Abstract
Although Roy Allen was officially a member of the Statistics Department at LSE, he made many important contributions to economic theory in the 1930s, including joint articles with John Hicks. He became a Fellow of the Econometric Society in 1935 and taught courses in econometrics at LSE from 1935 to 1940 and again in 1947 and 1948. His 1938 Mathematical Analysis for Economists remained the standard text well into the 1960s, and he wrote important textbooks in economics. Allen also had an important input into public service through his membership of public commissions and other activities, for which he was rewarded with a CBE, an OBE and a knighthood.
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Notes
- 1.
Cairncross (1984: 379) reports that Allen rejected ‘all offers from elsewhere however tempting, including a Chair at Oxford (“far too parochial to suit me”) and the Mastership of a Cambridge college. When presented to the Queen at a British Academy reception, he was asked by Her Majesty why he had stayed so long in one place and replied with his usual quiet modesty: “If one happens to be in the best place, why should one move?”’.
- 2.
The ½p coin remained in circulation until 1984, by which time inflation had sufficiently reduced its value for it to be taken out of circulation.
- 3.
Professor William Baxter, a colleague and friend of Roy Allen, delivered one of the tributes at the Memorial Meeting. In his address, he said: ‘Roy liked the Senior Common Room, and often joined in its discussions. I remember something he said that may still have interest. In the ‘sixties, he was on the committee that planned the switch to decimal currency. One day he came in with—unusual for him—a look of some disappointment. He said that the government had misled the committee into adopting as the base unit of the new scheme the pound. The committee would have preferred the half-pound (and, as experience in South Africa and elsewhere has shown, 10 shillings was indeed a simpler unit)’ (LSE 1984: 1).
- 4.
I can vouch for this from the comments I received from my tutees and from my own experience as a student.
- 5.
To avoid duplication, Allen’s econometric involvement with the Cowles Commission and the Econometric Society is presented in Chapter 1 of this volume.
- 6.
The development of courses on econometrics at LSE is considered in more detail in Chapter 1 of this volume on ‘LSE and Econometrics’.
- 7.
Although Allen was officially a statistician, he had a strong interest in economics and attended the famous Robbins seminar in the 1930s (see Howson 2011: 250–252). This close connection continued, and in discussing the strengths of the Economics Department in the 1950s, Robbins included among the assets ‘R.G.D. Allen, now Professor of Statistics, virtually a member of the department in his capacity of mathematical economist’ (Robbins 1971: 218). The one exception to the run of articles on economic theory was ‘The Assumptions of Linear Regression’ (Allen 1939), which contained an algebraic analysis of an ‘errors-in-variables’ model with two variables.
- 8.
In referring to this article in the Introduction to the volume, Hicks wrote: ‘This appeared in two parts, one of them being signed by me the other by my collaborator; but, as was explained, this did not properly represent the division of the work between us. He [Allen] has agreed, this being so, that both parts should appear here’ (Hicks 1981: xii). The importance of these two articles will not be explored further here to avoid duplicating material in the chapter on Hicks in this volume.
- 9.
- 10.
Brinley Thomas was one of the young economists at LSE who sided with Keynes in the Keynes versus Hayek controversy and claimed to have suffered as a result: ‘The ruling powers were passionate believers in freedom, and this included freedom to adjust the constraints within which freedom was exercised by the non-favorites. The main type of adjustment was the postponement of tenure. In my own case I did not receive tenure until, on the advice of Sir Alexander Carr-Saunders [then Director of LSE], I moved from monetary theory to migration and economic growth’ (Thomas 1991: 390).
- 11.
One reviewer compared Allen’s book with Bowley’s Mathematical Groundwork of Economics (Bowley 1924) and was ‘struck immediately with the greatly extended use of mathematics that has taken place in the fourteen years between the two publications. For Bowley a short account of the elements of the differential calculus with applications to extreme values and the development of functions sufficed. With Allen we find, in addition to a great deal of quite elementary work, a fairly full account of the calculus, including a treatment of differentials, and also some account of differential equations, determinants and quadratic forms, and the calculus of variations’ (Belz 1938: 269). There were also reviews by Davis (1939), Hicks (1939), Hotelling (1939), Schneider (1938), Tintner (1938), Tintner (1939), in which he states that ‘Mr. Allen is one of the most prominent young English economists and statisticians, and he has himself made very important contributions to economic theory which he has partly incorporated in his treatise’ (ibid.: 272), and Yntema (1940).
