Economic Impact Assessment on Low-Carbon Investment in Renewable Energy in Yokohama, Japan

Abstract

This chapter examines the economic impact of low-carbon investment on renewable energy sectors in Yokohama via an input–output analysis. The renewable energy sector is aggregated into five detailed categories: solar photovoltaics (PV) residence, solar PV non-residence, hydropower, wind, and other (biomass and others). Two main findings are presented. First, the electricity, wind, and solar PV sectors are backward-oriented sectors that generate indirect effects with other sectors along the supply chain. Second, the simulation scenarios on low-carbon investment in renewable energy sectors in Yokohama from 2006 to 2011 revealed positive economic impacts with regard to increasing economic outputs in Yokohama.

Appendix: Sector Classifications

No.	Sector classifications
1	Agriculture
2	Forestry
3	Fishing
4	Mining
5	Beverages, food, and tobacco
6	Textile products
7	Pulp, paper and wood products
8	Chemical fertilizers
9	Industrial soda chemicals
10	Other inorganic industrial chemicals
11	Basic petrochemical products and organic chemical products
12	Synthetic resins, fibres and medicaments
13	Final chemical products
14	Petroleum and coal products
15	Miscellaneous manufacturing products, with the exception of reuse and recycling
16	Ceramic, stone, and clay products
17	Iron and steel
18	Non-ferrous metals
19	Metal products
20	Boilers
21	Turbines
22	Engines
23	Conveyors
24	Refrigerators and air conditioning apparatuses
25	Pumps and compressors
26	Other general industrial machinery and equipment
27	Special industrial machinery, with the exception of chemical machinery
28	Chemical machinery
29	Other special machinery for industrial use, n.e.c.
30	Metal moulds
31	Bearings
32	Other general machines and parts
33	Machinery for the office and service industries, with the exception of other office machines
34	Other office machines
35	Electrical machinery
36	Electronic information and communication equipment, with the exception of radios and television sets
37	Electronic components
38	Cars or vehicles
39	Motor vehicle bodies and accessories
40	Internal combustion engines for motor vehicles and parts
41	Transportation equipment
42	Precision instruments
43	Reuse and recycling
44	Building construction
45	Construction repair
46	Public construction of rivers, drainage systems, and other systems
47	Public constructions, with the exception of the public construction of rivers, drainage systems, and other systems
48	Railway construction
49	Electric power facility construction (thermal power)
50	Electric power facility construction (hydro power)
51	Electric power facility construction (solar PV – residence)
52	Electric power facility construction (solar PV – non-residence)
53	Electric power facility construction (wind power)
54	Electric power facility construction (biomass and others)
55	Telecommunication facility construction
56	Other forms of civil engineering and construction
57	Electricity (thermal power)
58	Electricity (hydro power)
59	Electricity (solar PV residence)
60	Electricity (solar PV non-residence)
61	Electricity (wind)
62	Electricity (biomass and others)
63	Gas and heat supply
64	Water supply
65	Waste disposal
66	Commerce
67	Financial services
68	Insurance
69	Real estate
70	Transport
71	Information and communications
72	Public administration
73	Education and research
74	Medical services, health, social security, and nursing care
75	Other public services
76	Business services
77	Other business services
78	Personal services and office supplies
79	Activities not classified elsewhere

1. Source: classified from Japanese 2005 input output table