Abstract
Public health campaigns against cancer were boosted in the late 1920s by new hopes about the efficacy of radium in the treatment of cervical cancer. Moscucci focuses on women doctors’ contribution to the nascent specialty of radiotherapy, setting it in the context of discussions about the organization of radium research, and controversies over the relative merits of surgery vs. radium therapy. Debates about the results of treatment importantly led to the development of staging systems for cervical cancer, in an effort to provide common definitions of primary cervical carcinoma. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the establishment of radiotherapy as a medical specialism and the impact this had on the treatment of cervical cancer after the Second World War.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Bibliography
Archival Sources
Medical Research Council. ‘Proposed central committee for studies in radiology’. 1921. FD 1/737. The National Archives.
Medical Research Council, W. Fletcher, ‘Letter to G. Newman’, 15th December 1923. FD 1/2037. The National Archives.
Medical Research Council. G. Newman, ‘Letter to W. Fletcher’ 2nd April 1925. FD1/697. The National Archives.
Medical Research Council. W. Fletcher, ‘Letter to G. Newman’, 3rd April 1925. FD1/697. The National Archives.
Medical Research Council. W. Fletcher, ‘Letter to BECC secretary’, 4th August 1925. FD1/697. The National Archives.
Medical Research Council. ‘Radium. Supply to Marie Curie Clinic’. List of Subscribers to the Marie Curie Hospital. FD1/697. The National Archives.
Ministry of Health. Supply and distribution of Radium. A.B.S. Smallman, ‘Some Considerations Regarding Radium in the Treatment of Cancer’. MH 58/150. The National Archives.
Ministry of Health. Supply and distribution of Radium. ‘Results of Treatment of Uterine Cancer’. MH 58/150. The National Archives.
Ministry of Health. A.B.S. Smallman, ‘Cancer of the Uterus: Radium Treatment in Poor Law Institutions’ November 1927. MH 55/34. The National Archives.
Ministry of Health. ‘Cancer of the Uterus: Radium Treatment in Poor Law Institutions’. C. Berkeley, ‘Letter to George Newman’, 4 December 1927. MH 55/34. The National Archives.
Ministry of Health. ‘Cancer of the Uterus: Radium Treatment in Poor Law Hospitals’, 28th September 1928. Ministry of Health Circular D2318-600. MH 55/35. The National Archives.
Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Finance and Executive Committee. Minutes, 9th October 1949. A3/6.
Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Standing Committee of the Three Royal Colleges. ‘Memorandum on Gynaecological Cancer’, Minutes, 10th February 1954. C/1.
Published Sources
Abbe, Robert. ‘The Use of Radium in Malignant Disease’. Lancet 2 (1913): 524–527.
Aronowitz, J. N. and R.F. Robison. ‘Howard Kelly Establishes Gynecologic Brachytherapy in the United ted States’. Brachytherapy 9 (2004): 178–184.
Aronowitz, J. N., S. V. Aronowitz and R.F. Robison. ‘Classics in Brachytherapy: Margaret Cleaves Introduces Gynecologic Brachytherapy’. Brachytherapy 6 (2007): 293–297.
Ayers, G. England’s First State Hospitals and the Metropolitan Asylums Board. London: Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine, 1971.
Barclay, A. E. ‘The New Importance of Radium’. The Lancet 1 (1929): 1061–1062.
Benedet, J. L. ‘Cervical Cancer Staging Systems: the Endless Debate’. Gynecologic Oncology 65 (1997): 6–7.
Benedet, J. L. and S. Pecorelli. ‘Why Cancer Staging?’ International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 95, Supplement 1.0 (2006): S3.
Berkeley, C. ‘Results of Treatment of Uterine Cancer’. British Medical Journal 2 (1927): 284.
———. ‘Treatment of Cancer by Radium (letter)’. British Medical Journal 1 (1928): 75.
Blaikley, J. B. ‘The Place of Ultra-Radical Surgery in Advanced Malignant Disease in the Pelvis’. Postgraduate Medical Journal 30 (1954): 376–379.
———. ‘The Treatment of Carcinoma of the Cervix’. Proceedings of the Royal Institution of Great Britain 56 (1963): 876-884.
Blaikley, J. B., M. Lederman and W. Pollard. ‘Carcinoma of the Cervix at Chelsea Hospital for Women’. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the British Commonwealth 76 (1969): 729–740.
Bonney, Victor. ‘Surgical Treatment of Carcinoma of the Cervix’. The Lancet 1 (1930): 277–282.
