Abstract
The bildungsroman has a long and ubiquitous presence in the history of literature worldwide. As narratives that center on the maturation of a young protagonist and her/his relationship to the society in which she/he resides, novels of this genre often include experiences that shape gender and sexual development and, in turn, identity. Such locations present numerous opportunities for examining queer identities. In her excellent analysis of Chicana “lesbian” works of fiction, With Her Machete in Her Hand: Reading Chicana Lesbians (2006), Catrióna Rueda Esquibel examines Chicana novels that center on young female protagonists: The House on Mango Street, by Sandra Cisneros (1984); The Last of the Menu Girls, by Denise Chávez (1986); Margins, by Terri de la Peña (1992); and Gulf Dreams, by Emma Pérez (1996). In each, Esquibel focuses on the ways in which intimate relationships between girls/women are homoerotic. She argues that Chicana lesbian writing has a long trajectory in the history of Chicana/o literature that goes beyond those texts where clearly marked lesbian identities are present. In this way, she expands and enriches the Chicana lesbian canon considerably and creates a discourse on the ways in which characters that are not overtly marked as gay or lesbian can and do contribute to a discourse on nonnormative gender and sexuality.
In short, he was a sissy, really, and he could fool a lot of people.
Narrator of Pocho, describing Richard Rubio1
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Notes
José Antonio Villarreal, Pocho (New York: Anchor Books, 1989), 95.
Alexander Doty, Flaming Classics: Queering the Film Canon (New York: Routledge, 2000), 2.
See Timothy S. Sedore’s interview with the author: “‘Everything I Wrote Was Truth’: An Interview with José Antonio Villarreal,” Northwest Review 39, no. 1 (2001): 77–89.
Eve Kosofsky Sedwick, Between Men: English Literature and Male Homosocial Desire (New York: Columbia University Press, 1985).
Gayle Rubin, “The Traffic in Women: Notes on the ‘Political Economy’ of Sex,” in The Second Wave: A Reader in Feminist Theory, ed. Linda Nicholson (New York: Routledge, 1997), 27–62.
See René Girard, Deceit, Desire, and the Novel: Self and the Other in Literary Structure (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1965), 1–52.
Tomás Rivera, … y no se lo tragó la tierra/… And the Earth Did Not Devour Him (Houston, TX: Arte Público Press, 1992), 100.
See José Antonio Villarreal, Pocho (New York: Anchor Books, 1989), 114.
Rudolfo A. Anaya, Bless Me, Ultima (Berkeley: Tonatiuh International, 1972), 212.
Gloria Anzaldúa, Borderlands/La frontera: The New Mestiza (San Francisco, CA: Aunt Lute Books, 1987).
Montye P. Fuse, “Culture, Tradition, Family: Gender Roles in Rudolfo Anaya’s Bless Me, Ultima (1972),” in Women and Literature: Reading through the Lens of Gender, ed. Jerilyn Fisher and Ellen S. Silber (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2003).
Juan Bruce-Novoa, “Homosexuality and the Chicano Novel,” in European Perspectives on Hispanic Literature of the United States, ed. Genevieve Fabre (Houston: Arte Público Press, 1988), 105
Karl J. Reinhardt, “The Image of Gays in Chicano Prose Fictions,” in Explorations in Ethnic Studies 4, no. 2 (1981): 41–55.
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© 2009 Daniel Enrique Pérez
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Pérez, D.E. (2009). (Re)Reading the Chicano Literary Canon. In: Rethinking Chicana/o and Latina/o Popular Culture. The Future of Minority Studies. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230101685_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230101685_4
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