Abstract
Vaccination operates as yet another classic biopolitical dimension of contemporary immunitary life. In recent years, and in particular communities, thresholds of effective vaccination have fallen perilously below recent historic levels, leading to new infectious disease events and posing challenging questions for clinical bodies and government. However, the vaccination debate is only part of a wider picture in tensions between the community and the individual, between public policy and the population, between medical institutions and patients. The politics of vaccination has its roots in the Victorian period and articulates tensions between the laboring classes and ruling elites, together with competing notions of progressive modernity itself. ‘Anti-vaccination’, both as a diffuse phenomenon and as an organised movement, offers a unique opportunity to understand the shifting dimensions of immunitary politics over the course of a century and a half.
Bibliography
Anderson, B. (1983). Imagined communities: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism. London: Verso.
Bardage, C., Persson, I., Örtqvist, Å., Bergman, U., Ludvigsson, J. F., & Granath, F. (2011). Neurological and autoimmune disorders after vaccination against pandemic influenza A (H1N1) with a monovalent adjuvanted vaccine: Population based cohort study in Stockholm, Sweden. British Medical Journal, 343, 5956.
Baxby, D. (1999). Edward Jenner’s inquiry; a bicentenary analysis. Vaccine, 17(4), 301–307.
Beck, U., & Beck-Gernsheim, E. (1995). The normal chaos of love. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Blume, S. (2006). Anti-vaccination movements and their interpretations. Social Science & Medicine, 62(3), 628–642.
Brunton, D. (2008). The politics of vaccination: Practice and policy in England, Wales, Ireland, and Scotland, 1800–1874 (Vol. 11). Rochester: University Rochester Press.
Burnet, F. M. (1945). Virus as organism. Evolutionary and ecological aspects of some human virus diseases. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Casper, M. J., & Carpenter, L. M. (2008). Sex, drugs, and politics: The HPV vaccine for cervical cancer. Sociology of Health & Illness, 30(6), 886–899.
Chan, M. (2009). World now at the start of 2009 influenza pandemic-statement to the press by WHO Director-General Dr Margaret Chan. WHO Media Centre. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2009/h1n1_pandemic_phase6_20090611/en/?tags. Accessed April 2018.
Cohen, J. (2012). Surprising twist in debate over lab-made H5N1. Science, 9(335), 6073.
Colgrove, J. (2006). The ethics and politics of compulsory HPV vaccination. New England Journal of Medicine, 355(23), 2389–2391.
Collier, S., & Lakoff, A. (2008). The vulnerability of vital systems: How ‘critical infrastructure’ became a security problem. In M. Dunn Cavelty & K. S. Kristensen (Eds.), The politics of securing the homeland: Critical infrastructure, risk and securitisation (pp. 40–62). London: Routledge.
Connell, E., & Hunt, A. (2010). The HPV vaccination campaign: A project of moral regulation in an era of biopolitics. Canadian Journal of Sociology, 35(1), 63.
Coombes, R. (2009). Vaccine disputes. British Medical Journal, 338, b2435.
Cooper, M. (2006). Pre-empting emergence: The biological turn in the war on terror. Theory, Culture & Society, 23(4), 113–135.
Delamothe, T. (2010). H1N1: Now entering the recrimination phase. British Medical Journal, 340, c225.
Derrida, J. (1998). Faith and knowledge: The two sources of ‘religion’ at the limits of reason alone. In J. Derrida & G. Vattimo (Eds.), Religion: Cultural memory in the present (pp. 1–78). Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Derrida, J. (2005). Rogues: Two essays on reason. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Derrida, J., Brunette, P., & Wills, D. (1994). The spatial arts: An interview with Jacques Derrida. In P. Brunette & D. Wills (Eds.), Deconstruction and the visual arts: Art, media, architecture (pp. 9–32). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Durbach, N. (2004). Bodily matters: The anti-vaccination movement in England, 1853–1907. Durham: Duke University Press.
Durkheim, E. (1982). The rules of sociological method. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Elias, N. (1978). The civilizing process: The history of manners. Oxford: Blackwell.
Esposito, R. (2008a). The philosophy of Bios. Bios: Biopolitics and philosophy (T. Campbell, Trans.). Minneapolis/London: University of Minnesota Press.
Esposito, R. (2008b). Immunization and Violence (T. Campbell, Trans., from public lecture).
Esposito, R. (2011). Immunitas: The protection and negation of life. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Esposito, R., & Campbell, T. (2006). The immunization paradigm. Diacritics, 36(2), 23–48.
Fichman, M., & Keelan, J. E. (2007). Resister’s logic: The anti-vaccination arguments of Alfred Russel Wallace and their role in the debates over compulsory vaccination in England, 1870–1907. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 38(3), 585–607.
Flynn, P. (2010). The handling of the H1N1 pandemic: More transparency needed. Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly.
Frankenberg, R., Robinson, I., & Delahooke, A. (2000). Countering essentialism in behavioural social sciences: The example of ‘the vulnerable child’ ethnographically examined. Sociology of Health & Illness, 48(4), 586–611.
Gregory, J. (2007). Of Victorians and vegetarians: The vegetarian movement in nineteenth-century Britain. London: IB Tauris.
Hamilton, W. D. (1971). Geometry for the selfish herd. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 31(2), 295–311.
Hausman, B. L. (2017). Immunity, modernity, and the biopolitics of vaccination resistance. Configurations, 25(3), 279–300.
Hawkes, N. (2016). UK stands by nasal flu vaccine for children as US doctors are told to stop using it. British Medical Journal, 353, i3546.
Hendrick, H. (1997). Children, childhood and English society, 1880–1990. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hobson-West, P. (2003). Understanding vaccination resistance: Moving beyond risk. Health, Risk & Society, 5(3), 273–283.
Hobson-West, P. (2007). ‘Trusting blindly can be the biggest risk of all’: Organised resistance to childhood vaccination in the UK. Sociology of Health & Illness, 29(2), 198–215.
Hunt, A. (1997). Moral regulation and making-up the new person: Putting Gramsci to work. Theoretical Criminology, 1(3), 275–301.
Kata, A. (2012). Anti-vaccine activists, Web 2.0, and the postmodern paradigm – An overview of tactics and tropes used online by the anti-vaccination movement. Vaccine, 30(25), 3778–3789.
Keelan, J. E. (2006). Biopolitics and the body politic: Anti-vaccinationism in Canada from a historical perspective. Comparative Program on Health and Society Lupina Foundation, Working Papers Series 2004–2005, 78.
Kmietowicz, Z. (2014). Study claiming Tamiflu saved lives was based on ‘flawed’ analysis. British Medical Journal, 348, g2228.
Lahariya, C. (2016). Vaccine epidemiology: A review. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 5(1), 7–15.
Laplante, J. (2006). Biopolitics of vaccination: Immunity for humanity. American Anthropological Association (AAA), 105th Annual meeting.
Lee, D., & Fulford, T. (2000). The beast within: The imperial legacy of vaccination in history and literature. Literature & History, 9(1), 1–23.
Lundgren, B. (2015b). The common cold, influenza, and immunity in post-pandemic times. Health, Culture and Society, 8(2), 46.
Lupton, D. A. (2011). ‘The best thing for the baby’: Mothers’ concepts and experiences related to promoting their infants’ health and development. Health, Risk & Society, 13(7–8), 637–651.
Martin, E. (1994). Flexible bodies: Tracking immunity in American culture from the days of polio to the age of AIDS. Chicago: Beacon Press.
McNally, J. (2001). Biography: A brief life of Dr Edward Jenner. Seminars in Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 12(1), 81–84 Philadelphia: WB Saunders.
Miller, E., Andrews, N., Stellitano, L., Stowe, J., Winstone, A. M., Shneerson, J., & Verity, C. (2013). Risk of narcolepsy in children and young people receiving AS03 adjuvanted pandemic A/H1N1 2009 influenza vaccine: Retrospective analysis. British Medical Journal, 346, 794.
Mitchell, P. (2017). Contagion, virology, autoimmunity: Derrida’s rhetoric of contamination. Parallax, 23(1), 77–93.
Moore, A., & Stilgoe, J. (2009). Experts and anecdotes: The role of ‘Anecdotal evidence’ in public scientific controversies. Science, Technology, & Human Values, 34(5), 654–677.
Murcott, A. (1993). Purity and pollution: Body management and the social place of infancy. In S. Scott & D. Morgan (Eds.), Body matters: Essays on the sociology of the body (pp. 122–134). London: Routledge.
