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Civil Society, Post-Colonialism and Transnational Solidarity pp 167–195Cite as

Palgrave Macmillan

Voicing Support for Israel: Civil Associations in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland

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Abstract

The Ireland-Israel Friendship League (1967) and its twin association based in Israel, Israel-Ireland Friendship League (1969), initiated a long-lasting solidarity effort on the part of a minority of activists in favour of Israel in Ireland. This support also gathered religious supporters from the mid-1980s, with the creation of Irish Christian Friends of Israel and the relative success of Christian Zionism. Working closely with the Israeli embassies in Dublin and London, Northern Ireland Friends of Israel has all the characteristics of a recently founded civil association. This chapter analyses the origins of support for Israel in Irish civil society.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    ‘Story of the League’, Ireland Israel Friendship League Magazine, vol.1, Issue 1, May 1995, p.1.

  2. 2.

    Ó Dálaigh was Chief Justice of Ireland (1961–1973) and then President of Ireland (1974–1976). On 19 June 1985, the President of Israel, Chaim Herzog, unveiled a sculpture by the Israeli sculptor Tamara Rikman in his memory in Sneem, Kerry.

  3. 3.

    See Frank Aiken’s speech at the UN General Assembly, 27 June 1967.

  4. 4.

    ‘Pro-Arab advance in Eire’, The Jewish Chronicle, 7 August 1970.

  5. 5.

    ‘Ireland-Israel Friendship League ’, The Irish Times, 2 September 1977. ‘Among our aims are the words: “to foster a spirit of understanding between the Irish and Jewish peoples, without impairment to the identity of any… to ensure that the integrity of the State of Israel be safeguarded in a spirit of peace…”’; ‘Ireland-Israel Friendship League ’, The Irish Times, 7 November 1978.

  6. 6.

    The congregation was founded in France, in 1843, by Theodor Ratisbonne, with an aim to facilitate the conversion of Jews to Christianity, but later focused on the befriending of the two communities. ‘Ireland Israel annual outing’, The Irish Times, 26 June 1969.

  7. 7.

    The Irish Council of Christians and Jews is one of the 38 branches of the International Council of Christians and Jews, a British association founded in 1942 to fight anti-Semitism. It started organizing in Ireland in 1971.

  8. 8.

    Brian Quinn , ‘Ireland-Israel relations, a reappraisal’, Shalom: The Newsletter of the Ireland-Israel Friendship League , the Ireland-Israel Business Association and the Embassy of Israel, vol.2, Issue 1, August 1999.

  9. 9.

    ‘Gold medal award to President’, Ireland-Israel Friendship League Magazine, vol.1, Issue 5, March 1997, p.7.

  10. 10.

    One example is the screening of the documentary This Year in Jerusalem, organized by the IIFL at the Buswells Hotel, in front of the Dáil, in Dublin, on l1 July 1978. ‘People and Places’, Irish Press, 11 July 1978.

  11. 11.

    One took place on 23 January 1980, at the Friends Meeting House, a building lent by the Quakers on Eustace Street in Dublin, Irish Press, 23 January 1980.

  12. 12.

    ‘How is my forest De Valera asks envoy’, The Irish Independent, 21 March 1975.

  13. 13.

    In the Clarence hotel, in Dublin, on 9 May 1979. ‘Ireland-Israel Friendship League’, Irish Press, 5 May 1979.

  14. 14.

    ‘The Challenge of Geography in Israel’, The Irish Times, 5 March 1968.

  15. 15.

    The conference ‘Herzl and the Book’ was held on 2 February 1970, in the Waldorf Astoria Hotel, The Irish Times, 2 February 1970.

  16. 16.

    Gabriel Fallon, The Irish Times, 26 November 1973; Answer from Atif Matouk , ‘Christian Appeal from Israel’, The Irish Times, 30 November 1973 and Gabriel Fallon, The Irish Times, 30 November 1973.

  17. 17.

    ‘Story of the League’, Ireland-Israel Friendship League Magazine, vol.1, Issue 1, May 1995, p.1.

  18. 18.

    Gillissen, C. (2010) ‘L’Irlande et le Moyen-Orient à l’ONU in Gillissen, C. (2010) (ed.) Ireland: Looking East (Brussels: Peter Lang), 101–118.

