Skip to main content

Irish Water Services Reform: Past, Present and Future

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The Irish Welfare State in the Twenty-First Century

Abstract

Fiona Dukelow analyses the reform of water services in Ireland as a case study of how public services are being transformed in the context of crisis and austerity, amplifying already blurred public/private distinctions in their definition, financing and provision. The chapter also draws attention to how the reform of water services has been problematic and the focus of the strongest mobilisation against austerity. Concentrating on changes to how water services are paid for and delivered, attention is paid to processes of commodification, commercialisation, privatisation and financialisation. The chapter concludes that reforms are reflective of a move towards a market environmentalist model; however, their implementation to date have resulted in particularly regressive policy measures which, as well as being socially inequitable, are economically inefficient and financially and environmentally unsustainable.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Author’s calculations using the same household income data as McDonnell (2014).

  2. 2.

    €30 for a single adult household for each year in arrears; €60 for households of two or more adults per year, Water Services Act 2014 Section 4.

  3. 3.

    As provided for in the Civil Debt (Procedures) Act 2015.

References

  • Bakker, K. (2005). Neoliberalising nature? Market environmentalism in water supply in England and Wales. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 95(3), 542–565.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bakker, K. (2010). Privatizing water governance failure and the world’s urban water crisis. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bakker, K. (2012). Commons versus commodities: Debating the human right to water. In F. Sultana & A. Loftus (Eds.), The right to water, politics, governance and social struggles (pp. 19–44). Abingdon: Earthscan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barraqué, B. (2003). Past and future sustainability of water policies in Europe. Natural Resources Forum, 27, 200–211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barraqué, B., Isnard, L., & Souriau, J. (2015). How water services manage territories and technologies: History and current trends in developed countries. In R. Grafton, K. Daniell, C. Nauges, J.-D. Rinaudo, & N. Chan (Eds.), Understanding and managing urban water in transition (pp. 33–59). Dordrecht: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Bayliss, K. (2014). The financialisation of water. Review of Radical Political Economics, 46(3), 292–307.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bayliss, K. (2015). Case study: The financialisation of water in England and Wales (FESSUD working paper series, No. 52). http://fessud.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Case-study-the-financialisation-of-Water-in-England-and-Wales-Bayliss-working-paper-REVISED_annexes-working-paper-52.pdf. Accessed 17 Oct 2015.

  • Bayliss, K., & Fine, B. (2008). Privatisation and alternative public sector reform in sub-Saharan Africa: Delivering on electricity and water. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bradshaw, J., & Huby, M. (2013). Water poverty in England and Wales. Journal of Poverty and Social Justice, 21(2), 137–148.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brenner, N., & Theodore, N. (2002). Cities and the geographies of “Actually existing neoliberalism”. Antipode, 34(3), 349–379.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • CER. (2014). Consultation response paper. Dublin: CER.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collins, J. (2014, May 21). Water charges are yet another austerity tax, Irish Times.

    Google Scholar 

  • Connolly, S. (2014, August 2). We must pay for Ballygowan-standard water, Irish Examiner.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dáil Debates. (2015, April 28). Written answers water sector contracts.

    Google Scholar 

  • DECLG. (2012). Reform of the water sector in Ireland. Dublin: DECLG.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doorn, N. (2013). Water and justice: Towards an ethics of water governance. Public Reason, 5(1), 97–114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duncan, P. (2015, March 23). Irish water to inherit €100m in unpaid commercial charges, Irish Times.

    Google Scholar 

  • EC–DG-ECFIN. (2013). Economic adjustment programme for Ireland: Summer 2013 review. Brussels: EC.

    Google Scholar 

  • EUREAU. (2009). EUREAU statistics overview on water and wastewater in Europe. Brussels: EUREAU.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eurostat. (2015). Advice-2015-IE classification of Irish water update III. Luxembourg: EC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feldman, D. L. (2012). Water. Cambridge: Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • FF/GP. (2009, October 10). Proposed renewed programme for government. http://defence.ie/WebSite.nsf/fba727373c93a4f080256c53004d976e/2a49a2267d0f095b80257754004d3e17/$FILE/94315182.pdf/Renewed_Programme_for_Government,_October_2009.pdf

  • Fitzpatrick, T. (2011). Environmental policy. In T. Fitzpatrick (Ed.), Understanding the environment and social policy (pp. 155–179). Bristol: Policy Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fleetwood, J. (1983). The history of Irish medicine. Dublin: Skellig Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Global Water Intelligence. (n.d.). PPP. http://www.globalwaterintel.com/research/node/ppp/date. Accessed 17 Oct 2015.

  • Gorecki, P., Lyons, P., & Morgenrath, E. (2013). Affordability and the provision of water services in Ireland: Options, choices and implications, Appendix 5 in report of the interdepartmental working group on affordability measures. Dublin: DECLG.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gottesdiener, L. (2015). The water belongs to the people, The Nation, August 3/10, pp. 20–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grusky, S. (2001). IMF forces water privatization on poor countries, Globalization Challenge Initiative, www.ratical.org/co-globalize/waterIMF.html. Accessed 31 May 2016.

