Abstract
The study reported here shows that having a partner in one’s older years increases individual capacity for involvement with grandchildren, for grandfathers as well as grandmothers. Nevertheless, the relative advantage is most notable for grandfathers, and in this way they appear more dependent on having a partner at their side. However, since they often have a living spouse, they are typically still doing well. On a more general sociological level, the empirical pattern thus supports the idea that (older) men benefit more from the marriage institution or similar partnership arrangements than women do. In short: good grandfathers have a partner.
Keywords
- Grandfathers
- Involvement
- Partner
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.
Buying options


Notes
- 1.
We use data from SHARELIFE Release 1, as of 24 November 2010, or SHARE Release 2.3.1, as of 29 July 2010. The SHARE data collection has been primarily funded by the European Commission through the 5th framework programme (Project QLK6-CT-2001-00360 in the thematic programme Quality of Life), through the 6th framework programme (Projects SHARE-I3, RII-CT-2006-062193, COMPARE, CIT5-CT-2005-028857, and SHARELIFE, CIT4-CT-2006-028812) and through the 7th framework programme (SHARE-PREP, 211909, and SHARE-LEAP, 227822). Additional funding from the US National Institute on Aging (U01 AG09740-13S2, P01 AG005842, P01 AG08291, P30 AG12815, Y1-AG-4553-01, and OGHA 04-064, IAG BSR06-11, R21 AG025169) as well as from various national sources is gratefully acknowledged (see www.share-project.org/t3/share/index.php for a full list of funding institutions).
- 2.
The data from these earlier rounds have been upgraded several times and are considered to be of high quality.
- 3.
- 4.
In our data, two-thirds of the grandmothers without a partner were widows; this holds for only half of grandfathers living alone.
References
Allison, P. D. (1999). Comparing logit and probit coefficient across groups. Sociological Methods and Research, 28, 186–208.
Attias-Donfut, C., Ogg, J., & Wolf, F.-C. (2005). Family support. In A. Börsch-Supan et al. (Eds.), Health, ageing and retirement in Europe: First results from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (pp. 171–178). Mannheim Research Institute for the Economics of Aging: Mannheim.
Baydar, N., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (1998). Profiles of grandmothers who care for their grandchildren in the United States. Family Relations, 47(4), 385–393.
Bengtson, V. L. (2001). Beyond the nuclear family: The increasing importance of multigenerational bonds. Journal of Marriage and Family, 63(1), 1–16.
Bengtson, V., & Lovenstein, A. (Eds.) (2003). Global ageing and challenges to families. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
Bishop, D. I., Meyer, B. C., Schmidt, T. M., & Cray, B. R. (2009). Differential investment behavior between grandparents and grandchildren: The role of paternity uncertainty. Evolutionary Psychology, 7(1), 55–77.
Börsch-Supan, A., & Jürgens, H. (Eds.) (2005). The Survey of Health Ageing, and Retirement in Europe—Methodology. Mannheim: Mannheim Research Institute for the Economics of Aging . Available at: http://www.share-project.org/uploads/tx_sharepublications/SHARE_FirstResultsBookWave1.pdf. Accessed 7 Dec 2015.
Börsch-Supan, A., Brugiavini, A., & Jürges, H. et al. (eds) (2005) Health, ageing and retirement in Europe: First results from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. Mannheim: Mannheim Research Institute for the Economics of Aging. Available at http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/clc/1819591
Börsch-Supan, A., Hank, K., Jürges, H., et al. (2009). Introduction: empirical research on health, ageing and retirement in Europe. Journal of European Social Policy, 19(4), 293–300.
Buber, I., & Englehardt, H. (2008). Children’s impact on the mental health of their older mothers and fathers: Findings from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. European Journal of Ageing, 5(1), 31–45.
Carr, D., & Moorman, S. M. (2011). Social relations and aging. In R. A. Settersten & J. L. Angel (Eds.), Handbook of sociology of aging. New York: Springer.
Chan, C. G., & Elder, G. H. (2000). Matrilineal advantage in grandchild–grandparent relations. The Gerontologist, 40(2), 179–190.
Daly, M., & Wilson, M. (1980). Discriminatory parental solicitude: A biological perspective. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 42(2), 277–288.
Danielsbacka, M., Tanskanen, A. O., Jokela, M., et al. (2011). Grandparental child care in Europe: Evidence for preferential investment in more certain kin. Evolutionary Psychology, 9(1), 3–24.
Delbès, C., & Gaymu, J. (2002). The shock of widowhood on the eve of old age: Male and female experiences. Population, 57(6), 885–914.
Dubas, J. S. (2001). How gender moderates the grandparent–grandchild relationship: A comparison of kin-keeper-selector theories. Journal of Family Issues, 22(4), 478–492.
Euler, H., & Weitzel, B. (1996). Discriminatory grandparental solicitude as reproductive strategy. Human Nature, 7(1), 39–59.
Euler, H., Hoier, S., & Rohde, P. A. (2001). Relationship-specific closeness of intergenerational family ties. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 32(2), 147–158.