  19. 19.

    Butler, K. (1994, Spring) ‘Centenary of a Synagogue: Adelaide Road 1892-1992’, Dublin Historical Record, vol.47, Issue 1, Diamond Jubilee Issue, 46-55, p.51.

  20. 20.

    Ireland-Israel Friendship League Magazine, vol.1, Issue 3, March 1996, p.5.

  21. 21.

    See Miller, R. (2010) ‘From At Tiri to Qana: The Impact of Peacekeeping in Lebanon on Israeli-Irish Bilateral Relations, 1978-2000’, Israel Affairs, vol.16, Issue 3, 386–405.

  22. 22.

    Tánaiste Dick Spring to the IIFL: ‘You were particularly active in promoting the establishment of a resident Israeli embassy here in Dublin […] The establishment of an Embassy comes at a moment of great hope for the future of the Middle East.’, ‘Tánaiste addresses league’, Ireland-Israel Friendship League Magazine, vol.1, Issue 1, May 1995, p.2.

  23. 23.

    Mark Brennock, ‘Israeli embassy opens in Dublin’, The Irish Times, 29 January 1996.

  24. 24.

    The inauguration took place on 10 November 1995, Ireland-Israel Friendship League Magazine, vol.1, Issue 3, March 1996, p.3.

  25. 25.

    ‘Jewish Studies come of age’, The Irish Times, 23 June 1998.

  26. 26.

    ‘President Robinson emphasises cultural links in speech at gala dinner’, Ireland-Israel Friendship League Magazine, vol.1, Issue 3, March 1996, p.4.

  27. 27.

    ‘Dublin reception for Israel’s independence day’, Ireland-Israel Friendship League Magazine, vol.1. Issue 2, September 1995, p.3.

  28. 28.

    ‘Business association luncheon’, Ireland-Israel Business Association Newsletter, vol.5, Issue 1, August 1997, p.2.

  29. 29.

    ‘Finance minister McCreevy guest at IIBA annual lunch May 21st’, Bulletin of the Ireland-Israel Business Association , October 1998, p.2.

  30. 30.

    In 1995, during an official visit to Israel, Dick Spring met Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and Minister for Foreign Affairs Shimon Peres . At a reception he organized, he invited Chaim Herzog , Israel’s first non-resident ambassador to Ireland Gideon Rafael, ambassadors Liam Rigney and Zvi Gabay , Zvi Levy an Irish honorary Consul as well as representatives of the Israel-Ireland Friendship League. See ‘Dick Spring visits Israel’, Ireland-Israel Friendship League Magazine, vol. 1, no. 2, September 1995, p.2.

  31. 31.

    Similar forests were planted in the honour of other Presidents like John F. Kennedy and Franklin Delano Roosevelt. See ‘Jews in Ireland to Establish Eamonn De Valera Forest in Israel’, Jewish Telegraphic Agency, 18 May 1965 and Natalie Weinstein, ‘Jewish life in Ireland contradictory, historian says here’, Jewish News Weekly, 5 June 1998.

  32. 32.

    In 2007, the fortieth anniversary of the forest was celebrated and a plaque was installed in the presence of Michael Forbes, the Irish ambassador to Israel, Malcolm Gafson, chairman of the Israel-Ireland Friendship League and Jessica Lawson-Stein of the Jewish National Fund’s Irish Desk. See Jewish National Fund News’ website, ‘De Valera Forest Rededicated at 40th Anniversary’, May 2007 (http://192.114.182.161/kkl/english/main_subject/latestupdates/2007/may, consulted September 2015).

  33. 33.

    ‘The IIEBA was launched on October 28th, 1992’, Ireland-Israel Economic and Business Association Newsletter, vol.1, Issue 1, January 1993, p.1.

  34. 34.

    The newsletter Ireland-Israel Friendship League Magazine, published since 1995, became Shalom: Newsletter of the Ireland-Israel Friendship League in July 1998, then Shalom: The Newsletter of the Ireland-Israel Friendship League, the Ireland-Israel Business Association and the Embassy of Israel in August 1999 when the Ireland-Israel Business Association Newsletter, published since 1993, stopped publication.

  35. 35.

