Abstract
Since the Industrial Revolution a succession of countries has achieved a rapid increase in the living standards of their people.1 Britain was the front-runner in this takeoff. Over the past two centuries it has steadily developed its society and economy, although it took a long time before the Industrial Revolution bestowed its fruits onto the ordinary British citizen. In the mid 1840s Engels (1845) eloquently described the destitution of the working class and how people struggled to make a living in poverty. Even the United States, now a superpower, was a low-income country at that time.2 Its citizens began to work their way out of poverty in the midst of the Civil War, the emancipation of the slaves, and the steady migration to the West.
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Yamagata, T., Shiraishi, T. (2009). Poverty Reduction and Beyond: How Far toward the Goals?. In: Shiraishi, T., Yamagata, T., Yusuf, S. (eds) Poverty Reduction and Beyond. IDE-JETRO. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230236929_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230236929_1
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