Abstract
This chapter starts with the enormously swift disappearance of the Soviet threat and the broad demilitarization of the international relations: Conventional Forces in Europe (CFE)|, Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) and other forms of arms control. It continues with the comparison of the two big paradigms of the early 1990s: Fukuyama’s Optimism (The end of History) and Huntington’s Fears and Warnings (Clash of Civilizations). The following parts are dedicated to the global terror dating from 9/11. Eichler presents his arguments for a critical analysis of Bush’s obsession with a military answer to the threat of contemporary terrorism. He does not contest either the geniality of the US military elites or the impressiveness of their success in Kabul (OEF 2001) and in Bagdad (OIF 2003). Nevertheless, he is critical of the political decisions which resulted in a lost peace and two long and merciless asymmetric wars and which provoked a vicious circle between terrorist attacks, the Western War on Global Terror and the terrorists’ vengeance (namely Madrid 2004 and London 2005). At the same time, the author is very critical of the brutality of the attacks against civilian population during the two Russian Wars in Chechnya which touched a genocidal dimension.
The last part of the chapter analyzes the changes of the American foreign and security policy imposed by its 44th president. Eichler appreciates the coherency between Barack Obama’s 2008 program and his concrete steps, especially the move from the militarist version of the Global War on Terror (GWOT) toward the long-term emphasis on the political solutions and instruments. At the same time, the author does not hide his respect for Obama’s other initiatives at the beginning of his first mandate: New START 2010 and the demilitarization of Doctrinal Thinking (NSS 2010, NPR 2010, and Nuclear Security Summit 2010). The chapter concludes by the balance of the concept of “leading from behind” during the Operation Odyssey Dawn 2011.
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Eichler, J. (2017). From the End of the Cold War to the End of the Global War on Terror. In: War, Peace and International Security. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-60151-3_4
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