Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Time-Use Surveys in Developing Countries: An Assessment

  • Chapter
Unpaid Work and the Economy

Abstract

It is now widely accepted that unpaid work, both SNA and non-SNA, is an integral part of the economy and society. That is, it is difficult to understand the functioning of an economy or a society comprehensively without understanding the role of unpaid work. Unpaid work is also a key to understanding the dynamics of gender inequalities and an important input to designing of gender-equality policies. It is necessary therefore to estimate the size of paid and unpaid economies and to understand their characteristics, including their interlinkages, in order to understand the functioning of the total economy. Unpaid work, or the work that does not receive direct remuneration, is significant in both developed and developing countries. However it holds special importance in developing countries because one observes significant unpaid work in these countries within the purview of SNA work (for example, work covered under the production boundary of the UN-SNA) as well as non-SNA work (for example, work falling within the general production boundary). As a result, the total size of unpaid work is usually much higher in developing countries compared to that in developed countries. Some of the major concerns of developing countries, such as poverty, low human development, informal labor, gender inequalities and so on, can be understood well only if one understands the nature and characteristics of unpaid work in these economies.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Bibliography

  • Acharya, M. (1997) ‘Time Budget Studies for Measurement of Human Welfare,’ submitted to UNDP for Presentation in the Workshop of Integrating Paid and Unpaid Work into National Policies, Seoul, 28–30 May.

    Google Scholar 

  • Acharya, M. (2003) ‘Time Budget Studies and Its Policy Relevance — The Case of Nepal,’ in Applications of Time Use Statistics (New Delhi: Central Statistical Organization, Government of India).

    Google Scholar 

  • Aguiar, N. (1998) A Mulher na Forca Time Use Survey (Brazil: Federal University of Minas Gerais) Available at www.undp.org

    Google Scholar 

  • Aguiar, N. (1999) ‘Time Use Analysis in Brazil: How Far Will Time Use Studies Have Advanced in Brazil by the Year 2000?,’ paper presented at the Conference at the International Association for Time Use Research, Colchester, 6–8 October.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aguiar, N. (2001) BeloHorizonte Time Use Survey (Brazil: Federal University of Minas Gerais) Available at www.undp.org

    Google Scholar 

  • Aguiar, N. (2005) ‘Time Use and Household Inequality: Behavioural and Perceptual Data,’ paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the International Association for Time Use Research, Halifax, Canada, 2–4 November.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ajayi, O.O. (2000) ‘Conducting the TUS — Nigerian Experience,’ paper prepared for Expert Group Meeting on Time Use Survey, New York, 23–27 October.

    Google Scholar 

  • Akarro, R. (2002) ‘Does Time Use Differentials Contribute to Differences in Poverty Levels in Tanzania? A Case Study of Regions in the Eastern and Northern Zones of Tanzania,’ University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

    Google Scholar 

  • Asi, S. (2000) ‘Report: Palestine Time Use Survey — A Palestinian Example,’ paper presented at the United Nations Expert Group Meeting on Methods of Conducting Time Use Surveys, New York, 23–27 October.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anxinli, An (2008) ‘TUS in China,’ IATUR 30th conference in Sydney, Australia, 4 December.

    Google Scholar 

  • Apps, P. (2002) ‘Gender, Time User and Models of the Household,’ Policy Research Working Paper 3233 (Washington, DC: The World Bank).

    Google Scholar 

  • Arboleda, H. (2001) ‘Time Use Data and Valuation of Unpaid Work,’ unpublished document, ESCAP, Bangkok.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bardasi, E., and Q. Wodon (2000) ‘Measuring Time Poverty and Analyzing Its Determinants: Concepts and Application to Guinea,’ World Bank Economics Bulletin, 10(10), 1–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bayudan, C.G. (2006) ‘Wives time allocation and intra household power: evidence from the Philippines,’ Applied Economics 38(7), 789–804.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bediako, G., and J. Vanek (1998) ‘Trial International Classification of Activities for Time-use Statistics,’ paper presented at the International Conference on Time Use, University of Luneberg, 22–25 April.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bediako, G., and J. Vanek (2000) ‘Trial International Classification of Activities For Time Use Studies,’ in Proceedings of the International Seminar on Time Use Studies (Delhi: Central Statistical Organizations, Government of India).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bittman, M. (2008) ‘Methodological Issues in Conducting Time Use Survey at the Global Level and Emerging Lessons,’ in Mainstreaming Time Use Surveys in National Statistical System in India (New Delhi: Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government of India).