  • Hall, D. (2001). Water in public hands. Greenwich: PSIRU.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, D., & Lobina, E. (2008). Water privatisation. Greenwich: PSIRU.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haslam, R. (2003). The origins of Irish local government. In M. Callanan & J. Keogan (Eds.), Local government in Ireland inside out (pp. 14–41). Dublin: IPA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Healy, D. (2006). Financing our local authorities, PSAI annual conference, Cork October 20–22. http://www.psai.ie/conferences/papers2006/healy.pdf

  • Hearne, R. (2009). Origins, development and outcomes of public private partnerships in Ireland: The case of PPPs in social housing regeneration. Dublin: Combat Poverty Agency.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hearne, R. (2015). The Irish water war, austerity and the risen people. Maynooth: Department of Geography Maynooth University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huby, M. (1998). Social policy and the environment. Buckingham: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Interdepartmental Working Group on Affordability Measures. (2013). Report of the interdepartmental working group on affordability measures. Dublin: DECLG.

    Google Scholar 

  • Irish Times. (2006). Roche rules out water charges and second-home tax, Irish Times, March 1, 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, T. (1998). Recent developments in the pricing of water services in OECD countries. Water Policy, 1, 637–651.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaika, M. (2003). The water framework directive: A new directive for a changing social, political and economic European framework. European Planning Studies, 11(3), 299–316.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, A. (2014, November 5). Irish water: Statements, Seanad debates. http://oireachtasdebates.oireachtas.ie/debates%20authoring/debateswebpack.nsf/takes/seanad2014110500002?opendocument#M00100

  • Lenihan, B. (2009, December 9). Financial statement of the Minister for Finance Mr Brian Lenihan T.D. http://budget.gov.ie/Budgets/2010/Documents/FINAL%20Speech.pdf

  • March, H., & Purcell, T. (2014). The muddy waters of financialisation and new accumulation strategies in the global water industry: The case of AGBAR. Geoforum, 53, 11–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McDonnell, T. (2014). Water charges, water poverty and water credits. Dublin: NERI.

    Google Scholar 

  • NESC. (1985). The financing of local authorities. Dublin: NESC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peck, J. (2010). Constructions of neoliberal reason. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • PwC. (2011, November 2). Irish water: Phase 1 report. http://www.environ.ie/en/Publications/Environment/Water/FileDownLoad,29193,en.pdf

  • Reeves, E. (2011). The only game in town: Public private partnerships in the Irish water services sector. The Economic and Social Review, 42(1), 95–111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reeves, E. (2013a). Public-private partnerships in Ireland: A review of the experience, Paper presented to the Nevin Economic Research Institute, Dublin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reeves, E. (2013b). The not so good, the bad and the ugly: Over twelve years of PPP in Ireland. Local Government Studies, 39(3), 375–395.

    Google Scholar 

  • Right2Water. (n.d.). Key statistics. http://www.right2water.ie/key-statistics. Accessed 20 July 2015.

  • Scott, S. (2003). Abolition of domestic water charges in Ireland. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWRD/903845-1112344347411/20424161/31203ARDenoteWRMEIScott.pdf. Accessed 17 Oct 2015

  • Sheahan, F. (2003, January 7). McCreevy backs plans for €200-a-year water charges, Irish Examiner.

    Google Scholar 

  • Snell, C., & Bradshaw, J. (2009). Water affordability in England and Wales: A report prepared for CC Water. Birmingham: Consumer Council for Water.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spar, D., & Bebeneck, K. (2009). To the tap: Public versus private water provision at the turn of the twentieth century. Business History Review, 83(Winter), 675–702.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Special Group on Public Service Numbers and Expenditure Programmes. (2009). Report of the special group on public service numbers and expenditure programmes, volume 1. Dublin: Government Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Streeck, W. (2015). The rise of the European consolidation state, MPIfG discussion paper 15/1. Cologne: Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan, C. (2002). Calculating a water poverty index. World Development, 30(7), 1195–1210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sultana, F., & Loftus, A. (2012). The right to water politics, governance and social struggles. London: Earthscan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swyngedouw, E. (2005). Dispossessing H2O: The contested terrain of water privatization. Capitalism Nature Socialism, 16(1), 81–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • TASC. (2014). Equitable water charging. Dublin: TASC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tierney, J. (2013). Building Irish water, EPA National Water Event, protecting and improving Ireland’s strategic water resources, Galway June 12 and 13. http://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/other/events/oee/2013nationalwaterevent/tierney.pdf

  • Wescoat, J., Headington, L. & Theobald, R. (2007). Water and poverty in the United States, Geoforum, 38, 801–814.http://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/other/events/oee/2013nationalwaterevent/tierney.pdf

  • Woolf, G. (2004). The risks and benefits of globalisation and privatization of fresh water. In E. Cabrera & R. Cobacho (Eds.), Challenges of the new water policies for the IXX century. Lisse: Swets and Zeitlinger.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Fiona Dukelow .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2016 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Dukelow, F. (2016). Irish Water Services Reform: Past, Present and Future. In: Murphy, M., Dukelow, F. (eds) The Irish Welfare State in the Twenty-First Century. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-57138-0_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-57138-0_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-137-57137-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-137-57138-0

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics