Advertisement

“Needed but Undeserving”: Contestations of Entitlement in the Danish Policy Framework on Migration and Integration

  • Martin Bak Jørgensen
  • Trine Lund Thomsen
Chapter
First Online:
Part of the Palgrave Studies in European Political Sociology book series (PSEPS)

Abstract

This chapter investigates how entitlement is being narratively framed through contestations and negotiations in the policy regimes on labour migration. The chapter focuses particularly on the case of Denmark. It has been argued that the Nordic welfare states can be characterised as expressions of a universal welfare state; however, when it comes to the Nordic immigration regimes, there is less similarity. Contrary to studies emphasising the role of right-wing populist parties, our claim is that we find a decreasing level of contestation among the political parties and increasing support of welfare chauvinism. Furthermore, the chapter argues that we have seen an increased culturalisation becoming the basis for entitlement and access and thus creating new stratifications of exclusion and inclusion.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

References

  1. Ali, T. (2015). The Extreme Centre: A Warning. London: Verso Books.Google Scholar
  2. Anderson, B. (2013). Us and Them? The Dangerous Politics of Immigration Controls. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. Bach, H. B., & Larsen, B. (2008). 300-timers-reglen. Betydningen af 300-timers-reglen for gifte kontanthjælpsmodtagere. København: SFI.Google Scholar
  4. Bengtsson, N. M. (2014, October 20). Fremmedhadet er blevet så almindeligt, at vi ikke bemærker det. Information.Google Scholar
  5. Breidahl, K. N. (2012). Når staten lærer—En historisk og komparativ analyse af statslig policy læring og betydningen heraf for udviklingen i den arbejdsmarkedsrettede del af indvandrerpolitikken i Sverige, Norge og Danmark fra 1970 til 2011. Ph.d.-afhandling, maj 2012 CCWS, Institut for Statskundskab, Aalborg Universitet.Google Scholar
  6. Brochmann, G., & Hagelund, A. (2011). Migrants in the Scandinavian Welfare State. Nordic Journal of Migration Research, 1(1), 13–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. Dahl, R. A. (1989). Democracy and Its Critics. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
  9. Danish Electoral Studies. (1994–2011). http://www.valgprojektet.dk/default.asp?l=eng
  10. DR. (2013, May 5). Flere asylansøgere end de sidste 10 år.Google Scholar
  11. Ejrnæs, M. (2001). Integrationsloven—en case der illustrerer etniske minoriteters usikre medborgerskab. AMID Working Paper Series 1/2001.Google Scholar
  12. Enhedslisten. (2013). Stop Social Dumping. Retrieved from http://enhedslisten.dk/valg-socialdumping
  13. Fagbladet 3F. (2012, December 20). Firmaer fyrer danskere og hyrer østarbejdere.Google Scholar
  14. Fischer, F. (2003). Reframing Public Policy: Discursive Policies and Deliberative Practices. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. Andersen, J. G. (2007). Restricting Access to Social Protection for Immigrants in the Danish Welfare State. Benefits, 15(3), 257–269.Google Scholar
  16. Green-Pedersen, C., & Krogstrup, J. (2008). Immigration as a Political Issue in Denmark and Sweden. European Journal of Political Research, 47(5), 610–634.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. Hedetoft, U. (2006). More Than Kin, Less than Kind: The Danish Politics of Ethnic Consensus and the Pluricultural Challenge. In J. L. Canpbell, J. A. Hall, & O. K. Pedersen (Eds.), National Identity and the Varieties of Capitalism: The Danish Experience (pp. 398–430). Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press.Google Scholar
  18. Information. (2013). Nu får vi alligevel ikke at vide, hvad indvandringen koster, 17 January 2013: 6.Google Scholar
  19. Jones, M. D., & McBeth, M. K. (2010). A Narrative Policy Framework: Clear Enough to be Wrong? Policy Studies Journal, 37(1), 37–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. Joppke, C. (1999). Immigration and the Nation-State: The United States, Germany, and Great Britain. Oxford: Clarendon Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. Jyllands Posten. (2012, December 12). Debat: Flygtningene strømmer til.Google Scholar
  22. Jønsson, H. V., & Petersen, K. (2012). Denmark: A National Welfare State Meets the World. In G. Brochmann & A. Hagelund (Eds.), Immigration Policy and the Scandinavian Welfare State 1945–2010 (pp. 97–148). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
  23. Jørgensen, M. B. (2009). National and Transnational Identities: Turkish Organising Processes and Identity Construction in Denmark, Sweden and Germany. Ph.D. Dissertation. 434 p. AMID/SPIRIT: Aalborg University.Google Scholar
  24. Jørgensen, M. B. (2012). The Institutional Dynamics of Integration Policy-Making on City Level. International Migration Review, 46(1), 244–278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  25. Jørgensen, M. B., & Emerek, R. (2014). Ethnic Minorities Among Other Minorities: A Disfavoured Group in Danish Society? In P. Van Aerschot & P. Daenzer (Eds.), The Integration and Protection of Immigrants: Canadian and Scandinavian Critiques. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing.Google Scholar
  26. Jørgensen, M. B., & Meret, S. (2010). Irregular Migration from a Comparative Scandinavian Migration Policy Perspective. In T. L. Thomsen, M. B. Jørgensen, & S. Meret (Eds.), Irregular Migration in a Scandinavian Perspective (pp. 121–152). Maastricht: Shaker Publishers.Google Scholar
  27. Jørgensen, M. B., & Meret, S. (2012). Framing Scandinavian Conceptualizations of Irregular Migration. Nordic Journal of Migration Research, 2(4), 289–297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  28. Jørgensen, M. B., & Thomsen, T. L. (2013a). Crises Now and Then—Comparing Integration Policy Frameworks and Immigrant Target Groups in Denmark in the 1970s and 2000s. Journal of International Migration and Integration, 14(2), 245–262.Google Scholar
  29. Jørgensen, M. B., & Thomsen, T. L. (2013b). Needed but Undeserving—Revisiting the Liberal Paradox. Recode. Retrieved from http://www.recode.info/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Final-RECODE-32-j%C3%B8rgensen-and-thomsen_Final_fin.pdf
  30. Jørgensen, M. B., & Thomsen, T. L. (2016). Deservingness in the Danish Context: Welfare Chauvinism in Times of Crisis. Critical Social Policy, 36(3), 330–351.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  31. Keskinen, S., Norocel, O. C., & Jørgensen, M. B. (2016). The Politics and Policies of Welfare Chauvinism Under the Economic Crisis. Critical Social Policy, 36(3), 321–329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  32. McComas, K., & Shanahan, J. (1999). Telling Stories About Global Climate Change: Measuring the Impact of Narratives on Issue Cycle. Communication Research, 26(1), 30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  33. Ministergruppen for bedre integration. (2003). Regeringens vision og strategi for bedre integration.Google Scholar
  34. Mouritzen, P., & Olsen, T. V. (2013). Denmark Between Liberalism and Nationalism. Kloge udlændinge bliver overset. Politiken. Retrieved February 15, 2012, from http://politiken.dk/indland/ECE1540501/kloge-udlaendinge-bliver-overset
  35. Politiken. (2012, February 15). Kloge udlændinge bliver overset. Retrieved from http://politiken.dk/indland/art5056004/Kloge-udl%C3%A6ndinge-bliver-overset
  36. Regeringen. (2002). En ny udlændingepolitik. København: Statsministeriet.Google Scholar
  37. Regeringen. (2005). En ny chance til alle—regeringens integrationsplan.Google Scholar
  38. Regeringen. (2010a). Aftale mellem regeringen og Dansk Folkeparti, 15. marts 2010: Nye regler for at få permanent opholdstilladelse og serviceeftersyn af udlændinge- og integrationspolitikken. København.Google Scholar
  39. Regeringen. (2010b). Nye tider. Nye krav. København.Google Scholar
  40. Regeringen. (2012). En styrket integrationspolitik.Google Scholar
  41. Sainsbury, D. (2012). Welfare States and Immigrant Rights: The Politics of Inclusion and Exclusion. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  42. Schneider, A. L., & Ingram, H. (2005). Introduction: Public Policy and the Social Construction of Deservedness. In A. Schneider & H. Ingram (Eds.), Deserving and Entitled: Social Constructions and Public Policy (pp. 1–28). Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
  43. Schneider, A. L., & Ingram, H. (1997). Policy Design for Democracy. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas.Google Scholar
  44. Shanahan, E. A., Jones, M. D., & McBeth, M. K. (2011). Policy Narratives and Policy Processes. Policy Studies Journal, 39(3), 535–561.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  45. Socialdemokraterne. (2015). Socialdemokraternes forslag til et bredt samarbejdeom Danmarks udlændingepolitik. Vi skal kunne følge med.Google Scholar
  46. Stone, D. (2002). Policy Paradox: The Art of Political Decision Making. New York: W.W. Norton.Google Scholar
  48. Ugebrevet A4. (2012, May 25). Hver sjette indvandrer arbejdsløs efter krisen. Ugebrevet A4.Google Scholar
  49. Van Oorschot, W., & Uunk, W. (2007). Welfare Spending and the Public’s Concern for Immigrants: Multilevel Evidence from Eighteen European Countries. Comparative Politics, 40(1), 63–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  50. Venstre. (2014). Et Danmark—For dem som kan og vil. København.Google Scholar

Copyright information

© The Author(s) 2018

Authors and Affiliations

  • Martin Bak Jørgensen
    • 1
  • Trine Lund Thomsen
    • 1
  1. 1.Aalborg UniversityAalborgDenmark

Personalised recommendations

Cite chapter

Buy options