    Google Scholar 

  • Blackden, C.M., and Q. Wodon (2005) ‘Gender, Time Use, and Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa,’ World Bank Working Paper No. 73 (Washington, DC: World Bank).

    Google Scholar 

  • Blanke, K.M. (1993) ‘The With Whom Coding,’ paper presented at the International Association for Time Use Research Conference, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonke, J. (2002) ‘Paid Work and Unpaid Work: Diary Information Versus Questionnaire Information,’ paper presented at the Conference of the International Association for Time Use Research, Lisbon, 16–18 October.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonke, J., and J. Mcintosh (2005) ‘Household Time Allocation — Theoretical and Empirical Results from Denmark,’ Electronic Journal of International Association of Time Use Research (EIJTUR), No. 2 University of Oxford, UK.

    Google Scholar 

  • Budlender, D. (2000a) ‘Major Issues in Developing the South African Time Use Classification,’ Expert Group Meeting on Methods for Conducting TUS, New York, 23–27 October.

    Google Scholar 

  • Budlender, D. (2000b) ‘The Policy Implications of the Time Use Survey in South Africa,’ in Proceedings ofthe International Seminar on Time Use Studies (New Delhi: Central Statistical Organization, Government of India).

    Google Scholar 

  • Budlender, D. (2007) ‘A Critical Review of Selected Time Use Suvreys,’ Gender and Development Paper No. 2 (Geneva: United Nations Research Institute for Social Devlopment, UNRISD).

    Google Scholar 

  • Budlender, D., and D. Bosch (2002) ‘South Africa Child Domestic Workers: A National Report’ (Geneva: ILO and IPEC) May 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  • Budlender, D., and A.L. Brathaug (2002) ‘Calculating the Value of Unpaid Labour: A Discussion Document,’ Working Paper 2002/1 (Pretoria: Statistics South Africa).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bureau of Labour Statistics (2003) American Time Use Survey Activity Lexicon (Washington, DC: BLS). Available at: http://www.bls.gov/tus/lexiconnoex0307.pdf

    Google Scholar 

  • Ceborarev, E. (1984) ‘Timing of Organization of Domestic and Non-domestic Activities of Peasant Women in Latin America (Brazil, Venezuela and Mexico),’ in N. Aguair(ed.), Time Use Analysis in Brazil (Brazil: Federal University of Minas Gerais).

    Google Scholar 

  • Central Statistical Organization (2000) Report ofthe Time Use Survey (New Delhi: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India).

    Google Scholar 

  • Central Statistical Organization (2002) Proceedings of the National Seminar on Applications ofTime Use Statistics (New Delhi: Central Statistical Organization, Government of India).

    Google Scholar 

  • Chakraborty, L. (2008) ‘Statistical Invisibility of Care Economy in India: Evidence from Time Use Data,’ in Mainstreaming Time Use Surveys in National Statistical System in India (New Delhi: Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government of India).

    Google Scholar 

  • Charmes, J. (1999) ‘Results and Lessons of a National Time Use Survey in Benin, and Consequences on Re-estimation of Women’s Participation in the Labour Force and Contribution to GDP,’ paper presented at the Conference of the International Association for Time Use Research, Colchester, 6–8 October.

    Google Scholar 

  • Charmes, J. (2005) ‘A Review of the Empirical Evidence on Time Use in Africa,’ in ‘Gender, Time Use and Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa’, Working Paper 73. (Washington, DC: The World Bank).

    Google Scholar 

  • Charmes, J. and I. Hirway (2006) ‘Estimating and Understanding the Informal Employment through Time Use Studies,’ paper presented at Expert Group on Informal Sector Statistics (Delhi Group), 11–12 May.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collas-Monsod, S. (2008) ‘Integrating Unpaid Work into Macroeconomics Some Indian Experiences,’ in Mainstreaming Time Use Surveys in National Statistical System in India (New Delhi: Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government of India).

