Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Famous and (Infamous) Workplace and Community Training pp 15–38Cite as

Palgrave Macmillan

What Is Training?

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

  • 762 Accesses

Abstract

In the introductory chapter of this book, the construct of training is defined and the concept of training is explored in more depth, including a brief chronology. While the term “training” is utilized throughout the book, this chapter underscores that a unified definition for “training” remains elusive—that is, meanings tend to vary depending upon the given goals and objectives, and, as it relates to this book, the nature of the training will be a function of the context and purpose of the training itself. Some in the field contend that—semantics aside—training means “training and development.” Others in the field not only refuse to define training, but also claim that it defies definition entirely. Thus, in the spirit of a social science, when it comes to training people, training’s definition does vary depending on who you ask.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD   99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Agbettor, E. O. (2013, March 3). Attaining competitive advantage through human capital management. Article. HR Focus, p. 23. Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA326660083&v=2.1&u=miam50083&it=r&p=AONE&sw=w

  • Allen, C. R. (1922). The foreman and his job; A handbook for foremen and for leaders of foremen’s conferences. Philadelphia/London: J. B. Lippincott Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen, C. R., & Klinefelter, C. F. (1938). The training of foreman conference leaders; Suggestions as to methods to be followed and types of subject matter recommended by a committee of experienced conference leaders. Reprinted 1938 … United States Department of the Interior, Harold L. Ickes, Secretary. Office of education, J. W. Studebaker, Commissioner. Washington, DC: U. S. Govt. print. off.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aswathappa, A. (2006). International business (2nd ed.). New York: Tata McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Auluck, R. K. (2011). The changing role, functions and status of the HRD/training function in UK public sector organisations. U567556 Ph.D., University of Warwick (United Kingdom), England. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.barry.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1033192645?accountid=27715

  • Becker, G. S. (1962). Investment in human capital: A theoretical analysis. The Journal of Political Economy, 70(5), 9–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bedwell, W. L. (2010). Computer-based training: Capitalizing on lessons learned. International Journal of Training and Development, 14(3), 239–249.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bertolet, C. E. (2016). Chaucer, Gower, Hoccleve and the commercial practices of late fourteenth-century. London: Taylor & Francis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Betsi, H. E. (2006). Service with a smile. Industrial Engineer, 38(8), 40–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Biech, E. (2011). Training for dummies. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bingham, T., & Conner, M. L. (2010). The new social learning: A guide to transforming organizations through social media. Alexandria, VA: ASTD Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blake, R. (1995). Memories of HRD. Training and Development, 49(3), 22–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bloom, B. S. (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives handbook: The cognitive domain. New York: David McKay Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blundell, W. R. C. (1990). Prescription for the ‘90s: The boundary-less company. Business Quarterly (1986–1998), 55(2), 71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bray, T. (2009). The training design manual: The complete practical guide to creating effective and successful training programmes. London: Kogan Page.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, B. A., Coff, R., & Kryscynski, D. (2012). Rethinking sustained competitive advantage from human capital. Academy of Management Review, 37(3), 376–395.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cappelli, P. (2012). Why good people can’t get jobs. Philadephia: Wharton Digital Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chiu, W., Thompson, D., Mak, W.-m., & Lo, K. L. (1999). Re-thinking training needs analysis: A proposed framework for literature review. Personnel Review, 28(1), 77–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Craig, R. L. (Ed.). (1987). Training and development handbook: A guide to human resource development (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dinero, D. A. (2016). TWI case studies: Standard work, continuous improvement, and teamwork. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dirkx, J. M. (Ed.). (2005). To develop a firm persuasion: Workplace learning and the problem of meaning. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dodd, A., & Rice, J. (1942). How to train workers for war industries. New York: American Management Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dooley, C. R. (2001). The training within industry report 1940–1945. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 3(May), 127–289.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Drucker, P. F. (1999). Knowledge-worker productivity: The biggest challenge. California Management Review, 41(2), 79–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Esposito, R., Kraenzel, C. J., Pepin, C. G., & Stein, A. I. (2011). The new workplace: Are you ready? How to capture business value. Retrieved from Somers, NY. https://www-935.ibm.com/services/be/en/attachments/pdf/The_new_workplace_-_are_you_ready.pdf