    ‘Ireland to open an embassy in Israel’, Ireland-Israel Business Association Newsletter, vol.4, Issues 3 & 4, March/April 1996, p.1.

  36. 36.

    Event organized at University College Dublin with Ruairi Quinn and Alan Shatter with 220 people in the Larkin Theatre. See ‘Trade relations praised at symposium’, Bulletin of the Ireland-Israel Business Association, October 1998, p.1.

  37. 37.

    £6m in 1981 compared to £40m in 1993 see ‘Ambassador’s farewell: a retrospective glance’, Shalom: the Newsletter of the Ireland-Israel Friendship League , the Ireland-Israel Business Association and the Embassy of Israel, vol. 2, Issue 1, August 1999, p.1.

  38. 38.

    See ‘Double taxation agreement Ireland-Israel’, Ireland-Israel Economic and Business Association Newsletter, vol.3, Issue 9-12, September/December 1995, p.1.

  39. 39.

    Among the Irish companies participating in the Medpartenariat programme: Unit Instruments Ltd., Webtech International Ltd. and Dataproducts Ltd. from Dublin, Europallets International from Dundalk, Connaught Electronics from Galway, Brown and Gillmer Ltd. and SCI Ireland Ltd. from Cork, Univet Ltd. from Cavan. See ‘Medpartenariat Jerusalem’95’, Ireland-Israel Economic and Business Association Newsletter, vol.3, Issue 9-12, September/December 1995, p.1. and Ireland-Israel Economic and Business Association Newsletter, vol.3, Issue 5 & 6, May/June 1995.

  40. 40.

    See Ireland-Israel Economic and Business Association Newsletter, vol.2, no 11-12, November/December 1994.

  41. 41.

    ‘New IIEBA chairman for 1996’ and ‘Israel trade awards presented at gala dinner’, Ireland-Israel Economic and Business Association Newsletter, vol.3, Issue 9-12, September/December 1995 pp.1-2.

  42. 42.

    ‘Elan corporation receives Israel’s ministry of industry and trade award’, Ireland-Israel Economic and Business Association Newsletter, vol.6, Issue 2, March 1998, p.1.

  43. 43.

    The company had a branch in Yavne, on the outskirts of Tel Aviv, called Elan Medical Technologies Israel. See ‘Elan in Israel’, Ireland-Israel Economic and Business Association Newsletter, vol.4, Issues 3 & 4, March/April 1996, p.1.

  44. 44.

    Carl Hoffman, ‘Irish hearts and Jewish souls’, The Jerusalem Post, 30 March 2008.

  45. 45.

    ‘Sister League busy in Jerusalem’, Ireland-Israel Friendship League Magazine, May 1995, vol.1, Issue 1, p.7.

  46. 46.

    Mervyn Abrahamson was also chairman of the Forest Committee of the association. See ‘A league for friendship’, The Irish Times, 23 June 1998.

  47. 47.

    Gafson was vice-chairman of the Israel-Ireland Friendship League between 1995 and 2005 and became chairman in 2005.

  48. 48.

    Greer Fay Cashman, ‘Dropped from the list’, The Jerusalem Post, 11 March 2009.

  49. 49.

    Carl Hoffman, ‘Irish hearts and Jewish souls’, The Jerusalem Post, 30 March 2008.

  50. 50.

    ‘A league for friendship’, The Irish Times, 23 June 1998.

  51. 51.

    ‘Sister League busy in Jerusalem’, Ireland-Israel Friendship League Magazine, vol.1, Issue 1, May 1995, p.7. See ‘Visiting Dublin’, Ireland-Israel Friendship League Magazine, vol.1, Issue 5, March 1997, p.6.

  52. 52.

    The IIFL also participated in the receptions organized by the Irish ambassador to Israel, Liam Rigney, to celebrate St Patrick’s Day. See 17 March 1995, ‘Sister League busy in Jerusalem’, Ireland-Israel Friendship League Magazine, May 1995, vol.1, Issue 1, p.7 and Carl Hoffman, ‘Irish hearts and Jewish souls’, The Jerusalem Post, 30 March 2008.

  53. 53.

    Gil Shefler, ‘“Bloomsday” tour celebrates Jewish protagonist of “Ulysses”’, The Jerusalem Post, 15 June 2011.