- 12.
Arnold Tustin was an electrical engineer with wide interests, and in the book under review, he showed how a wide range of economic models could be represented by closed-loop systems. At the time he was writing the book, he was Professor of Electrical Engineering at Birmingham University and he acknowledged getting feedback on the text from his colleagues, Frank Hahn and Terence Gorman.
- 13.
Chapter 16 on ‘British Colonies and Dependencies’ contains data on many of the world’s tax havens, but as information on the capital account is not considered in the book, it has little of interest to offer the modern reader. For reviews, see Adler (1954), Kindleberger (1954), Makower (1955) and Morgenstern (1955).
- 14.
- 15.
See Phillips (1954a, 1956, 1957). Phillips reviewed Tustin’s book (see Phillips 1954b). Both Tustin and Phillips agreed that analogue models would help to deal with nonlinearities in economic systems, but whereas Tustin’s analogue models were electrical circuits, Phillips developed the Phillips Machine, in which coloured water flowing through tubes was used to show the workings of an economy (see Phillips 1950), which had more visual appeal than electrical circuits to economists. For a full discussion of Phillips’s work, see Chapter 23 in this volume.
- 16.
- 17.
See McKenzie (1998) for a discussion of the turnpike theorem.
- 18.
References
Main Works by R.G.D. Allen
Allen, R.G.D. (1932a). ‘The Foundations of a Mathematical Theory of Exchange’. Economica, 36(May): 197–226.
Allen, R.G.D. (1932b). ‘Decreasing Costs: A Mathematical Note’. Economic Journal, 42(166): 323–326.
Allen, R.G.D. (1934a). ‘The Nature of Indifference Curves’. Review of Economic Studies, 1(2): 110–121.
Allen, R.G.D. (1934b). ‘A Comparison between Different Definitions of Complementary and Competition Goods’. Econometrica, 2(2): 168–175.
Allen, R.G.D. (1934c). ‘A Critical Examination of Professor Pigou’s Method of Deriving Demand Elasticity’. Econometrica, 2(3): 249–257.
Allen, R.G.D. (1935a). ‘A Note on the Determinateness of the Utility Function’. Review of Economic Studies, 2(2): 155–158.
Allen, R.G.D. (1935b). ‘Some Observations on the Theory and Practice of Price Index Numbers’. Review of Economic Studies, 3(1): 57–66.
Allen, R.G.D. (1936). ‘Professor Slutsky’s Theory of Consumers’ Choice’. Review of Economic Studies, 3(2): 120–129.
Allen, R.G.D. (1938). Mathematical Analysis for Economists. London: Macmillan.
Allen, R.G.D. (1939). ‘The Assumptions of Linear Regression’. Economica, New Series, 6(22): 191–201.
Allen, R.G.D. (1945). ‘Post-War Economic Policy in the U.S.’. Economic Journal, 55(217): 28–46.
Allen, R.G.D. (1946a). ‘US Plans for 60 Million Jobs’. London and Cambridge Economic Service Bulletin, 24(January): 10–15.
Allen, R.G.D. (1946b). ‘A Year of Reconversion’. London and Cambridge Economic Service Bulletin, 24(July): 73–77.
Allen, R.G.D. (1946c). ‘Mutual Aid between the US and the British Empire, 1941–45’. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 109(3): 243–271.
Allen, R.G.D. (1948a). ‘Retail Prices’. London and Cambridge Economic Service Bulletin, 26(February): 18–19.
Allen, R.G.D. (1948b). ‘Prices’. Britannica Book of the Year. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc.
