Abstract
Although Prime Minister Attlee and Chancellor Gaitskell had given Makins’ proposal their blessing in August of 1951, the incumbent Labour Party (of which Attlee and Gaitskell were a part) lost its slim majority merely 2 months later in the October election. For any public announcement about the Scholarship, the proposal would need new Cabinet approval under Churchill’s Conservative government.
Makins understood the exigencies of the legislative and political process. He worried that if too much time were to transpire after Marshall Aid, British politicians would be less likely to pass a bill awarding scholarships in its honor. He wanted the scheme announced publicly before the summer recess, and he was insistent that it happen before a change of administration in the USA, which was holding an election on 4 November 1952.
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1. Notes from meeting between Makins, Barclay, et al., The National Archives, FO 371/97650, 7 May 1952.
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2. Record of meeting between Makins, Hetherington, and Hale, The National Archives, FO 371/91013, 27 September 1951.
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3. Makins to Eden, Papers of Lord Sherfield, Bodleian Library Department of Special Collections and Western Manuscripts, Oxford University, E.4.2a (Official Correspondence and Papers, 1952-6) MS. Sherfield 525 (Official Correspondence 1953-6), 9 January 1953.
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4. “We shall not allow ourselves to be isolated.” Reproduced by John Woolley and Gerhard Peters, “The American Presidency Project: Republican Party Platform of 1952,” University of California – Santa Barbara, 7 July 1952 (original), Accessed May 2014, Available: http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid = 25837.
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5. Cecil, The National Archives, FO 371/97651, 29 July 1952.
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6. “European Recovery Program (Marshall Scholarships),” House of Commons, Hansard, 31 July 1952.
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7. “U.S. Expresses Gratitude for Marshall Scholarships,” United States Information Service Daily Wireless Bulletin No. 1939, found in FO 371/97651, 1 August 1952.
- 8.
8. Cabinet Meeting Conclusions, The National Archives, CAB 128/25/21, 22 July 1952.
- 9.
9. Cherwell to Eden, The National Archives, FO 371/97651, 1 August 1952.
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10. Cabinet Meeting Conclusions, The National Archives, CAB 128/25/26, 7 August 1952.
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11. Diana B. Elliott et al, “Historical Marriage Trends from 1890-2010,” presented at the Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America, San Francisco, CA, May 3-5, 2012, American Community Survey Data on Marriage and Divorce, U.S. Census Bureau, Department of Commerce, Accessed May 2014, Available: https://www.census.gov/hhes/socdemo/marriage/data/acs/ElliottetalPAA2012figs.pdf.
- 12.
12. Notes from Cabinet Meeting, The National Archives, CAB 195/10/89, 7 August 1952.
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13. Wrote Eden: “[The] conclusion was reached that the status of women and married men at Universities had changed since Mr. Rhodes’ will was made and that it would now be difficult to justify their exclusion.” Cabinet Memorandum, CAB 129/54/15, 28 July 1952.
- 14.
14. Quotes Aydelotte. Eden to Cherwell, The National Archives, FO 371/97651, 6 August 1952.
- 15.
15. Notes from Cabinet Meeting, The National Archives, CAB 195/10/89, 7 August 1952.
- 16.
16. “Give no more money,” Lord Cherwell said in the first cabinet discussion. Notes from Cabinet Meeting, The National Archives, CAB 195/10/84, 22 July 1952.
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17. Franks to Makins, The National Archives, T 220/1195, 14 July 1952.
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18. Neal Stanford, “Marshall Scholars,” The Christian Science Monitor, 18 January 1960.
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19. Makins to Sir (Edwin) Alan Hitchman (Treasury), The National Archives, FO 371/91013, 19 April 1951.
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20. Playfair to Hale, The National Archives, FO 371/91013, 4 June 1951.
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21. See: Sir (Philip) Stuart Milner-Barry (Treasury) to O. Williams (Treasury) The National Archives, T 220/1195, 14 July 1952.
- 22.
22. Memo by R. Pimley (Treasury) “C. (52) 244,” The National Archives, T 220/1195, 21 July 1952.
- 23.
23. Williams to Rigby (Treasury), The National Archives, T 220/1195, 27 April 1953.
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24. Eden to Harry Frederick Comfort Crookshank (MP and House of Commons), The National Archives, FO 924/1028, 9 March 1953.
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25. This process has since changed. Today, candidates are selected and notified annually in November by selection committees in 8 different regions (Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco, Washington, DC). Selections are later confirmed by the MACC. For more information, see: “Marshall Scholarships,” Marshall Aid Commemoration Commission, Available: http://www.marshallscholarship.org/.
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26. “Proposed Arrangements for the Administration of the Marshall Scholarship Scheme: United States No. 2 (1953) Cmd 8846,” Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1953, contained in The National Archives, FO 924/1028, 1953.
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27. Today the position of Executive Secretary to the MACC is held by the Deputy Secretary-General of the ACU, John Kirkland.
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28. Charles Morris, the Chair of the CVCP, and Philip Morris, the Vice-Chair of the Association of Universities of the British Commonwealth, were appointed ex-officio members of the MACC.
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Mukharji, A. (2016). Command 8846. In: Diplomas and Diplomacy. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-58653-7_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-58653-7_7
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