    Google Scholar 

  • Corner, L. (2003) ‘Use of Time Use Data for Policy Advocacy and Analysis,’ in Applications of Time Use Statistics (New Delhi: Central Statistical Organization, Government of India).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dedecca, C.S. (2005) ‘On Times and Gender in Brazilian Society,’ paper presented at the Conference of the International Association for Time Use Research, Tours, 18–23 July.

    Google Scholar 

  • Delittman, M. (2000) ‘Issues in the Design of TUS for Collecting Data on Paid and Unpaid Work,’ paper presented at the United Nations, Expert Group Meeting on Methods for Conducting TUS, New York, 23–27 October.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dhital, R. (2000) ‘Time Use Survey in Nepal,’ in Proceedings of the International Seminar on Time Use Studies (New Delhi: Central Statistical Organization, Government of India).

    Google Scholar 

  • Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (2002–2003) Poverty and Inequality from a Gender Perspective (Santiago, Chile: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean-ECLAC).

    Google Scholar 

  • Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (2004) Family Structures, Household Work and Well-being in Latin America (Santiago, Chile: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean-ECLAC).

    Google Scholar 

  • Eivind, H. and A.M. Greenwood (2000) ‘Statistics on Working Time Arrangements: Issues and the Role of Time Use Surveys,’ paper presented at Expert Group Meeting on Methods for Conducting TUS, New York, October 23–27. www.ilo.org.

  • Elson, D. (2000) ‘Progress of the World’s Women, 2000,’ in Biennial Report (New York: United Nations Development Fund for Women).

    Google Scholar 

  • Esim, S. (2000) ‘Impact of Government Budgets on Poverty and Gender Equality,’ paper prepared for the Inter-Agency Workshop on Improving the Effectiveness of Integrating Gender in to Government Budgets Commonwealth Secretariat, Malborough House, (ICRW), London, 26–27 April.

    Google Scholar 

  • Esquivel, V. (2006) ‘What Else Do We Have To Cope With? Gender, Paid and Unpaid Work During Argentina’s Last Crisis,’ Working Paper 06–6 (July) (Salt Lake City, UT: International Working Group on Gender Macroeconomics, and International Economics).

    Google Scholar 

  • Esquivel, V., D. Budlender, N. Folbre and I. Hirway (2008) ‘Explorations: Time Use Surveys in the South,’ Feminist Economics, July, 107–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • EUROSTAT (1999) Proposal for a Satellite Account for Household Production (Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities).

    Google Scholar 

  • EUROSTAT (2000a) Guidelines on Harmonized European Time Use Surveys (Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities).

    Google Scholar 

  • EUROSTAT (2000b) ‘Methodological Guidelines on Harmonized European Time Use Surveys: With Reference to Experiences of the European Time Use Pilot Surveys,’ paper presented at the Expert Group Meeting on Methods for Conducting Time Use-Surveys, New York, 23–27 October, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • EUROSTAT (2003a) ‘Household Production and Consumption Proposal for a Methodology of Household Satellite Accounts,’ Task force report for Eurostat, Unit E1, Working Paper (Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities).

    Google Scholar 

  • EUROSTAT (2003b) ‘Proposal for a Satellite Account of Household Production,’ Working Paper 9/1999/A4/11 (Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, K., J. Gershunu, A. Gauthier and C. Victorino (2000) ‘Exploring New Ground for Using the Multinational Time Use Study,’ paper presented at the International Sociological Association RC33 Conference on Social Science Methodology, Universitat zu Koln, 3–6 October.

    Google Scholar 

  • Floro, M. (1995) ‘Economic restructuring, gender and the allocation of time,’ World Development, 23, 1913–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Galay, K. (2007) ‘Patterns of Time Use and Happiness in Bhutan: Is There a Relationship Between the Two?,’ Working Paper, No. 432. (Chiba, Japan: Institute of Developing Economies, Japan External Trade Organization).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gershuny, J. (2000) Changing Times: Work and Leisure in Postindustrial Society (Oxford: Oxford University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Government of India (1999) Proceedings of the International Seminar on Time Use Studies (New Delhi: Central Statistical Organization, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India).

    Google Scholar 

  • Government of India (2000) ‘Report of the Time Use Survey’ (New Delhi: Central Statistical Organization, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India).

    Google Scholar 

  • Government of India (2008) Report of the International Seminar ‘Towards Main-streaming Time Use Surveys in National Statistical System in India’ (New Delhi: Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government of India and UNDP)

    Google Scholar 

  • Government of Morocco (1999) Women’s Time-use in Morocco, in 1997/98 National Survey on Women’s Time Budge, Volume 2, Directorate of Statistics, Government of Morocco, Kabat, Morocco.

    Google Scholar 

  • Government of Thailand (2008) Gender-Disaggregated Statistics, Office of Women’s Affairs and Family Development, Ministry of Social Development and Human Security, Bangkok.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grosh, M. and P. Glewwe (eds) (2000) Designing Household Survey Questionnaires for Developing Countries: Lessons from Fifteen Years of LSMS Experience (Washington, DC: World Bank).

    Google Scholar 

  • Guerreo, M. (2005) ‘Module One: Collecting Time Use Data,’ in Integrating Unpaid Work into National Policies (New York: United Nations/UN-ESCAP).

    Google Scholar 

  • Guerreo, M. (2008) ‘Presentation on Activity Classification under Time Use Surveys,’ in Report of the International Seminar Towards Mainstreaming Time Use Surveys in the National Statistical System in India (New Delhi: Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government of India).

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, A.S. (1999) ‘Time Use Research: The Roots to the Future,’ in J. Merz and M. Ehling (eds), Time Use: Research, Data and Policy: Contributions from the International Conference on Time Use (Baden-Baden, Germany: FFB-Schriftenreihe Band).

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, A.S. (2000) ‘Time Use,’ in M. Grosh and P. Glewwe (eds), DesigningHousehold Survey Questionnaires for Developing Countries; Lessons from Fifteen Years of LSMS Experience (Washington, DC: World Bank).

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, A.S. (2003) ‘Time Use Research: Past, Present and Future,’ in Applications of Time Use Statistics (New Delhi: Central Statistical Organization, Government of India).

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, A.S. and M.E. Taylor (1999) ‘Activity Settings and Travel Behaviour: A Social Contract Perspective,’ Transportation 27, 53–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hirway, I. (2000a) ‘Conceptual and Methodological Issues of Time Use Studies in India,’ in Proceedings ofthe International Seminar on Time Use Studies (New Delhi: Central Statistical Organization, Government of India).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirway, I. (2000b) ‘Estimating Workforce Using Time Use Results and Its Implications for Employment Policy in India,’ in Proceedings of the International Seminar on Time Use Studies (New Delhi: Central Statistical Organization, Government of India).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirway, I. (2000c) ‘Tabulation and Analysis of the Indian Time Use Survey Data for Improving Measurement of Paid and Unpaid Work,’ paper presented at Expert Group Meeting on Methods for Conducting TUS, New York, 23–27 October.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirway, I. (2002) ‘Gender Approach to the Collection and Use of Data: The Time Allocation Component,’ UNIFEM, Bangkok.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirway, I. (2003) ‘Indian Experience in Time Use Survey,’ in Proceedings of the International Seminar on Application of Time Use Statistics (New Delhi: Central Statistical Organization, Government of India).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirway, I. (2004) ‘Issues in Collection and Analysis of Cross National Time Use data: With Reference to Developing Countries,’ paper presented for Sixth International Conference on Social Science Methodology: Recent Developments and Application in Social Science Methodology, Amsterdam, 16–20 August.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirway, I. (2007) ‘Implications of Time Use Patterns for Public Employment Guarantee Programmes in Global South,’ Stock Taking Paper March–April. Prepared for The Levy Economics Institute of Bard College.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirway, I. (2008a) ‘Conceptual and Methodological Issues in Conducting Time Use Surveys in Developing Countries,’ in Mainstreaming Time Use Surveys in National Statistical System in India (New Delhi: Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government of India).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirway, I. (2008b) ‘Multiple Uses of Time Use Statistics in Developing Countries,’ in Mainstreaming Time Use Surveys in National Statistical System in India (New Delhi: Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government of India).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirway, I. (2009) ‘ Mainstreaming Time Use Surveys in the National Statistical System in India,’ Economic and Political Weekly XLIV(12).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirway, I. and J. Charmes (2008) ‘Estimating and Understanding Informal Employment, Through Time Use Studies,’ in Mainstreaming Time Use Surveys in National Statistical System in India (New Delhi: Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government of India).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirway, I. and Sunny Jose (2010) ‘Understanding Women’s SNA Work Using Time-Use Statistics: The Case of India,’ Feminist Economics, Forthcoming.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirway, I., and R.N. Pandey (2000) ‘Gender Issues in the Measurement of Paid and Unpaid Work,’ paper for the Expert Group Meeting on Time Use Survey, New York, 23–27 October.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirway, I., M.R. Saluja and Bhupesh Yadav (2009) ‘Assessing Impact of NREGA Works in a Village Based on SAM,’ in The National Rural employment Guarantee Act: Design, Process and Impact (New Delhi: Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hook, J. (2005) ‘The Difference a State Makes: Women’s Allocation of Unpaid Work in the 50 States,’ Poster Session at the American Time Use Survey Early Results Conference, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunter, D. (2008) ‘International Labour Statistics and Their Place in Defining the Scope, Content and Overall Framework for Social Statistics,’ Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations Expert Group Meeting on The Scope and Content of Social Statistics, 9–12 September.