Borowy, I. Coming to Terms with World Health: The League of Nations Health Organisation 1921–1946. Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien: Peter Lang, 2009.
‘British Memorial to Marie Curie: A Daughter’s Tribute’. British Medical Journal 1 (1935): 665–666.
Brunschwig, Alexander. ‘Complete Excision of Pelvic Viscera for Advanced Carcinoma’.Cancer 1 (1948): 177–183.
———. ‘The surgical Treatment of Cancer of the Cervix’. Cancer 6 (1953): 980–986.
Burch, J. C. ‘What’s Wrong with Pelvic Surgery?’ Annals of Surgery 141 (1955): 573–576.
Burnam, C. F. ‘Early Experiences with Radium’. The American Journal of Roentgenology and Radium Therapy 36 (1936): 437–452.
———. ‘Howard Atwood Kelly’. Johns Hopkins Hospital Bulletin 73 (1943): 1–22.
Butlin, Henry T. ‘On Radium in the Treatment of Cancer and Some Associated Conditions’. The Lancet 2 (1909): 1411–1414.
‘Cancer’. The Times, 20th November 1928, p. 17.
‘Cancer (Editorial)’. The Lancet 1 (1922): 673.
‘Cancer in Women: Benefits of Radium Treatment’. The Times, 14th October 1926.
‘Cancer: Its Causes and Its Cure’. The Lancet 1 (1922): 236–237.
‘Cancer of the Cervix (Editorial)’, British Medical Journal, 2 (1950): 769–70.
‘Cancer of the Uterine Cervix’. British Medical Journal 2 (1937): 755–756.
‘Cancer Research: Success of Radium Treatment. Laboratories Opened by Queen Mary’. The Times, 20th March 1937.
Cantor, D. ‘Radium and the Origins of the National Cancer Institute’. In Biomedicine in the Twentieth Century, edited by C. Hannaway, 95–146. Amsterdam, Berlin, Oxford, Tokyo, Washington DC: IOS Press, 2008.
———. ‘The Definition of Radiobiology: the Medical Research Council’s Support for Research into the Biological Effects of Radiation, 1919–1939’. PhD Thesis Lancaster University, 1987.
———. ‘The MRC’s Support for Experimental Radiology during the Inter-War Years’. In Historical Perspectives on the Role of the MRC: Essays in the History of the Medical Research Council of the United Kingdom and its Predecessor, the Medical Research Committee, 1913-1953, edited by Joan Austoker and Linda Bryder, 181-204. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989.
Chadburn, Mary M. ‘Cancer in Women. Radium Treatment. A New Research Committee’. The Times, 28th March 1925.
———. ‘The Marie Curie Hospital’. The Medical Women’s Federation News-Letter July 1927–March 1929 (1929): 48–50.
Chambers, Helen. ‘Radium Treatment of Cancer of the Cervix’. The Lancet 2 (1927): 1406–1408.
———. ‘The Marie Curie Hospital’. The Medical Women’s Federation News-Letter July 1929–Nov 1931 (1931): 19–23.
———. ‘Radiotherapy in Cervix Cancer’. The Lancet 1 (1935): 606–607.
Cleaves, M. A. ‘Radium: with a Preliminary Note on Radium Rays in the Treatment of Cancer’. Journal of Advanced Therapeutics 21 (1903): 667–682.
Close-Koenig, Tricia. ‘A Detour or a Shortcut? Pathology Laboratories in Cancer Treatment Centres’. In Transferring Public Health, Medical Knowledge and Science in the 19th and 20th Century. Conference Proceedings, V 47–65. Rokkanstenteret, 2007.
Committee of Civil Research. Radium Sub-Committee. Report. 1929. London, HMSO Cmd. 3303.
Cook, F. ‘The Progress of Radio-Therapy in Gynaecology’. In Historical Review of British Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1800–1950, edited by. J. Munro Kerr, R.W. Johnstone and Miles H. Phillips, 382–389. Edinburgh: Livingstone, 1954.
Cooter, Roger. ‘Keywords in the History of Medicine: Teamwork’. The Lancet 363 (2004): 1245.
Coupland, S. ‘The Cancer Charity of the Middlesex Hospital, 1792–1902’. Reports from the Cancer Research Laboratories: the Middlesex Hospital 1 (1902): 1–38.
