Hilarie M. Sheets, “Cut It Out!” ARTnews 101 (2002), http://artnews.com/issues/article.asp?art_id=1097 (accessed July 16, 2009).
Google Scholar
Kara Walker lecture at The Renaissance Society at the University of Chicago, during the exhibit “Presenting Negro Scenes Drawn Upon My Passage Through the South and Reconfigured for the Benefit of Enlightened Audiences Wherever Such May Be Found, By Myself, Missus K. E. B. Walker, Colored,” shown January 12-February 23, 1997.
Google Scholar
Juliette Bowles, “Extreme Times Call for Extreme Heroes,“ International Review of African American Art 14 (1997) 2–16
Google Scholar
Christine Temin, “Recasting Racism or Renewing It?” Boston Globe, March 13, 1998, Living and Arts section.
Google Scholar
Sylvester A. Johnson, “The Bible, Slavery, and the Problem of Authority,” in this volume; Stephen R. Haynes, Noah’s Curse: The Biblical Justification of American Slavery (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002). An influential exposition of this defense of slavery is Josiah Priest, Slavery, as It Relates to the Negro, Or African Race (1843; reprint, New York: Arno, 1977).
Google Scholar
Darlene Clark Hine, “Rape and the Inner Lives of Black Women in the Middle West: Preliminary Thoughts on the Culture of Dissemblance,” Signs 14 (1989) 912–920.
CrossRef
Google Scholar
Rennie Simson, “The Afro-Female: The Historical Context of the Construction of Sexual Identity,” in Powers of Desire: The Politics of Sexuality, ed. Ann Snitow, Christine Stansell, and Sharon Thompson (New York: Monthly Review, 1983) 229–235.
Google Scholar
Harriet A[nn] Jacobs, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, ed. L[ydia] Maria Child (1861; reprint, New York: Simon & Schuster, 2009. Citation is to 1861 edition); and Henry Louis Gates, “To Be Raped, Bred, or Abused,” New York Times, November 22, 1987, Book Review section.
Google Scholar
Henry Louis Gates, “To Be Raped, Bred, or Abused,” New York Times, November 22, 1987, Book Review section.
Google Scholar
Wilma King, “‘He Said He Would Give Us Some Flowers’: Sexual Violations, Girls, and the Law in the Antebellum South” (paper presented at “Beyond Slavery: Overcoming Its Religious and Sexual Legacy,” a conference convened by the Feminist Sexual Ethics Project at Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, October 15–16, 2006); and Nell Irvin Painter, Soul Murder and Slavery (Waco, TX: Baylor University Press, 1995) 16.
Google Scholar
Dorothy Roberts, Killing the Black Body: Race, Re-production, and the Meaning of Liberty (New York: Pantheon, 1997) 31.
Google Scholar
King, “Sexual Violations, Girls, and the Law”; Darlene Clark Hine, “For Pleasure, Profit, and Power: The Sexual Exploitation of Black Women, or Anita Hill and Clarence Thomas in Historical Perspective,” in Speak Truth to Power: Black Professional Class in United States History (New York: Carlson, 1996) 83–93
Google Scholar
Harriet C. Frazier, Slavery and Crime in Missouri, 1773–1865 (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2001).
Google Scholar
Deborah Gray White, Ar’n’t I a Woman? Female Slaves in the Plantation South (New York: Norton, 1985) 32.
Google Scholar
Patricia Hill Collins, Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment (Boston: Unwin Hyman, 1990).
Google Scholar
Patricia Hill Collins, Black Sexual Politics: African Americans, Gender, and the New Racism (New York: Routledge, 2004) 65.
CrossRef
Google Scholar
Gerda Lerner, “KKK Terror During Reconstruction,” in Black Women in White America: A Documentary History (New York: Pantheon 1972; Vintage, 1973. Citations are to Vintage edition.) 180f; and Hannah Rosen, “‘Not that Sort of Women’: Race, Gender, and Sexual Violence During the Memphis Riot of 1866,” chap. 13 in Sex, Love, Race: Crossing Boundaries in North American History, ed. Martha Hodes (New York: New York University Press, 1999) 267–293.