    Google Scholar 

  • ICATUS (2003) ‘Background Paper on the Trial International Classification of Activities for Time-Use Statistics,’ paper prepared for the Expert Group Meeting on International Economic and Social Classifications, New York, NY, 8–10 December.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ilahi, N. (2000) ‘The Intra-household allocation of time and tasks: what have we learned from the empirical literature?,’ Policy Research Report on Gender and Development, WP Series, No. 13 (Washington, DC: World Bank).

    Google Scholar 

  • INSTRAW (1995) Time Use Pilot Survey for the Measurement and Evaluation of Work: Paid and Unpaid: Guidelines for Interviewers, Advancement of Women, International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women, Sante Domingo. Dominican Republic, DominicanRep/sourcedom95d.pdf.http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sconcerns/tuse/

  • INSTRAW (1997) ‘Measurement of Women and Men’s Contribution To Development Through Time-Use: The Case Of Dominican Republic.’

    Google Scholar 

  • Ironmonger, D. (2008) ‘Multiple Uses of Time Use Statistics in Developed Countries,’ in Mainstreaming Time Use Surveys in National Statistical System in India (New Delhi: Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government of India).

    Google Scholar 

  • Judd, K., M. Durano, and H. Cueva-Beteta (2006) ‘UNIFEM’s Role As a User of Statistics,’ Inter-Agency and Expert Group Meeting on the Development of Gender Statistics, United Nations, New York, 12–14 December.

    Google Scholar 

  • Juster, F.T. (1985) ‘The Validity and Quality of Time Use Estimates Obtained from Recall Diaries,’ in F.T. Juster and F.P. Stafford (eds), Time Goods and Well Being (Ann Arbor, MI: Institute for Social Research, Survey Research Center, University of Michigan).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kalton, G. (1985) ‘Sample Design Issues in Time Diary Studies,’ in F.T. Juster and F.P. Stafford (eds), Time, Goods and Well-Being (Ann Arbor, MI: Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kan, M.Y. (2006) ‘Measuring Housework Participation: The Gap between “Stylized” Questionnaire Estimates and Diary-based Estimates,’ Working Paper 2006–11 (Essex, UK: Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kes, A. and H. Swaminathan (2005) ‘Gender, Time Use, and Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa,’ in Gender, Time Use and Poverty is Sub-Saharan (Washington, DC: IBRD).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kitterod, R.H. and T.H. Lyngstad (2005) ‘Diary vs. Questionnaire Information on Time Spent on Housework: The Case of Norway,’ Electronic International Journal of Time Use Research 2. Available at: www.eijtur.org

  • Latigo, A. (2003) ‘Pro-Poor Growth Strategies in Africa: A Proposed Easy Reference Guide (ERG) to Engender National Accounts and National Budget,’ paper presented at Expert Group Meeting, Kampala, Uganda, 23–24 June.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lloyd, C.B., M. Grant and A. Ritchie (2008) ‘Gender Differences in Time Use Among Adolescents in Developing Countries: Implications of Rising School Enrollment Rates,’ Journal of Research on Adolescence 18(1), 99–120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lopreite, C.D. (2005) ‘Gender and path-shifting changes in “hybrid” welfare regime: Argentina in comparative perspective,’ paper submitted to RC-19 Annual Meeting, Chicago, 8–10 September.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maitra, Pushkar and Ranjan Ray (2006) ‘Is There a Gender Bias in the Household’s Time Allocation In a Developing Country? The Indian Experience,’ Department of Economics, Monash University, Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meinzen-Dick, R., L. Pandolfelli, S. Dohrn, and J. Athens (2005) ‘Gender and Collective Action: A Conceptual Framework for Analysis,’ International Research Workshop on Gender and Collective Action, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 17–21 October.