Friedman, D., Hechter, M., & Kreager, D. (2008). A theory of the value of grandchildren. Rationality and Society, 20(1), 31–63.
Gauthier, A. (2002). The role of grandparents. Current Sociology, 50(2), 295–307.
Gray, A. (2005). The changing availability of grandparents as caregivers and its implications for childcare policy in the UK. Journal of Social Policy, 34, 557–577.
Guzman, L. (1999). The use of grandparents as child care providers. NSFH Working Paper No. 84. Madison: University of Wisconsin–Madison, Center for Demography and Ecology.
Guzman, L. (2004). Grandma and grandpa taking care of the kids: Patterns of involvement. Child Trends Research Brief 2004-017. Available at: http://www.childtrends.org.
Hagestad, G. O. (1986). The family: Women and grandparents as kin-keepers. In A. Pifer & L. Bronte (Eds.), Our aging society: Paradox and promise (pp. 141–160). New York: Norton.
Hagestad, G. O. (2006). Transfers between grandparents and grandchildren: The importance of taking a three-generation perspective. Zeitschrift für Familienforschung, 18, 315–332.
Hank, K., & Buber, I. (2009). Grandparents caring for their grandchildren: Findings from the 2004 Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe. Journal of Family Issues, 30(1), 53–72.
Harper, S. (2005). Understanding grandparenthood. In V. L. Bengtson & J. F. Robertson (Eds.), Grandparenthood. Beverly Hills: Sage.
Henretta, J. C., Hill, M. S., Li, W., et al. (1997). Selection of children to provide care: The effect of earlier parental transfers. The Journals of Gerontology Series, 52B (Special Issue), 110–119.
Hildbrand, S., Coall, D. A., & Hills, T., et al. (2009). Grandparental investment across Europe. A study from an evolutionary perspective. EAPs/MAP2030 Workshop on the Future of Family Support for Older People, London, 14–15 May 2009.
Kerr, D. (2006). Good grief: Bouncing back from a spouse’s death in later life. Contexts, 5(4), 22–27.
Knudsen, K. (2012). European grandparents’ solicitude. Why older men can be relatively good grandfathers. Acta Sociologica, 55(3), 231–250.
Kuhltau, K., & Mason, K. O. (1996). Market child care versus care by relatives: Choices made by employed and non-employed mothers. Journal of Family Issues, 17(4), 561–578.
Mann, R., Khan, H. T., & Leeson, G. W. (2009). Age and gender differences in grandchildren’s relation with their maternal grandfathers and grandmothers. Working Paper 209. Oxford: Oxford Institute of Ageing Working Papers.
Manning, W. D., & Brown, S. L. (2011). The demography of unions among older Americans, 1980–present: A family change approach. In R. A. Settersten Jr. & J. Angel (Eds.), Handbook of sociology of aging. New York: Springer.
Mason, J., May, M., & Clarke, L. (2007). Ambivalence and the paradoxes of grandparenting. The Sociological Review, 55(4), 687–708.
Matras, J., & Caiden, M. (1994). Effects of spouses’ characteristics on the social roles and activities of married elderly persons in Israel. Ageing and Society, 14(4), 537–573.
Mood, C. (2010). Logistic regression: Why we cannot do what we think we can do, and what we can do about it. European Sociological Review, 26(1), 67–82.
Morgan, D. (2004). Men in families and households. In J. Scott, J. Treas, & M. Reichards (Eds.), The Blackwell companion to the sociology of families. Oxford: Blackwell.
Peters, A., & Liefbroer, A. (1997). Beyond marital status: Partner history and well-being in old age. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 59, No. 3(August 1997), 687–699.
Presser, H. B. (1989). Some economic complexities of child care provided by grandmothers. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 51, No. 3 (August 1989), 581–591.
Settersten Jr., R. A., & Angel, J. (Eds.) (2011). Handbook of sociology of aging. New York: Springer.
Silverstein, M., & Marenco, A. (2001). How Americans enact the grandparent role across the family life course. Journal of Family, 51, No. 3 (August 1989), 581–591.
Symons, D. (1979). The evolution of human sexuality. New York: Oxford University Press.
Szinovacz, M. E. (1998). Grandparenting today: A demographic profile. The Gerontologist, 38(1), 37–52.
Van Grootheest, D. S., Beeckman, A. T. F., Broese van Groenou, M. I., et al. (1999). Sex differences in depression after widowhood. Do men suffer more? Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 34(7), 391–398.
Vandell, D. L., McCartney, K., Owen, M. T., et al. (2003). Variations in child care by grandparents during the first three years. Journal of Marriage and Family, 65(2), 375–381.
Waerness, K. (1996). The rationality of caring. In S. Gordon, P. Bender, & N. Noddings (Eds.), Caregiving (pp. 231–232). Philadelphia: PENN.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2016 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Knudsen, K. (2016). Good Grandfathers Have a Partner. In: Buchanan, A., Rotkirch, A. (eds) Grandfathers. Palgrave Macmillan Studies in Family and Intimate Life. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-56338-5_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-56338-5_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-137-56337-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-56338-5
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)