Google Scholar
Hannah Rosen, “‘Not that Sort of Women’: Race, Gender, and Sexual Violence During the Memphis Riot of 1866,” chap. 13 in Sex, Love, Race: Crossing Boundaries in North American History, ed. Martha Hodes (New York: New York University Press, 1999) 267–293.
Google Scholar
Angela Harris, “Race and Essentialism in Feminist Legal Theory,” Stanford Law Review 42 (1990) 581–616; and Kimberlé Crenshaw, “Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence Against Women of Color,” Stanford Law Review 43 (1991) 1241–1299.
CrossRef
Google Scholar
Kimberlé Crenshaw, “Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence Against Women of Color,” Stanford Law Review 43 (1991) 1241–1299.
CrossRef
Google Scholar
E. Frances White, Dark Continent of Our Bodies: Black Feminism and the Politics of Respectability (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2001) 157.
Google Scholar
Erlene Stetson, “Studying Slavery: Some Literary and Pedagogical Considerations on the Black Female Slave,” Chapter 8 in All the Women are White, All the Blacks Are Men, But Some of Us Are Brave, ed. Gloria T. Hull, Patricia Bell Scott, and Barbara Smith (New York: Feminist Press, 1982) 73.
Google Scholar
Mae C. King, “The Politics of Sexual Stereotypes,” Black Scholar 4 (1973) 14.
CrossRef
Google Scholar
Thomas Jefferson held the view that black women had an animalistic sexuality; see Thomas Jefferson, Notes on the State of Virginia, in Basic Writings of Thomas Jefferson, ed. Philip Sheldon Foner (1782; New York: Willey, 1944; Halcyon, 1950. Citation is to Halcyon edition.) 145.
Google Scholar
Quoted in Beverly Guy-Sheftall, Daughters of Sorrow: Attitudes Toward Black Women, 1880–1920 (New York: Carlson, 1990) 46.
Google Scholar
bell hooks, Ain’t I A Woman: Black Women and Feminism (Boston: South End, 1981) 85.
Google Scholar
Philip Alexander Bruce, The Plantation Negro as a Freeman: Observations on His Character, Condition, and Prospects in Virginia (Williamston, MA: Corner House, 1889).
Google Scholar
Z. Fareen Parvez, Women, Poverty and Welfare Reform, a fact sheet distributed by Sociologists for Women in Society (2002), available at http://www.socwomen.org/socactivism/factwelfare.pdf.
Google Scholar
Paul Butler, “Much Respect: Toward a Hip-Hop Theory of Punishment,” Stanford Law Review 56 (2004) 983–1016; bell hooks, Yearning: Race, Gender, and Cultural Politics (Boston: South End, 1990)
Google Scholar
bell hooks, Yearning: Race, Gender, and Cultural Politics (Boston: South End, 1990)
Google Scholar
Tricia Rose, Black Noise: Rap Music and Black Culture in Contemporary America (Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 1994).
Google Scholar
hooks, Yearning; bell hooks, Outlaw Culture: Resisting Representations (New York: Routledge, 1994)
Google Scholar
Leola Johnson, “Rap, Misogyny and Racism,” Radical America 26 (1992) 7–19.
Google Scholar
Tricia Rose, Longing to Tell: Black Women Talk About Sexuality and Intimacy (New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2003) 398.
Google Scholar
Evelynn M. Hammonds, “Toward a Genealogy of Black Female Sexuality: The Problematic of Science,” in Feminist Theory and the Body: A Reader, ed. Janet Price and Margaret Shildrick (New York: Routledge, 1999) 93–104.
Google Scholar
Deborah Gray White, Too Heavy a Load: Black Women in Defense of Themselves, 1894–1994 (New York: Norton, 1999) 69–71.