    Google Scholar 

  • Motiram, S. and L. Osberg (2008) ‘Demand or Supply for Schooling in Rural India?,’ in Mainstreaming Time Use Surveys in National Statistical System in India (New Delhi: Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government of India).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mpetsheni, Y. and D. Budlender (2000) ‘Country Report: South Africa Time Use Survey 2000,’ paper prepared for Expert Group Meeting on Time Use Survey, New York, 23–27 October.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mrkic, S. (2006) Report on Time-Use Statistics in the Context of Social Statistics, Time Use Paper (New York: UNSD).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mussa, A.S. (2003) ‘Probing Time Use by Gender on Socio-Economic Activities,’ mimeo. University of Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nath, S.K. (2003) ‘Valuation of Unpaid Household Work and Community Services Using Time Use Statistics,’ in Applications of Time Use Statistics (New Delhi: Central Statistical Organization, Government of India).

    Google Scholar 

  • Noov, Y. (2000) ‘Country Report: Mongolia: Time Use Survey 2000,’ paper prepared for the Expert Group Meeting On Time Use Survey, New York, 23–27 October.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ongley, P. (2001) ‘Gender and Unpaid Work: Findings from the Time Use Survey,’ available at www.stats.govt.nz.

  • Pandey, R.N. (2000a) ‘Operational Issues in Conducting the Pilot Time Use Survey in India,’ in Proceedings of the International Seminar on Time Use Studies (New Delhi: Central Statistical Organization, Government of India).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pandey, R.N. (2000b) ‘Sampling Issues in Time Use Survey-Indian Experience,’ paper prepared for Expert Group Meeting on Time Use Survey, New York, 23–27 October.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pandey, R.N. (2008) ‘Lessons from the Pilot Mainstreaming Time Use Survey: Surveys in India,’ in Mainstreaming Time Use Surveys in National Statistical System in India (New Delhi: Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government of India).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pandey, R.N. and I. Hirway (2000) ‘Conducting the Time Use Surveys — Indian Experience,’ paper prepared by for the Expert Group Meeting on Conducting TUS, New York, 23–27 October.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paton, D. (2000) ‘Collecting Time-Use Data, Including Context Variables and Simultaneous Activities, at Statistics Canada,’ paper prepared for Expert Group Meeting on Time Use Survey, New York, 23–27 October.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patricia, M.C. (2000) ‘Country Report: Mexico,’ paper prepared for Expert Group Meeting on Time Use Survey, New York, 23–27 October.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rastogi, P. (2008) ‘Rural Child Work, Labour and Daily Practices: Time Use Survey Based Analysis,’ in Mainstreaming Time Use Surveys in National Statistical System in India (New Delhi: Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government of India).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rego, C. and M. Sicat (2005) ‘Asia-Pacific Millennium Development Goals AP-MDG-Social Community of Practice: Understanding the Female Face of Poverty,’ UNESCAP.

    Google Scholar 

  • Report of the Secretary General (2001) ‘Progress of a project on gender issues in the measurement of paid and unpaid work,’ Statistical Commission, Thirty-second Session, 6–9, March.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, J. (1985) ‘The validity and reliability of diaries versus alternative time use measures,’ in F.T. Juster and F.P. Stafford (eds), Time, Goods and Well-Being (Ann Arbor, MI: Institute for Social Research, Survey Research Center, University of Michigan).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruger, Y. and J. Varjonen (2008) ‘Value of Household Production in Finland and Germany: Analysis and Recalculation of the Household Satellite Account System in Both Countries,’ Working Paper 112 (Helsinki: National Consumer Research Center).