Cox-Maksimov, D. ‘The Making of the Clinical Trial in Britain, 1910–1945: Expertise, the State and the Public’. PhD Thesis Cambridge, 1997.
Curie, E. Madame Curie: A Biography. Translated by V. Sheean. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1937.
Curie, Pierre. ‘Le Radium’. Proceedings of the Royal Institution of Great Britain 17 (1906): 389–402.
Currie, D. W. ‘The Association of Radium and Surgery in the Treatment of Carcinoma of the Cervix’. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine 45 (1952): 327–331.
Davis, A. W. Dr Kelly of Hopkins: Surgeon, Scientist, Christian. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1959.
del Regato, J. A. Radiological Oncologists. Reston, Virginia: Radiology Centennial Inc., 1993, 37–44.
di Paola, G. R. ‘History of and Rational [sic] for Staging Gynaecological Cancers’. CME Journal of Gynecologic Oncology 6 (2001): 230–231.
‘Discussion on the Position of Radium in the Treatment of Gynaecological Conditions’. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine 23 (1930): 1065–1083.
‘Discussion on the Pre-Cancerous Uterus’. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine 13 (1920): 3–13.
Domenech, M. M. and C. Castañeda. ‘Redefining Cancer during the Inter-War Period: British Medical Officers of Health, State Policy, Managerialism and Public Health’. American Journal of Public Health 97 (2007): 1563–1571.
Donaldson, M. ‘The Advantages of Radiation in the Treatment of Cancer of the Cervix Uteri’. Report of the International Conference on Cancer, London 17th–20th July 1928. Bristol: John Wright & Sons, 1928. 75–81.
———. ‘The Radium Treatment of Carcinoma of the Cervix since 1921’. St Bartholomew’s Hospital Reports 60 (1927): 97–111.
———. ‘Treatment of Inoperable Carcinoma of the Cervix Uteri with Radium: Description of the More Recent Methods Employed’. British Medical Journal 1 (1925): 876–879.
Downes, K. A. and W.R. Hart. ‘History of Gynecological Pathology VII. Dr Elizabeth Hurdon’. International Journal of Gynecological Pathology, 19 (2000), 85–93.
‘Dr Kelly Sails Suddenly to Europe’. The New York Times, 25th January 1914.
Elena, A. ‘Skirts in the Lab: Madame Curie and the Image of the Woman Scientist in the Feature Film’. Public Understanding of Science, 6 (1997): 269–278.
Elston, M. A. ‘Run by Women, (Mainly) for Women: Medical Women’s Hospitals in Britain, 1866–1948’. In Women and Modern Medicine, edited by L. Conrad and A. Hardy, 73–107. Amsterdam and Atalanta: Rodopi, 2001.
‘Epitome: Radium in Cancer of the Uterus’. The British Medical Journal 1 (1920): 40.
Fairbairn, J. S. ‘Röntgen Rays in Obstetrics and Gynaecology’. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the British Empire 7 (1905): 367–368.
Forsdike, S. ‘Treatment of Cancer by Radium’. British Medical Journal 2 (1927): 1163.
Gamlen, H. E. ‘Treatment of Lupus by X rays and Ultraviolet rays’. British Medical Journal 1 (1903): 1310–1313.
Geddes, J. F. ‘Deeds and Words in the Suffrage Military Hospital in Endell Street’. Medical History 51 (2007): 79–98.
Glucksmann, A. and S. Way. ‘On the Choice of Treatment of Individual Carcinomas of the Cervix Based on the Analysis of Serial Biopsies’. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the British Empire 55 (1948): 573–581.
Hayter, C. R. R. An Element of Hope: Radium and the Response to Cancer in Canada, 1900–1940. Montreal & Kingston/London/Ithaca: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2005.
Hermanek, P. ‘Why TNM System for Staging of Gynaecologic Tumours?’ CME Journal of Gynecologic Oncology 6 (2001): 267–69.
Herran, N. ‘A Subversive Element: Science, Politics and the Early Appropriation of Radioactivity in Spain’. In Neighbours and Territories: The Evolving Identity of Chemistry, edited by J. R. Bertomeu-Sánchez, D. Thorburn Burns and B. Van Tiggelen, 175–186. Louvain-la-Neuve: Mémosciences, 2008.
Heyman, James. ‘Experiences of Radiological Treatment of Cancer in Gynaecology’. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine 22 (1929): 801–810.
———. ‘International Agreement on Stage-Grouping in Cancer of the Cervix Uteri’. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 28 (1949): 175–184.
Heyman, James and M. Strandquist. Health Organization. Inquiry into the Results of Radiotherapy in Cancer of the Uterus. Atlas Illustrating the Division of Cancer of the Uterine Cervix into Four Stages According to the Anatomico-Clinical Extent of the Growth. Stockholm: P. A. Norstedt & Söner, 1938.
Howkins, John. ‘The Place of Surgery in the Treatment of Carcinoma of the Cervix’, Postgraduate Medical Journal 32 (1956): 522–525.
Hueper, W. C. and H. Schmitz. ‘Relations of Histological Structure and Clinical Grouping to the Prognosis of Carcinomata of the Breast and Uterine Cervix’. Annals of Surgery 90 (1930): 999.
Hurdon, E. Cancer of the Uterus. London: Oxford University Press, 1942.
Hurdon, E. and H. Chambers. ‘The Treatment of Carcinoma of the Body of the Uterus by Irradiation’. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine 26 (1933): 710–720.
Iredell, C. E. ‘The Early History of Radium in London’. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine 44 (1951): 207–209.
Janeway, H. H. ‘The Treatment of Uterine Cancer by Radium’. Radium 14 (1919): 17–52.
‘Joint Cancer Consultation Clinics. Royal Marsden Hospital’s Initiative’. British Medical Journal 1 (1956): 1164–1165.
Jones, H. W. III. ‘Staging and Pretreatment Evaluation of Women with Cervical Cancer’. In The Cervix, edited by J. A. Jordan, A. Singer and H. Jones, 522–530. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2006.
Kaiser, I. H. ‘Primary Carcinoma of the Vagina’. Cancer 5 (1952): 1146–1159.
Kevles, B. H. Naked to the Bone: Medical Imaging in the Twentieth Century. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1996.
Koudelka, B. ‘Hurdon, Elizabeth’. In Notable American Women, 1607–1950: A Biographical Dictionary, edited by E.T. James, J.W. James and P.S. Boyer. 3 vols., vol. 2, 241–3. Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1971.
Lane-Claypon, J. Cancer of the Uterus: A Statistical Inquiry into the Results of Treatment, Being an Analysis of the Existing Literature. Reports on Public Health and Medical Subjects, no. 40. London: Ministry of Health, 1927.
Larsson, L.-G. ‘Organization of Radiotherapy and Clinical Oncology in Sweden: a Historical Review’. Acta Oncologica 34 (1995): 1011–1015.
Lens. ‘The Marie Curie Hospital’. The New Statesman 1929: 692.
Lockyer, C. ‘The Future of Radiology in Gynaecological Practice’. The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the British Empire 26 (1914): 92–100.
Lopes, T., N. Spirtos, R. Naik and J. M. Monaghan. Bonney’s Gynaecological Surgery. 11th ed. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011.
Löwy, I. A Woman’s Disease: The History of Cervical Cancer. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.
MacLeod, R. M. and E. K. Andrews. ‘The Committee of Civil Research: Scientific Advice for Economic Development 1925–30’. Minerva 7 (1969): 680–705.
Magill, M. ‘The Practice of Radiology and Electro-Therapeutics for Medical Women’. Medical Women’s Federation News-Letter (1925): 21–26.
Marks, Harry M. The Progress of Experiment: Science and Therapeutic Reform in the United States, 1900–1990. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
Marsden, D. and N. F. Hacker. ‘Controversies and New Trends in Staging Vulval and Vaginal Carcinoma’. CME Journal of Gynecologic Oncology 6 (2001): 235–239.
Martindale, Louisa. A Woman Surgeon. London: Victor Gollancz, 1951.
———. The Woman Doctor. London: Mills & Boon, 1922.
Medical Research Council. Report for 1923–4. 1924.
Medical Research Council. Report for 1927–8. 1928.
Meigs, J. V. ‘The Radical Operation for Cancer of the Cervix’. American Journal of Roentgenology 57 (1947): 679–684.
Ménoret, M. ‘The Genesis of the Notion of Stages in Oncology: the French Permanent Cancer Survey (1943–1952)’. Social History of Medicine 15 (2002): 291–302.
Mohr, P. D. ‘Chambers, Helen (1879–1935)’. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.
Moscucci, Ornella. ‘The “Ineffable Freemasonry of Sex”: Feminist Surgeons and the Establishment of Radiotherapy in Early Twentieth-Century Britain’. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 81 (2007): 139–163.
Mould, R. F. ‘Priority for Radium Therapy of Benign Conditions and Cancer’. Current Oncology 17 (2007): 389–402.
———. ‘The Discovery of Radium in 1898 by Maria Sklodowska-Curie (1867-1934) and Pierre Curie (1859-1906) with Commentary on Their Life and Times’. The British Journal of Radiology 71 (1998): 1229–1254.
Mould, R. F., R. F. Robison and B. Van Tiggelen. ‘Louis-Frédérick Wickham (1861–1913): Father of Radium Therapy’. NOWOTWORY Journal of Oncology 60 (2010): 79-e–103-e.
Murphy, Caroline. ‘A History of Radiotherapy to 1950. Cancer and Radiotherapy in Britain 1850–1950’. PhD Thesis University of Manchester, 1986.
Murray, F. Women as Army Surgeons: Being the History of the Women’s Hospital Corps in Paris, Wimereux and Endell Street, September 1914–October 1919. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1920.
Ninth Annual Report of the National Radium Trust and the Radium Commission, 1937–8, Including a Statistical Report. 1938. London, HMSO. Cmd 5883.
Novak, E. ‘Cancer of the Uterus’. Journal of the American Medical Association 135 (1947): 199–206.
‘Obituary: Helen Chambers, CBE, MD Lond.’. The Lancet 2 (1935): 228–29.
‘Obituary and Bibliography of Helen Chambers CBE MD BS’. Medical Women’s Federation Quarterly Review (1936): 58–61.
Obituary: Kate Platt MD’. British Medical Journal 2 (1940): 651–652.
Odicino, F., S. Pecorelli, L. Zigliani and W.T. Creasman. ‘History of the FIGO Cancer Staging System’. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 101 (2008): 205–210.
Passe, E. R. Garnett. ‘Irradiation or Surgery for Cancer?’ British Medical Journal 1 (1938): 1231–1232.
Percival, E. S. ‘Carcinoma of the Cervix: a Report on 100 Cases Treated at the Montreal General Hospital 1925–1929’. Canadian Medical Association Journal 33 (1935): 374–376.
Pickstone, John. ‘Configurations of Cancer Treatments through the Twentieth Century’. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 81 (2007): 164–196.
Pinch, A. E. Hayward. ‘A Report of the Work of the Radium Institute’. British Medical Journal 1 (1913): 149–165.
Pinell, Patrice. The Fight against Cancer: France 1890–1940. London and New York: Routledge, 2002.
Prochaska, Frank K. Philanthropy and the Hospitals of London: the King’s Fund 1897–1990. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991.
‘Radiological Treatment of Cancer: League of Nations Conference’. British Medical Journal 2 (1934): 217.
‘Radiotherapy in Cancer of the Cervix’. British Medical Journal 2 (1933): 243–244.
‘Radio-Therapy in Cancer of the Uterus’. British Medical Journal 1 (1920): 480.
‘Radiotherapy of Uterine Cancer: Methods, Records, and Results’. British Medical Journal 2 (1928): 21.
‘Radium a “Fraud”, Asserts Dr Doyen’.The New York Times, 19th April 1914.
‘Radium and Cancer’. British Medical Journal 1 (1914): 50–51.
‘Radium Better than Knife: Cancer Optimism’. Newcastle Evening Chronicle, 19th April 1928.
‘Radium for Cancer’. The Lancet 1 (1928): 973–974.
‘Radium Therapy of Cancer of the Cervix (Editorial)’. The Lancet 2 (1926): 868–869.
‘Radium Treatment of Uterine Cancer: Report of the Marie Curie Clinic, London’, British Medical Journal, 2 (1929):1025–1026.
‘Reports of Societies: Results of Treatment of Cancer of the Uterus’. British Medical Journal 1 (1934): 547–549.
‘Results of Treatment of Uterine Cancer’. British Medical Journal 2 (1927): 228–229.
Rowland, S. ‘Report on the Application of the New Photography to Medicine and Surgery – I’. British Medical Journal 1 (1896): 361–362.
——— . ‘Report on the Application of the New Photography to Medicine and Surgery – III’. British Medical Journal 1 (1896): 492–497.
Schlink, Herbert H. ‘Cancer of the Cervix Uteri: Australian Results 1930–50’. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the British Empire 57 (1950): 714–720.
Schmitz, H. ‘The Classification of Uterine Carcinoma for Study of the Efficacy of Radium Therapy’. American Journal of Roentgenology 7 (1920): 383.