Allen, R.G.D. (1949a). ‘Wholesale Prices, 1938-48’. Economic Journal, 59(234): 137–153.
Allen, R.G.D. (1949b). ‘The Economic Theory of Index Numbers’, Economica, New Series, 16(63): 197–203.
Allen, R.G.D. (1949c). ‘The Mathematical Foundations of Economic Theory’. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 63(1): 111–127.
Allen, R.G.D. (1949d). Statistics for Economists. London: Hutchinson.
Allen, R.G.D. (1950a). ‘Prices’. Britannica Book of the Year. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc.
Allen, R.G.D. (1950b). ‘The Substitution Effect in Value Theory’. Economic Journal, 60(240): 675–685.
Allen, R.G.D. (1951). ‘Official Papers: Statistics of the Balance of Payments’. Economic Journal, 61(241): 179–196.
Allen, R.G.D. (1952). ‘Index Numbers of Retail Prices 1938-51’. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series C (Applied Statistics), 1(2): 106–117.
Allen, R.G.D. (1953). ‘Index Numbers of Retail Prices’. The Incorporated Statistician, 4(1): 3–6.
Allen, R.G.D. (1954a). ‘Seasonal Variation in Retail Prices’. Economica, New Series, 21(81): 1–6.
Allen, R.G.D. (1954b). ‘Studies in National Income and Expenditure’. Economic Journal, 64(253): 124–129.
Allen, R.G.D. (1955). ‘The Engineer’s Approach to Economic Models’. Economica, New Series, 22(86): 158–168.
Allen, R.G.D. (1956a). ‘Population of British Universities in the 1960s: The Age-Group Bulge’. Nature, 177(4499): 115–116.
Allen, R.G.D. (1956b). ‘Official Economic Statistics’. Economica, New Series, 23(92): 360–365.
Allen, R.G.D. (1956c). Mathematical Economics. London: Macmillan.
Allen, R.G.D. (1957a). ‘On the Decline in the Value of Money’. Stamp Memorial Lecture. London: Athlone Press.
Allen, R.G.D. (1957b). ‘Changes in the Distribution of Higher Incomes’. Economica, New Series, 24(94): 138–153.
Allen, R.G.D. (1958a). ‘Movements in Retail Prices Since 1953’. Economica, New Series, 25(97): 14–25.
Allen, R.G.D. (1958b). ‘Income Distribution from Inland Revenue Data’. The Incorporated Statistician, 8(3): 103–107.
Allen, R.G.D. (1962) Basic Mathematics. London: Macmillan.
Allen, R.G.D. (1963). ‘Price Index Numbers’. Review of the International Statistical Institute, 31(3): 281–301.
Allen, R.G.D. (1964). ‘Sampling for Current Economic Statistics’, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A (General): 127(1): 76–88.
Allen, R.G.D. (1967). Macro-Economic Theory: A Mathematical Treatment. London: Macmillan.
Allen, R.G.D. (1970). ‘On Official Statistics and Official Statisticians’. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A (General): 133(4): 509–530.
Allen, R.G.D. (1972). ‘Inflation and Deflation’. Encyclopaedia Britannica. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc.
Allen, R.G.D. (1975). Index Numbers in Theory and Practice. London: Macmillan.
Allen, R.G.D. and A.L. Bowley (1935). Family Expenditure: A Study of its Variation. London: P.S. King & Son.
Allen, R.G.D. and J.E. Ely (1953). International Trade Statistics. New York: Wiley, and London: Chapman and Hall.
Allen, R.G.D. and E.J. Mishan (1965). ‘Is the Substitution Term Ambiguous?’. Economica, New Series, 32(126): 215–222.
Allen, R.G.D. and E.J. Mishan (1967). ‘Substitution Terms: A Comment’. Economica, New Series, 34(136): 431–432.
Allen, R.G.D. and B. Thomas (1937). ‘The London Building Industry and its Labour Recruitment through Employment Exchanges’. Economic Journal, 47(187): 465–482.
Allen, R.G.D. and B. Thomas (1939). ‘The Supply of Engineering Labour under Boom Conditions’. Economic Journal, 49(194): 259–275.
Hicks, J.R. and R.G.D. Allen (1934a). ‘A Reconsideration of the Theory of Value: Part I’. Economica, New Series, 1(1): 52–76.
Hicks, J.R. and R.G.D. Allen (1934b). ‘A Reconsideration of the Theory of Value: Part II’. Economica, New Series, 1(2): 196–219.
Other Works Referred To
Adler, S. (1954). ‘Review of International Trade Statistics, by R.G.D. Allen and J.E. Ely’. Economic Journal, 64(254): 378–379.
Ball, R.J. (1969). ‘Review of Macro-Economic Theory: A Mathematical Treatment, by R.G.D. Allen’. Economic Journal, 79(313): 123–124.
Baumol, W.J. (1957). ‘Review of Mathematical Economics, by R.G.D. Allen’. Economica, 24(96): 364–366.
Belz, M.H. (1938). ‘Review of Mathematical Analysis for Economics, by R.G.D. Allen’. Economic Record, 14(2): 269–271.
Bowley, A.L. (1924). The Mathematical Groundwork of Economics. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Cairncross, A. (1984). ‘Roy Allen 1906-1983’. Proceedings of the British Academy, 70: 379–385.
Carter, C.F. (1958). ‘Review of Mathematical Economics, by R.G.D. Allen’. Economic Journal, 68(269): 112–114.
Christ, C.F. (1958). ‘Review of Mathematical Economics, by R.G.D. Allen’. Journal of Farm Economics, 40(4): 971–974.
Davis, H.T. (1939). ‘Review of Mathematical Analysis for Economists, by R.G.D Allen’. National Mathematics Magazine, 14(1): 60–61.
De Menil, G. (1969). ‘Macro-Economic Theory: A Mathematical Treatment, by R.G.D. Allen’. Journal of Finance, 24(5): 973–975.
Dernburg, T. (1968). ‘Review of Macro-Economic Theory: A Mathematical Treatment, by R.G.D. Allen’. American Economic Review, 58(4): 972–973.
Fabian, T. (1958). ‘Review of Mathematical Economics, by R.G.D. Allen’. Operations Research, 6(6): 904–905.
Fisk, P.R. (1976). ‘Review of Index Numbers in Theory and Practice, by R.G.D Allen’. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A (General), 139(4): 553–554.
Folkerts-Landau, D. (1976). ‘Review of Index Numbers in Theory and Practice, by R.G.D. Allen and J.E. Ely’. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 71(355): 776.
Frisch, R. (1933). ‘Propagation Problems and Impulse Problems in Dynamic Economics’. In Economic Essays in Honour of Gustav Cassel. London: G. Allen & Unwin: 171–205.
Grebenik, E. (1984). ‘Roy George Douglas Allen 1906-1983’ Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A (General), 147(5): 706–707.
Harrod, R.F. (1930). ‘Notes on Supply’. Economic Journal, 40(158): 232–241.
Harrod, R.F. (1931). ‘The Law of Decreasing Costs’. Economic Journal, 41(164): 566–576.
Hicks, J.R. (1939). ‘Review of Mathematical Analysis for Economists, by R.G.D. Allen’. Economica, 6 (21): 92–94.
Hicks, J.R. (1981). Wealth and Welfare: Collected Essays on Economic Theory. Volume 1. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
HMSO (1953). Report of the Committee on the Taxicab Service. Cmnd. 8804. London: HMSO.
HMSO (1963). Report of the Committee of Inquiry on Decimal Currency. Cmnd. 2145. London: HMSO.
Hotelling, H. (1939). ‘Review of Mathematical Analysis for Economists, by R.G.D. Allen’. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 205(September): 154–155.
Howson, S. (2011). Lionel Robbins. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kindleberger, C.P. (1954). ‘Review of International Trade Statistics, by R.G.D. Allen and J.E. Ely’. Economica, 21(82): 168–169.
LSE (1938). Calendar 1938/1939. London: London School of Economics.