    Google Scholar 

  • Saha, V. (2003) ‘Estimation of Workforce Using Time Use Statistics,’ in Applications of Time Use Statistics (New Delhi: Central Statistical Organization, Government of India).

    Google Scholar 

  • Szalai, A. (1972) ‘The Use of Time: Daily Activities of Urban and Suburban Populations in Twelve Countries’ as referenced in Guide to Producing Statistics on Time Use: Measuring Paid and Unpaid Work (New York: The United Nations/UNSD).

    Google Scholar 

  • Srdjan, M. (2000) ‘Time Use Statistics in the Context of Social Statistics,’ Website of UN Statistical Division, UN, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strobel, F. and S. Beavers (2008) ‘E-Discussion on Unpaid Work, Gender and the Care Economy — Phase 2: Data, Analysis, and Methodology,’ ILO Regional Office, Arab States, as presented on UNDP Website, UN, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Su-hao, T. (2000) ‘Measuring Farm Women’s Time Spent on Unpaid Work: Diary versus Stylized Estimates’ EJTUR, IATUR Website.

    Google Scholar 

  • TUIDC (2008) ‘Time Use in Developing Countries (TUIDC) Workshop,’ International Association for Time Use Research Australian Time Use Research Group, 4 December.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations (2003) Integrating Unpaid Work into National Policies, Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific (UN-ESCAP) (New York: United Nations Publications).

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations (2005) Guide to Producing Statistics on Time Use: Measuring Paid and Unpaid Work (New York: United Nations Publications).

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) (1999) Project Document on Gender Equality in the Asia-Pacific Region, UN-ESCAP, Bangkok.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) (2007) The Political and Social Economy of Care in a Development Context: Conceptual Issues, Research Questions and Policy Options (Geneva: UNRISD)

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD) (1999) ‘Towards International Guidelines in Time Use Surveys: Objectives and Methods of National Time Use Surveys in Developing Countries,’ paper presented at the International Seminar on Time Use Studies, United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Ahmedabad, 7–10 December.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD) (2000) ‘International Classification of Activities for Time Use Statistics,’ paper prepared for Expert Group Meeting on Methods for Conducting TUS, New York, 23–27 October.

    Google Scholar 

  • Väisänen, P. (2004) ‘Guidelines on Harmonized European Time Use Surveys, Annex I Directions for the Survey Forms,’ EUROSTAT Working Paper, Luxembourg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Varojen, J. and K. Aalto (2006) Household Production and Consumption in Finland, 2001 (Helsinki: National Consumer Research Center).

    Google Scholar 

  • Varojen, J. and K. Aalto (2007) ‘Combining time and money for family well-being-life cycle perspective,’ Proceedings of the Nordic Consumer Policy Research Conference 2007, Helsinki, Finland.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Bank (1996) ‘A Manual for Planning and Implementing the Living Standards Measurement Study Survey,’ Working Paper No. 126, The World Bank, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yung, K.C. (1995) ‘The World’s Women, 1995: Trends and Statistics, Social Statistics and Indicators,’ No. 12, UNIFEM, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yung, K.C. (1996) Report of the Fourth World Conference on Women (New York: World Bank).

    Google Scholar 

  • Yung, K.C. (1997) ‘Concept Paper’, presented at the Expert Group Meeting on the Trial International Classification of Activities for Time Use Statistics, 11 November.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yung, K.C. (2000) ‘Report of the Expert Group Meeting on Methods for Conducting Time Use Surveys,’ paper prepared for Expert Group Meeting on Time Use Survey, New York, 23–27 October.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yung, K.C. (2001) ‘Changes in Korean People’s Use of Time during 1981–2000’, paper presented at International Association of Time Use Research (IATUR) 2001 Conference, Oslo, Norway, 3–5 October.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Indira Hirway
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. ‘Gender Equality and the Economy’, The Levy Economics Institute of Bard College, USA

    Rania Antonopoulos (Research Scholar and the Director) (Research Scholar and the Director)

  2. Center for Development Alternatives, India

    Indira Hirway (Director) (Director)

Copyright information

© 2010 Indira Hirway

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hirway, I. (2010). Time-Use Surveys in Developing Countries: An Assessment. In: Antonopoulos, R., Hirway, I. (eds) Unpaid Work and the Economy. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230250550_11

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation