Abstract
Reactions from the political environment outside of the judiciary impact the development of law, including the law defining prisoners’ rights. Congressional creation of the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA) and the RLUIPA enhanced protections for religious freedom in prisons. By contrast, congressional enactment of the PLRA imposed new procedural obstacles for prisoners seeking to file constitutional rights lawsuits and new limitations on federal judges’ authority to remedy rights violations in prisons. Additional retrenchment effects stemmed from conservatizing changes in the Supreme Court’s composition as Republican presidents appointed 12 of the 16 new justices to join the Court after the end of the Warren Court era in 1969.
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Smith, C.E. (2016). Reaction and Retrenchment. In: The Supreme Court and the Development of Law. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-56763-5_9
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