Abstract
Police (continuation). ∼-, Delamare. The town as sitefor the development ofpolice. Police and urban regulation. Urbankation of the territory. Relationship between police and the mercantilistproblematic. ∼ Emergence of the market town. ∼ Methods ofpolice. Difference between police andjustice. An essentially regulatory type ofpower. Regulation and discipline.∼ Return to the problem ofgrain. ∼, Criticism of the police state on the basis of the problem of scarcity. The theses of the economistes concerning the price ofgrain, population, and the role of the state. ∼ Birth of a new governmentality. Governmentality of the politiques and governmentality of the economistes. The transformations of raison d’Etat: (1) the naturalness of society; (2) new relationships between power and knowledge; β) taking charge of the population (public hygiene, demography, etc.); (y) newforms of state intervention; (5) the status of liberly. ∼ Elements of the new art ofgovernment: economic practice, management of the population, law and respectfor liberties, police with a repressivefunction. Dfferentforms of counter-conduct relative to this govemmentalily. ∼ General conclusion.
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Footnotes
Nicolas Delamare, Traité de la pol ice.The work is made up of three volumes published in Paris by J. and P. Cot in 1705 (volume 1), then by P. Cot in 1710 (volume 2) and M. Brunet in 1719 (volume 3). A fourth volume, by A.-L. Lecler du Brillet, a student of Delamare, completed the set five years after the death of the author: Continuation du Traité de la police. De la voirie, de tout ce qui en dépend ou qui y a quelque rapport (Paris: J.-F. Hérissant, 1738). An enlarged edition of the first two volumes was published by M. Brunet in 1722. A fraudulent edition of the four volumes, a so-called second edition, appeared in Amsterdam, “at the cost of the Company,” in 1729–1739 (see P.-M. Bondois, “Le Commissaire N. Delamare et le Traité de la pol ice” p. 322, note 3). The first volume contains the first four books: 1. “Of Police in general, and its magistrates and officers”; 2. “Of religion”; 3. “Of morals (mœurs)”; 4.“Of health.” The second volume contains the first 23 headings of Book 5, “Of provisions (vivres).” The third volume contains the rest of Book 5, and the fourth volume contains Book 6, “Of highways (la voirie).” The work remained unfinished, and only a part, scarcely one half of Delamare’s program, was given definitive form. The books lacking are those that should have dealt with the safety of towns and highways, the sciences and liberal arts, commerce, manufacture, servants, domestics and laborers, and the poor.
See Edmé de La Poix de Fréminville, Dictionnaire ou Traité de la police générale des villes, bourgs, paroisses et seigneuries de la campagne (Paris: Gissey, 1758; reprinted Nîmes: Praxis, 1989), a compendium of police regulations presented under headings in alphabetical order; Du Chesne (lieutenant of police at Vitry-en-Champagne), Code de la pol ice, ou Analyse des règlemens de pol ice (Paris: Prault, 1757, 4th edn., 1768); J.-A. Sallé, L’Esprit des ordonnances et des principaux édits déclarations de Louis XV, en matière civile, criminelle et beneficiale (Paris: Bailly, 1771), Nicolas Des Essarts, Dictionnaire universel de pol ice (Paris: Moutard, 1786–1791) in eight volumes, which, according to P.-M. Bondois, “Le Commissaire N. Delamare,” p. 318, note 1, “completely plundered” the Traité de la pol ice.
Traité de la pol ice: “(…) whereas the Greeks proposed the conservation of natural life as the first object of their Police, we have placed these cares after those that can make life good, and that we, like they, divide into two points: Religion and Morals.” See ibid., p. 3: “The first legislators of the famous [Greek] republics, considering life to be the basis of every other good that is the object of police, and considering life itself, if not accompanied by a good and wise conduct, and by all the external aids necessary for it, to be only a very imperfect good, divided all of police into these three parts, the preservation, the goodness, and the pleasures of life.”
See, for example, Charles Loyseau, Traité des seig neuries (Paris: L’Angelier, 1608, 4thenlarged edn., 1613), which, in the manuscript pages on police to which I have already referred (see above, lecture of 29 March 1978, note 2),Foucault cites on the basis of Delamare’s Traité de la police, Book 1, section 1, p. 2: “It is a right, says this learned jurisconsult, without any application on the part of anyone, and in the sole interest of the public good, to enact regulations that commit and bind all the citizens of a town for their common good and utility. And I add that the power of the magistrate of police is close to and has much more of the nature of the power of the Prince than of the Judge, who is only entitled to pronounce between a Claimant and Defender.”
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Senellart, M., Ewald, F., Fontana, A. (2009). 5 April 1978. In: Senellart, M., Ewald, F., Fontana, A. (eds) Security, Territory, Population. Michel Foucault. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230245075_13
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