  54. 54.

    The Jerusalem Post, 15 June 2011.

  55. 55.

    See Ireland-Israel Business Network website , ‘About’, http://www.iibn.org/#/about/4560712893 (consulted September 2015).

  56. 56.

    Interview with Boaz Modai , 27 October 2011.

  57. 57.

    Perani, P. (2004) ‘Les Chrétiens sionistes aux États-Unis’, Matériaux pour l’histoire de notre temps, vol.75, Issue 75, 76–85.

  58. 58.

    ‘The return of the Jews to the land of Israel in accordance with the prophets’, William Hechler , 1884, see ‘4 Christian clergymen who changed the course of Zionist history’, Yanky Fachler, Fitzpatrick Castle Hotel, Killiney, 8 July 2011.

  59. 59.

    Yanky Fachler, 8 July 2011.

  60. 60.

    Jeremiah 31: 8, 10. See Scriptures proclaiming Israel’s Destiny, 120 Scriptures about the Aliyah, leaflet published by ICFI in 2004, featuring the 120 quotations from the Bible dealing with the Aliyah.

  61. 61.

    ICFI’s website , ‘What is ICFI’, http://www.icfi.ie (consulted September 2015).

  62. 62.

    Penfold, M. (2001) Messiah, five Jewish people make the greatest discovery (Bicester: Penfold Books).

  63. 63.

    ICFI’s website , ‘What is ICFI’, http://www.icfi.ie (consulted September 2015).

  64. 64.

    ‘[…] Pray that issues of justice and righteousness in the Middle East will be rightly considered, without bias or propaganda in Church and Media, but according to the Scriptures.

    “For the LORD gives wisdom; from His mouth come knowledge and understanding; …Then you will understand righteousness and justice, equity and every good path” (Proverbs 2:6, 9)’. See ICFI’s website , ‘Praying as a Church for Israel today’, http://www.icfi.ie/prayer/praying-with-the-church-for-israel-today (consulted September 2015).

  65. 65.

    See Mary Fitzgerald and Tim O’Brien, ‘Scuffles break out at rival protests’, The Irish Times, 12 January 2009. It happened again on 25 November 2012 in front of the GPO in Dublin, with a line of Gardaí standing between the two groups.

  66. 66.

    Ronan McGreevy, ‘Christians rally in support of Israel’, The Irish Times, 14 June 2010.

  67. 67.

    Gilad Shalit is an Israeli soldier who was captured in 2006 by Izz al-Din al-Kassam, the armed branch of Hamas. He was freed in 2011.

  68. 68.

    The Gaza Bible Society is the Gaza branch of the Baptist group Palestinian Bible Society. It opened a bookshop, the Teacher’s Bookshop, in Gaza in 1999 but in 2007, Rami Ayyad, the bookseller, was assassinated by Islamists. See Eric Silver, ‘Gaza’s Christian bookseller killed’, The Guardian, 8 October 2007.

  69. 69.

    Prayer Rally 13th June 2010, leaflet published by ICFI , 2010.

  70. 70.

    Monaghan blamed Hamas and underlined the connections between the group Turkish Humanitarian Relief Foundation (IHH ), involved in the flotilla, and the terrorist group Al-Qaeda . See Patrick Monaghan, ‘Is the flotilla a genuine humanitarian initiative?’, ICFI press release , 31 May 2010.

  71. 71.

    ICFI’s website , ‘What we do; Our ministry has two main focuses: Blessing Israel & Serving the Church’, http://www.icfi.ie/about-us/what-we-do (consulted September 2015).

  72. 72.

    An association made up of evangelical Christians founded in Jerusalem in 1980 so as to support the state of Israel and Jewish people more generally.

  73. 73.

    ‘Scriptures proclaiming Israel’s Destiny, 120 Scriptures about the Aliyah’, leaflet published by ICFI , 2004.

  74. 74.

    ‘Minister for Foreign Affairs condemns Israeli air strikes against Gaza ’, press release from the Ministry for Foreign Affairs, 28 December 2008 and ‘Hamas /Israeli conflict—plea for correction of bias’, open letter to the Minister for Foreign Affairs, Micheál Martin , signed by Irish Friends of Israel, Ireland-Israel Friendship League and Irish Christian Friends of Israel , 11 January 2009.