  • Estep, T. (2008). The evolution of the training profession. In E. Biech (Ed.), ASTD hand book for workplace learning professionals (pp. 9–32). Alexandira, VA: American Society for Training & Development.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fleming, P., Gallichan, G., & Lamonde, Y. (2005). History of the book in Canada: 1840–1918. Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garavan, T. N., Gunnigle, P., & Morley, M. (2000). Contemporary HRD research: A triarchy of theoretical perspectives and their prescriptions for HRD. Journal of European Industrial Training, 24(2), 65–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, I. L. (1989). In I. L. Goldstein and Associates (Eds.), Training and development in organizations. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gorelick, C., Milton, N., & April, K. (2004). Performance through learning: Knowledge management in practice. Oxford, UK: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Griffiths, D. A., & Koukpaki, S. (2012). Societal HRD and societal competitive advantage. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 14(3), 318–332. doi:10.1177/1523422312446058.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guglielmino, L. M. (1977). Development of the self-directed learning readiness scale. Dissertation. Ann Arbor, MI: Proquest.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guile, B. R., & Brooks, H. (Eds.). (1987). Technology and global industry: Companies and nations in the world economy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1980). Work redesign. Boston: Addison-Wesley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hatch, N. W., & Dyer, J. H. (2004). Human capital and learning as a source of sustainable competitive advantage. Strategic Management Journal, 25(12), 1155–1178. doi:10.1002/smj.421.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hatcher, T. (2003). World views that inhibit HRD’s social responsibility. In M. Lee (Ed.), HRD in a complex world (pp. 42–56). London: Routledge.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Hatcher, T. (2010). Ethics and HRD: A new approach to leading responsible organizations. Jaipur, India: Rawat Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herman, S. W. (2002). How work gains meaning in contractual time: A narrative model for reconstructing the work ethic. Journal of Business Ethics, 38(1/2), 65–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Higham, R. D. S., & Showalter, D. E. (2003). Researching world war I: A handbook. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joseph, R. M. (1998). The services industry in the ‘good’ versus ‘bad’ jobs debate. Monthly Labor Review, 121(2), 22–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khan, J., & Saverall, W. C. (1993). Human resource development in the public sector: A developing-country experience. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 6(1), 48–58. doi:10.1108/09513559310023617.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, N. (2012). Toward the use of human resource development for societal development: Issues, challenges, and opportunities. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 14(3), 345–354.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kincheloe, J. L. (1999). How do we tell the workers?: The socioeconomic foundations of work and vocational education. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • King, D. (1964). Training within the organization. London: Tavistock Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirkpatrick, D. L. (2009). Evaluating training programs: The four levels. Alexandria, VA: ASTD press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knowles, M. (1975). Self-directed learning: A guide for learners and teachers. New York: Association Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kopp, D. M. (2006). Trainer self-loathing? Human Resource Development Quarterly, 17(3), 351–357.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kopp, D. M. (2014). HRD: Performance through learning. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kopp, D. M., & Desiderio, K. P. (2009). Training’s woeful countenance. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 20(1), 135–142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuchinke, K. (2010). Human development as a central goal for human resource development. Human Resource Development International, 13(5), 575–585. doi:10.1080/13678868.2010.520482.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lancaster, F., & Birmingham, E. (1922). Fourth estate: A weekly newspaper for publishers, advertisers, advertising agents and allied interests. London: 4th Estate Publishing Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, M. (2001). A refusal to define HRD. Human Resource Development International, 4(1), 327–341.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malonis, J. A. (2000). Training and development. Retrieved from Encyclopedia of Business website: http://www.enotes.com/training-and-development-reference

