Abstract
Italy, 1350–1530.
The city-states of the Italian Renaissance are the first unambiguously urban seedbeds where Europe becomes a civi-lization, that is, a citification of minds and manners. Not coincidentally, the Italian merchant cities of the Renaissance produce art in unprecedented form and quantity. Artistic craft asserts its independence from pre-appointed social ends and becomes a more autonomous sphere of subjective activity that champions internal consistency, individuality, and originality. Through art, bourgeois making and producing affirms itself over clerics and warriors. Courtesy, grazia, the styling of personal appearance also bear witness to the role of aesthetics in de-feudalizing and citifying the state.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
MarsilioFicino, ‘Epistolae’, in Cassirer (1948), p. 200.
- 2.
Boccaccio, Decameron, First Day, Introduction.
- 3.
Burckhardt [1860] (1904), vol I, p. 129.
- 4.
Samuel Cohn, ‘Burckhardt Revisited from Social History’, in Brown (1995), pp. 217–34. On the reception of Burckhardt’s study, see John Jeffries Martin, ‘The Myth of Renaissance Individualism’, in Ruggiero (2002), pp. 208–223.
- 5.
In Cipolla (1981), p. 148.
- 6.
Among many studies, Martines (1979); Burke (1987), esp. pp. 187–244; Grendler (1989).
- 7.
Peter Burke, ‘The Renaissance, Individualism, and the Portrait’, History of European Ideas 21 (1995), pp. 393–400.
- 8.
Cicchetti (1985).
- 9.
Amelang (1998).
- 10.
Greenblatt (1980, 2011).
- 11.
Pico, p. 6.
- 12.
Pico, p. 7 [1486].
- 13.
Petrarch (1985), p. 32.
- 14.
Hauser, vol. II, p. 6.
- 15.
On this topic, White (1958), and Damisch (1994).
- 16.
Harris (2002).
- 17.
In Potter (1971), p. 16.
- 18.
Panofsky (1927).
- 19.
Alberti [1435], p. 55.
- 20.
In Cassirer, p. 195.
- 21.
Errera (1920); Burke, p. 171.
- 22.
Alberti (1991), p. 420.
- 23.
In Muntz (2011).
- 24.
Vasari (1991), pp. 431, 444.
- 25.
Ibid., p. 163.
- 26.
See Barasch (1985), p. 189ff.
- 27.
Francisco de Hollanda, ‘Three Dialogues on Painting’, in Halroyd (1903), p. 283.
- 28.
In Goldwater (1974), p. 22. See also Ames-Lewis (2000).
- 29.
Vasari, p. 478.
- 30.
da Vinci (1883), vol. I, p. 660.
- 31.
In Chambers (1970), p. 96.
- 32.
In Summers (1981), p. 136.
- 33.
Vasari, p. 444.
- 34.
Ibid., pp. 419, 278.
- 35.
Cennini, vol. 2.
- 36.
Roskill (1968), p. 159.
- 37.
Alberti (1908), p. 137.
- 38.
Elias (1939); Clark (2007), esp. pp. 166–192.
- 39.
Dewald (1996), p. 129.
- 40.
Castiglione (1976), p. 67.
- 41.
Ibid., p. 67.
- 42.
Dewald, p. 144.
- 43.
Machiavelli [c. 1515, published 1532], Chap. 14.
- 44.
In Panofsky (1971), p. 213.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2016 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Maleuvre, D. (2016). The Time of Makers. In: The Art of Civilization. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-94869-7_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-94869-7_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, New York
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-94868-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-349-94869-7
eBook Packages: Literature, Cultural and Media StudiesLiterature, Cultural and Media Studies (R0)