Google Scholar
Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham, Righteous Discontent: The Women’s Movement in the Black Baptist Church, 1880–1920 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993).
Google Scholar
Beverly Washington Jones, Quest for Equality: The Life and Writings of Mary Eliza Church Terrell, 1863–1954 (New York: Carlson, 1990) 155f.
Google Scholar
Carol Batker, “‘Love Me Like I Like to Be’: The Sexual Politics of Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God, the Classic Blues, and the Black Women’s Club Movement,” African American Review 32 (1998) 201; and Deborah Gray White, Too Heavy, 71.
CrossRef
Google Scholar
Shirley J. Carlson, “Black Ideals of Womanhood in the Late Victorian Era,” Journal of Negro History 77 (1992) 69.
CrossRef
Google Scholar
Regina Austin, “Black Women, Sisterhood, and the Difference/Deviance Divide,” New England Law Review 26 (1992) 877–887.
Google Scholar
Charisse Jones and Kumea Shorter-Gooden, Shifting: The Double Lives of Black Women in America (New York: HarperCollins, 2003) 51.
Google Scholar
Gail Elizabeth Wyatt, Stolen Women: Reclaiming Our Sexuality, Taking Back Our Lives (New York: John Wiley, 1997).
Google Scholar
Joshunda Sanders, “Jackson Exposed More Than Flesh,” San Francisco Chronicle, February 15, 2004, E7.
Google Scholar
Gail Elizabeth Wyatt and Monika Riederle, “The Prevalence and Context of Sexual Harassment Among African American and White American Women,” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 10 (1995) 309–321.
CrossRef
Google Scholar
Lola Ogunnaike, “New Magazines for Black Men Proudly Redefine the Pinup,” New York Times, August 31, 2004, B1.
Google Scholar
Toni Morrison, The Bluest Eye (New York: Holt, 1970; Knopf, 1993).
Google Scholar
Kathy Lee Peiss, Hope in a Jar: The Making of America’s Beauty Culture (New York: Metropolitan, 1998).
Google Scholar
Cheryl Townsend Gilkes, “The ‘Loves’ and ‘Troubles’ of African-American Women’s Bodies: The Womanist Challenge to Cultural Humiliation and Community Ambivalence,” in A Troubling in My Soul: Womanist Perspectives on Evil and Suffering, ed. Emilie M. Townes (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis, 1993) 232–249.
Google Scholar
Collins, Black Sexual Politics, 72f; Hazel V. Carby, “It Jus’ Be’s Dat Way Sometime: The Sexual Politics of Women’s Blues,” in Feminisms: An Anthology of Literary Theory and Criticism, eds. Robyn R. Warhol and Diane Price Herndl (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1991) 746–758
CrossRef
Google Scholar
Angela Yvonne Davis, Blues Legacies and Black Feminism: Gertrude “Ma” Rainey, Bessie Smith, and Billie Holiday (New York: Pantheon, 1998).
Google Scholar
Imani Perry, “It’s My Thang and I’ll Swing It the Way that I Feel!” in Gender, Race, and Class in Media: A Text-Reader, ed. Gail Dines and Jean McMahon Humez (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1995) 524–530.
Google Scholar
Department of Labor, Office of Policy Planning and Research, The Negro Family: The Case for National Action, Daniel Patrick Moynihan (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1965).
Google Scholar
Daniel R. Neuspiel, “Racism and Perinatal Addiction,” Ethnicity and Disease 6 (1996) 47–55.
Google Scholar
Donald Braman, “Families and Incarceration,” in Invisible Punishment: The Collateral Consequences of Mass Imprisonment, ed. Marc Mauer and Meda Chesney-Lind (New York: New, 2002) 117–135, 127f.
Google Scholar
Lynette Clemetson, “Links Between Prison and AIDS Affecting Blacks Inside and Out,” New York Times, August 6, 2004, A1.
Google Scholar