Abstract
Nature mattered during the ‘dark years’ in numerous ways. Over-exploited forests, fatal mountaineering expeditions, displaced flamingos, reforestation schemes, embattled nature preservationists, evocations of ‘natural fortress’ imagery and ‘rebellious’ maquis vegetation all point to the diversity of the war’s environmental history and its aftermath. The environment was an unpredictable site of combat, a source of desperately needed natural resources and a place in which to (re)create political and social identities. Nature was a central component of the conflict, both materially and culturally.
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Notes
Simon Kitson, Vichy et la chasse aux espions nazis 1940–1942: complexités de la politique de collaboration (Paris: Autrement, 2005), 5.
A. Feuillée-Billot, ‘Quelques observations sur les oiseaux pendant la guerre,’ Société nationale d’acclimatation: conferences (1943), 166–7. On nature protection in Nazi Germany, see Brüggemeier et al., How Green Were the Nazis? and Uekoetter, Green and the Brown.
Mikhail Gorbachev founded Green Cross International in 1993. Its mission statement can be accessed at www.greencrossinternational.net/Green CrossFamily/index.htm. A memorial to animals in war has recently been erected on Park Lane, London. For English Heritage and cold war landscapes, see Wayne D. Cocroft and Roger J. C. Thomas, Cold War: Building for Nuclear Confrontation 1946–1989 (Swindon: English Heritage, 2003);
and John Schofield ed., Monuments of War: The Evaluation, Recording and Management of Twentieth Century Military Sites (London: English Heritage, 1998).
Mervyn Richardson ed., The Effect of War on the Environment: Croatia (London: E & FN Spon, 1995); Survivre et revivre: guerre et destruction de l’environnement en Croatie, 1991 (La Possonière: Environnement sans frontière, 1994); and Vadort, Guerres et environnement.
For the built environment, see Robert Bevan, The Destruction of Memory: Architecture at War (London: Reaktion Books, 2006).
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© 2008 Chris Pearson
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Pearson, C. (2008). Conclusion. In: Scarred Landscapes. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230228733_8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230228733_8
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