LSE (1984). MEETING in memory of PROFESSOR SIR ROY ALLEN C.B.E., M.A., D.Sc. (Econ), F.B.A. Professor Emeritus, University of London. 1 March. Manuscript.
Makower, H. (1955). ‘Review of International Trade Statistics, by R.G.D. Allen and J.E. Ely’. International Affairs, 31(1): 85.
Marschak, J. (1936). ‘Review of Family Expenditure: A Study of its Variation, by R.G.D. Allen and A.L. Bowley’. Economic Journal, 46(183): 485–489.
McKenzie, L.W. (1998). ‘Turnpike Theory’. In J. Eatwell, M. Milgate and P. Newman (eds) The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics. Volume 4. London: Macmillan: 713–720.
Morgenstern, O. (1955). ‘Review of International Trade Statistics, by R.G.D. Allen and J.E. Ely’. Econometrica, 23(1): 105–107.
Morgenstern, O. (1958). ‘Review of Mathematical Economics, by R.G.D. Allen’. Southern Economic Journal, 24(4): 483–486.
Parry Lewis, J. (1968). ‘Macro-Economic Theory: A Mathematical Treatment, by R.G.D. Allen’. Economica, 35(137): 92–93.
Phillips, A.W. (1950). ‘Mechanical Models in Economic Dynamics’. Economica, New Series, 17(67): 283-305. Reprinted as Chapter 10 in R. Leeson (ed.) (2000) A.W.H. Phillips: Collected Works in Contemporary Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 68–88.
Phillips, A.W. (1954a). ‘Stabilisation Policy in a Closed Economy’. Economic Journal, 64(254): 290-323. Reprinted as Chapter 16 in R. Leeson (ed.) (2000) A.W.H. Phillips: Collected Works in Contemporary Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 134–168.
Phillips, A.W. (1954b) ‘Review of The Mechanism of Economic Systems: An Approach to the Problem of Economic Stabilisation from the Point of View of Control-System Engineering, by A. Tustin’. Economic Journal, 64(256): 805-807. Reprinted as chapter 18 in R. Leeson (ed.) (2000) A.W.H. Phillips: Collected Works in Contemporary Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 184–185.
Phillips, A.W. (1956). ‘Some Notes on the Estimation of Time-Forms of Reactions in Interdependent Dynamic Systems’. Economica, New Series, 23(90): 99–113. Reprinted as Chapter 40 in R. Leeson (ed.) (2000) A.W.H. Phillips: Collected Works in Contemporary Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 370–384.
Phillips, A.W. (1957). ‘Stabilisation Policy and the Time-Forms of Lagged Responses’. Economic Journal, 67(266): 265–277. Reprinted as Chapter 17 in R. Leeson (ed.) (2000) A.W.H. Phillips: Collected Works in Contemporary Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 169–183.
Pratten, C. (2004). ‘Allen, Roy George Douglas (1906-83)’. In D. Rutherford (ed.) The Biographical Dictionary of British Economists. Volume I. Bristol: Thoemmes Continuum: 5–6.
Robbins, L. (1971). Autobiography of an Economist. London: Macmillan.
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Schneider, E. (1938). ‘Review of Mathematical Analysis for Economists, by R.G.D. Allen’. Economic Journal, 48(191): 515–516.
Schultz, H. (1936). ‘Review of Family Expenditure: A Study of its Variation, by R.G.D. Allen and A.L. Bowley’. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 31(195): 613–617.
Sraffa, P. (1926). ‘The Laws of Returns under Competitive Conditions’. Economic Journal, 36(144): 535–550.
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Tintner, G. (1939). ‘Review of Mathematical Analysis for Economists, by R.G.D. Allen’. Journal of Political Economy, 47(2): 271–272.
Tustin, A. (1953). The Mechanism of Economic Systems: An Approach to the Problem of Economic Stabilisation from the Point of View of Control-System Engineering. London: Heinemann.
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Thomas, J. (2019). R.G.D. Allen (1906–1983). In: Cord, R.A. (eds) The Palgrave Companion to LSE Economics. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-58274-4_20
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