Abstract
Arguing that neuroscience has not contributed very much to our understanding of trauma theory, this chapter takes a detailed look at the limits of neuroimaging. Bessel van der Kolk, a proponent of neuroimaging, is seen to actually make a significant contribution to our understanding of trauma, but only because he praises neuroimaging while practicing an eclectic therapy based on body work, such as massage, as well as more traditional approaches. The question we should be asking is what trauma means, and the answer is that trauma is an experience that makes it impossible to live in and enjoy the present. The chapter concludes by arguing that there is something about our culture that makes individuals particularly susceptible to PTSD.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Asari, T., Konishi, S., Jimura, K., Chikazoe, J., Nakamura, N., & Miyashita, Y. (2010). Amygdalar enlargement associated with unique perception. Cortex, 46, 94–99.
Bickart, K., Wright, C., Dautoff, R. J., Dickerson, B. C., & Barrett, L. F. (2010). Amygdala volume and social network size in humans. Nature Neuroscience, 14, 163–164.
Blanchot, M. (1995). The writing of the disaster (A. Smock, Trans.). Lincoln, NB: University of Nebraska Press.
Camus, A. (1955). The myth of Sisyphus and other essays (J. O’Brien, Trans.). New York, NY: Vintage Books.
Dao, J. (2013, June 14). Researchers find biological evidence of Gulf War illnesses. The New York Times, p. 1-A.
David, S. P., et al. (2013, July 25). Potential reporting bias in fMRI studies of the brain. PLoS. Retrieved from http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0070104
Fassin, D., & Rechtman, R. (2009). The empire of trauma: An inquiry into the condition of victimhood (R. Gomme, Trans.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Foucault, M. (1994). The birth of the clinic: An archeology of medical perception (A. M. Sheridan Smith, Trans.). New York, NY: Vintage.
Freud. S. (1895). Project for a scientific psychology. In J. Strachey (Ed.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 1, pp. 283–397). London, UK: Hogarth Press, 1956–1974 (24 vols.) (Hereafter The standard edition).
Giddens, A. (1991). Modernity and self-identity: Self and society in the late modern age. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Goldhagen, D. J. (1997). Hitler’s willing executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust. New York, NY: Vintage.
Grandin, T., & Panek, R. (2013). The autistic brain: Thinking across the spectrum. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
Habermas, J. (1985). Theory of communicative action: Lifeworld and system (Vols.) 1–2) (T. McCarthy, Trans.). Boston: Beacon Press.
Herman, J. (1997). Trauma and recovery. New York, NY: Basic Books.
Hippocrates. (circa 400 BCE). On the sacred disease. Retrieved from: http://classics.mit.edu/Hippocrates/sacred.html
Hubbard, E. (2003). Review of the book The new phrenology: The limits of localizing cognitive processes in the brain, by W.R. Uttal. Cognitive Science Online, 1, 22–33. Retrieved from http://cogsci-online.ucsd.edu.
Interlandi, J. (2014, May 22). A revolutionary approach to treating PTSD. New York Times Magazine. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/25/magazine/a-revolutionary-approach-to-treating-ptsd.html
Kamitani, Y., & Tong, F. (2006). Decoding seen and attended motion directions from activity in the human visual cortex. Current Biology, 16, 1096–1102.
Kaufman, J., et al. (2001). Corpus callosum in maltreated children with PTSD: A diffusion tensor imaging study. Paper presented at the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Kihlstrom, J. (2010). Social neuroscience: The footprints of Phineas Gage. Social Cognition, 28, 757–783.
MacFarquhar, L. (2007, February 12). Two heads: A marriage devoted to the mind-body problem. New Yorker, 56–69.
McCabe, D. P., & Castel, A. (2008). Seeing is believing: The effect of brain images on judgments of scientific reasoning. Cognition, 107, 343–352.
McIntosh, A. R. (1999). Mapping cognition to the brain through neural interactions. Memory, 7, 523–548.
Meloni, M. (2012). On the growing intellectual authority of neuroscience for political and moral theory: Sketch for a genealogy. In F. Vander Valk (Ed.), Essays on neuroscience and political theory: Thinking the body politic (pp. 25–49). London and New York: Routledge.
Miller, G. (2008). Growing pains for fMRI. Science, 320(5882), 1412–1414.
Norman, M. (1989). These good men: Friendships forged from war. New York: Crown.
Satel, S., & Lilienfeld, S. (2013). Brainwashed: The seductive appeal of mindless neuroscience. New York, NY: Basic Books.
Schwartz, C. (2015, June 24). Tell it about your mother. New York Times Magazine. Retrieved from www.nytimes.com/2015/06/28/magazine/tell-it-about-your-mother.html
Shay, J. (1994). Achilles in Vietnam: Combat trauma and the undoing of character. New York, NY: Scribner.
Shilling, C. (2012). The body and social theory (3rd ed.). London, UK: Sage.
Tallis, R. (2011). Aping mankind. Durham, UK: Acumen.
Taylor, C. (1989). Sources of the self: The making of the modern identity. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Theodoridis, A., & Nelson, A. (2012). Of BOLD claims and excessive fears: A call for caution and patience regarding political neuroscience. Political Psychology, 33, 27–43.
Uttal, W. R. (2001). The new phrenology: The limits of localizing cognitive processes in the brain. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
van der Kolk, B. (2014). The body keeps the score: Brain, mind, and body in the healing of trauma. New York, NY: Viking.
Watters, E. (2010). Crazy like us: The globalization of the American psyche. New York, NY: Free Press.
Winnicott, D. W. (1965a). The theory of the parent-infant relationship. In The maturational processes and the facilitating environment (pp. 37–55). Madison, CT: International Universities Press.
Winnicott, D. W. (1965c). Ego distortion in terms of true and false self. In The maturational processes and the facilitating environment (pp. 140–152). Madison, CT: International Universities Press.
Winnicott, D. W. (1971). The location of cultural experience. In Playing and reality (pp. 95–103). New York, NY: Routledge.
Winnicott, D. W. (1992). Mind and its relation to the psyche-soma. In Through paediatrics to psycho-analysis (pp. 243–254). London, UK: Karnac.
Young, A. (1995). The harmony of illusions: Inventing post-traumatic stress disorder. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2016 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Alford, C.F. (2016). The Meaning of Trauma and the Place of Neuroscience. In: Trauma, Culture, and PTSD. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-57600-2_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-57600-2_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, New York
Print ISBN: 978-1-137-57599-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-57600-2
eBook Packages: Behavioral Science and PsychologyBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)