quito, the capital and seat of the Government, without being summoned by the Government.