Abstract
At Tehran and Cairo, Winston Churchill disclaimed British support for Turkey at the Straits, a result of Turkish refusal to enter the war on the Allied side. Churchill had expressed similar sentiments throughout 1943, but never to the Soviet leadership, or in such vitriolic terms. Apparent British willingness to revise the Straits regime coincided with the revival of Soviet interest in such a revision, stated at Tehran.
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Notes
Winston Churchill to Lady Randolph Churchill, 6 April 1897, cited in Randolph S Churchill, Winston S Churchill, vol. I, Youth (London: Heinemann, 1966), pp. 316–18.
David J Alvarez, Bureaucracy & Cold War Diplomacy: The United States & Turkey, 1943–46 (Thessaloniki: Institute for Balkan Studies, 1980), pp. 41–4.
Vladislav Zubok and Constantine Pleshakov, Inside the Kremlin’s Cold War — From Stalin to Khrushchev (London: Harvard UP, 1996), p. 91.
Süleyman Seydi, ‘Making a Cold War in the Near East: Turkey & the origins of the Cold War, 1945–47,’ Diplomacy & Statecraft 17:1 (2006), p. 117.
Albert Resis, ed. MolotovRemembers (Chicago: IR Dee, 1993), p. 73.
Nikita Khrushchev, Khrushchev Remembers, vol. 2, Strobe Talbott, ed. (London: André Deutsch, 1974), pp. 295–6.
On this episode, see also Nicholas Tamkin, ‘Diplomatic Sigint and the British Official Mind During the Second World War: Soviet Claims on Turkey, 1940–1945,’ Intelligence & National Security 23:6 (2008), pp. 749–66.
Nazi-Soviet Relations 1939–41 — Documents from the Archives of the German Foreign Office, RJ Sontag and JS Beddie, eds (Washington DC: Department of State, 1948), preface. Eduard Mark, ‘The War Scare of 1946 & Its Consequences,’ Diplomatic History 21 (1997), p. 389
Julian Lewis, Changing Direction: British Military Planning for Post-War Strategic Defence, 1942–47, 2nd edition (London: Frank Cass, 2003), pp. lvi–lvii.
John Keegan, ed. Times Atlas of the Second World War (London: Times Books, 1989), p. 78.
Michael Blackwell, Clinging to Grandeur — British Attitudes and Foreign Policy in the Aftermath of the Second World War (London: Greenwood, 1993), pp. 68–9.
On Attlee’s subsequent attempt to achieve a radical revision of British policy in the Middle East, thwarted by the combined opposition of Ernest Bevin, the Foreign Office and the Chiefs of Staff, see Raymond Smith and John Zametica, ‘Clement Attlee — The Cold Warrior Reconsidered,’ International Affairs 61 (1985), pp. 237–52.
Ekavi Athanassopoulou, Turkey — Anglo-American Security Interests, 1945–52 (London: Frank Cass, 1999), p. 171.
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© 2009 Nicholas Tamkin
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Tamkin, N. (2009). Russia, the Caucasus and the Straits, October 1944 to July 1945. In: Britain, Turkey and the Soviet Union, 1940–45. Studies in Military and Strategic History. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230244504_10
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230244504_10
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