  75. 75.

    ‘The ICTU call for a boycott of Israeli goods and divestment from Israeli companies’, open letter from ICFI (signed by Patrick Monaghan, Rodney Stafford, Helen Murray, Evelyn Taylor, Sheelagh Tier, Zandra Dyer and John Carroll) to the Minister for Foreign Affairs, Micheál Martin , 28 June 2008.

  76. 76.

    It was obtained in December of the same year (1993). See ICFI’s website , ‘History of ICFI’, http://www.icfi.ie/about-us/history-of-icfi (consulted September 2015).

  77. 77.

    ‘5th Anniversary of Gilad Shalit ’s Abduction’, ICFI’s press release , 25 September 2011.

  78. 78.

    ICFI’s website , ‘What we do; Our ministry has two main focuses: Blessing Israel & Serving the Church’, http://www.icfi.ie/about-us/what-we-do (consulted September 2015).

  79. 79.

    Scriptures proclaiming Israel’s Destiny, 120 Scriptures about the Aliyah, leaflet published by ICFI , 2004.

  80. 80.

    Patsy McGarry, ‘Irish Jews, Christians give vehicles to Israel’, The Irish Times, 14 May 2007.

  81. 81.

    The Jewish Representative Council of Ireland is the body overseeing the religious life of the Jewish community since the 1940s. It is in charge of nominating the Chief Rabbi of Ireland.

  82. 82.

    See The Ireland Peace and Reconcilation Forest, leaflet published by ICFI , 2010.

  83. 83.

    See The Ireland Peace and Reconcilation Forest, leaflet published by ICFI , 2010.

  84. 84.

    Vital, D. (1999) A People Apart: a Political History of the Jews in Europe 1789-1939 (Oxford: Oxford University Press), note 18, p.296 (quoted in Manfred Gerstenfeld and Rory Miller, ‘The Israeli-Irish troubles’, The Jerusalem Post, 9 June 2006).

  85. 85.

    He was the secretary of a branch of UNISON and Northern Ireland representative of local government employees.

  86. 86.

    ‘I joined the conference every year and I saw how one-sidedly the Middle East conflict was put across by the leadership of the trade union movement. […] It wasn’t the membership of the trade unions that decided the blockade of Israel and then the boycott. […] It’s easy to get carried away when the leadership says that you have a moral responsibility to support this boycott. They never allowed a counter argument.’ Meeting with Terry McCorran, 14 August 2012.

  87. 87.

    The Board of Deputies of British Jews is an organization elected by the British Jewish community since the eighteenth century to promote and defend its interests towards the government and the media.

  88. 88.

    Trade Union Friends of Israel is a British pro-Israel association that develops connections between the Histadrut and the British trade union movement. It sent its first delegation to Jerusalem in 2006.

  89. 89.

    The Women International Zionist Organisation is a women’s organization promoting Zionism. It was set up in the UK in 1920 and is present in 30 countries or so.

  90. 90.

    NIFI’s website, ‘NIFI’s diary’, http://nifriendsofisrael.wordpress.com/nifis-diary (consulted September 2015).

  91. 91.

    ‘Inclusion not exclusion is needed to fix Middle East’, The Belfast Telegraph, 22 May 2012.

  92. 92.

    NIFI’s website, ‘About’, http://nifriendsofisrael.wordpress.com/about (consulted September 2015).

  93. 93.

    An exhibition dedicated to Otto Jaffe, titled ‘No Mean City’, was displayed in Belfast City Hall (2006). See Belfast city’s website, Herb Keinon, ‘No Mean City photographic exhibition’, http://www.belfastcity.gov.uk/nomeancity (consulted September 2015).

  94. 94.

    NIFI’s website, Lydia Aisenberg, ‘Belfast—scores turn out on an icy night to recap the warm days of Kibbutz Yore’, 14 January 2011, https://nifriendsofisrael.wordpress.com/2011/01/14/kibbutz-memories (consulted September 2015).

  95. 95.

    NIFI’s website, ‘Kibbutz Memories’, 13 January 2011,

    http://nifriendsofisrael.wordpress.com/2011/01/14/kibbutz-memories (consulted September 2015).