Mutsaers, I. (2015). One-health approach as counter-measure against ‘autoimmune’ responses in biosecurity. Social Science & Medicine, 129, 123–130.
Nabel, G. J., Wei, C. J., & Ledgerwood, J. E. (2011). Vaccinate for the next H2N2 pandemic now. Nature, 471, 157–158.
Nadesan, M. (2010). Governing childhood into the 21st century: Biopolitical technologies of childhood management and education. New York: Springer.
National Audit Office. (2013). Access to clinical trial information and the stockpiling of Tamiflu, 125.
Newman, J. I., Shields, R., & McLeod, C. M. (2016). The MRSA epidemic and/as fluid biopolitics. Body & Society, 22(4), 155–184.
Orenstein, W., & Seib, K. (2014). Mounting a good offense against measles. New England Journal of Medicine, 371(18), 1661–1663.
Osterhaus, A. (2010). Pandemics: Is hoping for the best enough? EMBO Reports, 11, 142.
Pedersen, S. (2005). Anti-Condescensionism. London Review of Books, 27(17), 7–8.
Porter, D., & Porter, R. (1988). The politics of prevention: Anti-vaccinationism and public health in nineteenth-century England. Medical History, 32(3), 231.
Radetsky, M. (1999). Smallpox: A history of its rise and fall. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 18(2), 85–93.
Razzell, P. (2011). The decline of adult smallpox in eighteenth-century London: A commentary. The Economic History Review, 64(4), 1315–1335.
Rogers, A., & Pilgrim, D. (1995). Immunisation and its discontents: An examination of dissent from the UK mass childhood immunisation programme. Health Care Analysis, 3(2), 99–107.
Rusnock, A. (2009). Catching cowpox: the early spread of smallpox vaccination, 1798–1810. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 83(1), 17–36.
Rybicki, E. (1990). The classification of organisms at the edge of life or problems with virus systematics. South African Journal of Science, 86(4), 182.
Salmon, D. A., Teret, S. P., MacIntyre, C. R., Salisbury, D., Burgess, M. A., & Halsey, N. A. (2006). Compulsory vaccination and conscientious or philosophical exemptions: Past, present, and future. The Lancet, 367(9508), 436–442.
Scott, A. L. (1999). Physical purity feminism and state medicine in late nineteenth-century England. Women’s History Review, 8(4), 625–653.
Shildrick, M. (2015a). Leaky bodies and boundaries: Feminism, postmodernism and (bio) ethics. London: Routledge.
Sloterdijk, P. (2004). Spharen III: Schaume: Plurale Spharologie. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp.
Smith, K. (2012). Producing governable subjects: Images of childhood old and new. Childhood, 19(1), 24–37.
Stearns, R. P., & Pasti, G. (1950). Remarks upon the introduction of inoculation for smallpox in England. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 24, 103.
Timár, E. (2017). Derrida’s error and immunology. Oxford Literary Review, 39(1), 65–81.
von Bubnoff, A. (2005). The 1918 flu virus is resurrected. Nature, 437, 794–795.
Wald, P. (2007). Contagious: Cultures, carriers, and the outbreak narrative. Durham: Duke University Press.
Williams, S. J., & Bendelow, G. A. (2000). ‘Recalcitrant bodies’? Children, cancer and the transgression of corporeal boundaries. Health, 4(1), 51–71.
Wodarg, W., Aburto Baselga, F., Ayva, L., Conde Bajén, A., Czinege, I., & Flynn, P. (2010). Faked Pandemics: A threat for health. Council of Europe, Parliamentary Assembly, 18 Dec 2009.
Wolfe, C. (2013). Before the law: Humans and other animals in a biopolitical frame. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Wolfe, R. M., & Sharp, L. K. (2002). Anti-vaccinationists past and present. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 325(7361), 430.
Yun, C. H., Leite, L. C., Tagliabue, A., & Boraschi, D. (2015). Vaccines of the future: The role of inflammation and adjuvanticity. Journal of Immunology Research. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/789595.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2019 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Brown, N. (2019). Spherologies of Immunisation. In: Immunitary Life. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55247-1_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55247-1_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-137-55246-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-55247-1
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)