Abstract
World War II took an unprecedented toll on mankind. More than 60 million people died in the war. About 416,800 American, 382,700 English, 5,533,000 German, and 2,120,000 Japanese military personnel died in action. About 1,700 American, 67,100 English, 840,000 to 2,800,000 German, and 580,000 Japanese civilians were killed during the war. Further, over 67 1,000 American, 476,000 English, 4,000,000 German, and 4,616,000 Japanese in the military were injured during the war.1
Man, when perfected, is the best of animals, but when separated from law and justice, he is the worst of all.
—Aristotle (384 B.C.–322 B.C.)
The most destructive animal of all, man.
—George Adamson (1906–1989), My Pride and Joy
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Notes
Peter Young, ed., World Almanac Book of World War II (New York: World Almanac Publications, 1981);
Akiyama Masami, Dōbutsuen no shōwa-shi (Shōwa-era History of Zoos) (Tokyo: Dēta-hausu, 1995), 288.
George Adamson, A Lifetime with Lions (Bwana Game) (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1968), 14;
Vernon N. Kisling Jr., “Preface,” in Kisling, ed., Zoo and Aquarium History: Ancient Collections to Zoological Gardens (London: CRC Press, 2001), unnumbered, fifth page of preface.
Koga Tadamichi, Dōbutsu eno aijō (Affection for Animals) (Tokyo: Tsukudo-shobō, 1957), 78.
Komori Atsushi, Mō hitotsu no Ueno dōbutsuen-shi (Another History of Ueno Zoo) (Tokyo: Maruzen, 1997), 61–62.
Takizawa Akio, Kyoto Okazaki dōbutsuen no kiroku (Record of Kyoto Okazaki Zoo) (Kyoto: Rakuhōdō, 1986), 85–86.
Ōdachi Shigeo denki-kankōkai, ed., Ōdachi Shigeo (Ōdachi Shigeo, Vol. 1, hereafter) (Tokyo: Ōdachi Shigeo denki-kankōkai, 1956), 3–4, 521.
Ibid., 3–4, 276–24, 521; Ōdachi Shigeo denki-kankōkai, ed., Tsuisō no Ōdachi Shigeo (Remembering Ōdachi Shigeo, Vol. 2, hereafter) (Tokyo: Ōdachi Shigeo denki-kankōkai, 1956), 137, 171, 209–10.
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© 2010 Mayumi Itoh
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Itoh, M. (2010). Conclusion: Assessment of Japanese Wartime Zoo Policy. In: Japanese Wartime Zoo Policy. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230117440_10
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230117440_10
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