  96. 96.

    NIFI’s website, Lydia Aisenberg, ‘Belfast—scores turn out on an icy night to recap the warm days of Kibbutz yore’, 14 January 2011, http://nifriendsofisrael.wordpress.com/2011/01/14/kibbutz-memories/ (consulted September 2015).

  97. 97.

    Anthony Julius is a British lawyer involved against what he calls ‘new forms on anti-Semitism’, in particular in the discourse of political activists against Israel.

  98. 98.

    The exhibition was organized by the Anne Frank Trust. See Keiron Tourish, ‘Thousands flock to Anne Frank exhibition’, BBC News, 19 May 2010.

  99. 99.

    Marcus Dysch, ‘How to win friends in Ireland’, The Jewish Chronicle, 19 May 2011.

  100. 100.

    Steven Jaffe and Terry McCorran, ‘Why Israel will never give in to terror tactics’, The Belfast Telegraph, 17 April 2009.

  101. 101.

    Northern Ireland Friends of Israel , Statement, 2 June 2010, http://nifriendsofisrael.wordpress.com/2010/06/02/statement-from-ni-friends-of-israel (consulted September 2015).

  102. 102.

    Northern Ireland Friends of Israel , 2 June 2010.

  103. 103.

    Steven Jaffe and the journalist and political activist Eamon McCann engaged in a duel in The Belfast Telegraph. In the first article, published 18 May 2012, McCann advocated the legitimacy of the boycott of Israel and turned down accusations of anti-Semitism. See Eamon McCann , ‘How Israel is not going to settle for any more boycotts’, The Belfast Telegraph, 18 May 2012. Steven Jaffe answered with the article, ‘Inclusion not exclusion is needed to fix Middle East’, The Belfast Telegraph, 22 May 2012.

  104. 104.

    Gloria Z. Greenfield and Michael Yohay, The Case for Israel—Democracy’s Outpost, 2009, Doc Emet Productions. See ‘The Case for Israel’, http://www.thecaseforisrael.com/about_us/production_credits.html (consulted September 2015).

  105. 105.

    Dershowitz, A (2003) The Case for Israel (Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons).

  106. 106.

    NIFI’s website, ‘NIFI’s diary’, http://nifriendsofisrael.wordpress.com/nifis-diary (consulted September 2015).

  107. 107.

    West Bangor Presbyterian Church’s website, ‘David Bailie: 50 years of Ministry’, http://westchurchbangor.org/magazine/articles/davidbailie.html (consulted September 2015).

  108. 108.

    ‘Deputy Israeli Ambassador to Ireland visits Belfast’, The Church of Ireland Gazette, 11 March 2011.

  109. 109.

    Killian, L. M. and Turner, R. H. (1972) Collective Behaviour (Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall College).

  110. 110.

    ‘Young Israelis on mission to improve their country’s image’, The Irish Times, 29 February 2012.

  111. 111.

    Irish4Israel is a group founded in 2010 which is mostly active on the internet. It has a website, a Facebook page with more than 17,400 likes and a Twitter account with 9350 followers in 2015. It describes itself as: ‘a group of Irish people committed to supporting and understanding Israel’s security needs, to counteracting much of the lies and hatred spread in the name of truth within certain segments of Irish society, and to ensuring that the conflict receives fair and impartial coverage within the Irish media’ (http://www.irish4israel.ie, consulted September 2015). The founder of Irish4Israel, Barry Williams, a student from Cork, is also at the origin of a 2013 local publicity campaign to promote tourism in Israel.

  112. 112.

    Tom Carew was the chairman of the IIFL between 2008 and 2013. For years, he was a member of the board of the Post Office Trade Union Group and president of the Public Service Executive Union.

  113. 113.

    Mary Fitzgerald, ‘Israel group chair resigns after hostile comments’, The Irish Times, 30 September 2013.

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  1. Département des Langues et Civilisations, Toulouse 1-Capitole University, Toulouse, France

    Marie-Violaine Louvet

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Louvet, MV. (2016). Voicing Support for Israel: Civil Associations in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. In: Civil Society, Post-Colonialism and Transnational Solidarity. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55109-2_8

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