  • Mayo, E. (1949). Hawthorne and the western electric company. In The social problems of an industrial civilization. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayo, G. D., & DuBois, P. H. (1987). The complete book of training: Theory, principles, and techniques. San Diego, CA: University Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCord, B. (1976). Job instruction. In R. L. C. L. R. Bittel (Ed.), Training and development handbook. New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meier, A., & Stormer, H. (2009). EBusiness & eCommerce [electronic resource]: Managing the digital value chain. Berlin, Germany: Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Nadler, L., & Nadler, Z. (Eds.). (1990). The handbook of human resource development (2nd ed.). New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Naik, G. P. (2007). Training & development. Canoga Park, CA: Excel Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • NCREL. (2011). E-learning: Putting a world-class education at the fingertips of all children: The national educational technology plan. Collingdale, PA: Diane Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Leary, C. J., Straits, R. A., & Wandner, S. A. (2004). Job training policy in the United States. Kalamazoo, MI: W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • O’Toole, S. (2010). Training, L&D, OD, HRD-what’s in a name? Australian Journal of Adult Learning, 50(2), 419–426.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, J. (1991). Handbook of training evaluation and measurement methods (2nd ed.). Houston, TX: Gulf Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Porter, M. E. (2008). Competitive advantage: Creating and sustaining superior performance. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raggatt, P., & Unwin, L. (2013). Change and intervention: Vocational education and training. London: Taylor & Francis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Remtulla, K. A. (2008). A social theory perspective on e-learning. Learning Inquiry, 2(2), 139–149. doi:10.1007/s11519-008-0032-6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, W. I. (2002). Remapping development in light of globalisation: From a territorial to a social cartography. Third World Quarterly, 23(6), 1047–1071.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roethlisberger, F., & Dickson, W. (1939). Management and the worker: An account of a research program conducted by the Western Electric Company, Hawthorne Works, Chicago. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rollinger, R. D. (2013). Husserl’s position in the school of Brentano. Houten, The Netherlands: Springer Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rothwell, W. J. (2005). Beyond training and development: The groundbreaking classic on human performance enhancement. New York: American Management Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rothwell, W. J., & Kazanas, H. C. (2004). Improving on-the-job training: How to establish and operate a comprehensive OJT program. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rytina, N. F. (1982). Occupational changes and tenure. Monthly Labor Review, 105(9), 29–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sapru, R. K. (2008). Administrative theories and management thought (2nd ed.). Jakur, India: Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schiller, M. R., Miller-Kovach, K., & Miller, M. A. (1994). Total quality management for hospital nutrition services. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett.

    Google Scholar 

  • Senge, P. (1998). Leading learning organizations. In F. Hesselbein, M. Goldsmith, & R. Beckhard (Eds.), The leader of the future (pp. 41–57). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Senge, P. M. (1990). The fifth discipline. The art and practice of the learning organization. New York: Doubleday.

    Google Scholar 

  • Senge, P. M. (2010). The fifth discipline: The art and practice of the learning organization (1st ed.). New York: Random House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma, S. R. (1994). Vocational education and training: History, methodology, issues and perspective. Delhi, India: Mittal.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, M. (2013). Talent management by capacity building of the employees. International Journal of Knowledge and Research in Management and E-Commerce, 2(4), 1–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sleight, D. A. (1993). A developmental history of training in the united states and europe. Non-peer reviewed paper. Office of Medical Education Research and Development. Lansing, MI: Michigan State University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steinmetz, C. S. (1976). The history of training. In R. L. Craig (Ed.), Training and development handbook: A guide to human resource development (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, J., & Sambrook, S. (2012). The historical development of human resource development in the United Kingdom. Human Resource Development Review, 11(4), 443–462. doi:10.1177/1534484312454118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stolz, I. (2012). In order to stay relevant: OD and HRD for corporate citizenship. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 14(3), 291–304.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, F. W. (1911). The principles of scientific management. New York: Harper and Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tolbert, C. M. (1980). Occupational mobility in a dual economy. Atlanta, GA: University of Georgia (8023183).

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations. (2007). Industrial development for the 21st century: Sustainable development perspectives. New York: United Nations.

    Google Scholar 

  • Usher, A. (1920). An introduction to the industrial history of England. New York: Houghton Mifflin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weatherly, L. A. (2003). Human capital—The elusive asset measuring and managing human capital: A strategic imperative for HR. Retrieved from http://www.hannonassoc.com/documents/SHRMHumanCapital.pdf

  • Werner, J. M., & DeSimone, R. L. (2008). Human resource development (5th ed.). Boston: South Western College.

    Google Scholar 

  • Werner, J. M., & DeSimone, R. L. (2011). Human resource development. Boston: Cengage Learning.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wlodkowski, R. (2008). Enhancing adult motivation to learn: A guide to improving instruction and increasing learner achievement (3rd ed.). Menlo Park, CA: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Barry University, Miami, FL, USA

    David M. Kopp

Authors
  1. David M. Kopp
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to David M. Kopp .

Copyright information

© 2018 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kopp, D.M. (2018). What Is Training?. In: Famous and (Infamous) Workplace and Community Training. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59753-3_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation