Abstract
Although there is a discord in the ability of ethnic minorities in Beijing and Toronto to convert their educational attainment into occupational outcomes relative to the dominant group, the underlying causes for this apparent ethnic penalty are not entirely straight-forward. This chapter will explore whether explanatory factors such as discrimination, an individual’s social network, a firm’s working culture, and a community’s social trust are major contributing reasons.
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© 2010 Reza Hasmath
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Hasmath, R. (2010). Explaining the Penalty. In: A Comparative Study of Minority Development in China and Canada. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230107779_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230107779_6
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, New York
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-28658-4
Online ISBN: 978-0-230-10777-9
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