Searle, G. R. The Quest for National Efficiency: A Study in Politics and Political Thought, 1899–1914. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1971.
Second Annual Report of the National Radium Trust and Radium Commission, 1930–1. 1931. London, HMSO.
‘Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology: Discussion on Pelvic Exenteration’. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine’. 46 (1953): 753–768.
Sequeira, J. H. ‘Further Observations upon the Treatment of Rodent Ulcer by the X rays’. British Medical Journal 1 (1903): 1307–1310.
Serwer, Daniel Paul. ‘The Rise of Radiation Protection: Science, Medicine, and Technology in Society, 1896–1935’. Biomedical and Environmental Assessment Division, National Center for Analysis of Energy Systems. 1976.
Shaw, W.F. ‘Treatment of Cancer by Radium’. British Medical Journal 2 (1927): 1054; 1163; 1244.
Shaw, W.F. and D. Dougal. ‘Results of Treatment of Carcinoma of the Cervix’. British Medical Journal 1 (1936): 786–88.
Silverstone, S. M. ‘Robert Abbe: Founder of Radium Therapy in America’ Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine 32 (1956): 157–67.
Sloan, S. ‘Report of the Glasgow Obstetric and Gynaecological Society’. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the British Empire 5 (1904): 309.
‘Stages of Cervical Cancer’. British Medical Journal, 1 (1938):1064.
Stallworthy, J. ‘Stage II Carcinoma of the Cervix’. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine 69 (1976): 858–859.
Stevens, J. Thompson. ‘Carcinoma of the Cervix: Treatment by a Combination of Roentgen Rays, Radium, and Electrothermic Coagulation’. Radiology 10 (1928): 57–61.
Stewart, J. ‘The Finest Municipal Hospital Service in the World? Contemporary Perceptions of the London County Council’s Hospital Provision, 1929–39’. Urban History 32 (2005): 327–344.
Sturdy, Steve and R. Cooter. ‘Science, Scientific Management, and the Transformation of Medicine in Britain c.1870–1950’. History of Science 36 (1998): 421–466.
‘Supply and Distribution of Radium: The Subcommittee’s Report’. British Medical Journal 1 (1929): 772–774.
Taylor, H. C. ‘Controversial Points in the Treatment of Carcinoma of the Cervix’. Cancer 5 (1952): 435–441.
‘The Health Organization of the League of Nations: the Work of the Cancer Commission, 1923–1927’. The British Medical Journal 2 (1927): 1157.
‘The Marie Curie Hospital’. The Lancet 1 (1934): 527–528.
‘The Marie Curie Hospital: Dr Lang’s tribute’. The Times, 1st July 1936.
‘The Marie Curie Hospital: Prime Minister’s Tribute’. British Medical Journal 2 (1934): 1105.
‘The Standardisation of Treatment by Radium’. The Lancet 1 (1920): 1278.
‘The State of the Public Health: Sir George Newman’s Report for 1931’. British Medical Journal 2 (1932): 636–637.
Van Helvoort, T. ‘Scalpel or Rays? Radiotherapy and the Cancer Patient in Pre-Second World War Germany’. Medical History 45 (2001): 33–50.
‘Vexed with Dr Kelly: Maryland Faculty May Charge Violation of Medical Ethics’. The New York Times, 11th January 1914.
Whelton, J. A. ‘Radiation Therapy of Gynecological Malignancies at the I. Universitäts-Frauenklinik, Munich, Germany, and at the Radiumhemmet, Stockholm, Sweden’. Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine 39 (1963): 590–596.
Wickham, L. ‘Is Radium a Cure for Cancer?’ British Medical Journal 2 (1909): 1748–1749.
Winkelstein, W. Jr. ‘Claypon, Janet Elizabeth Lane- (1877–1967)’. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.
Winter, G. ‘Noch einmal die Carcinomstatistik’. Archiv für Gynäkologie 20 (1923): 219–227.
Zetka, J. R. Jr. ‘Establishing Specialty Jurisdictions in Medicine: the Case of American Obstetrics and Gynaecology’. Sociology of Health & Illness 33 (2011): 837–852.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2016 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Moscucci, O. (2016). The Gendered Politics of Radiotherapy. In: Gender and Cancer in England, 1860-1948. Medicine and Biomedical Sciences in Modern History. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-60109-7_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-60109-7_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-0-230-55423-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-349-60109-7
eBook Packages: HistoryHistory (R0)