Scottish Suffragettes during the War

Pedersen, Sarah

doi:10.1057/978-1-137-53834-5_8

Sarah Pedersen⁶

Part of the book series: Palgrave Studies in the History of the Media ((PSHM))

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Abstract

The WSPU and WFL suspended militant action during the war and instead suffrage groups became involved in the organisation of women’s war work and the amelioration of the effects of the war on women and children. However, some suffrage campaigners became involved in the peace movement, the anti-conscription movement and the campaign for manhood rather than women’s suffrage. The dominance of militant tactics in press coverage disappeared and instead more varied voices became louder during the war years, all of which meant that the image of the suffragette became much less coherent than it had been before the war.

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Notes

1.
Edinburgh Evening News 11 August 1914.
2.
Edinburgh Evening News 12 August 1914.
3.
Edinburgh Evening News 8 August 1914.
4.
Dundee Evening Telegraph 14 August 1914.
5.
Edinburgh Evening News 25 August 1914.
6.
Edinburgh Evening News 4 December 1914.
7.
Pedersen, S. (2002) A Surfeit of Socks? The impact of the First World War on women correspondents to daily newspapers. Scottish Economic and Social History, 22(1), pp. 50–72.
8.
Falkirk Herald 3 October 1914.
9.
For example see Turner, E S. (1980). Dear Old Blighty. London: Michael Joseph, pp. 31 and 44; Marwick, A. (1977) Women at War. London: Croom Helm, 35. For further comments on knitters and the quality of their knitting, see also DeGroot, G. J. (1996). Blighty: British Society in the Era of the Great War. Harlow: Longman, p. 68. Dakers, C. (1987). The Countryside at War. London: Constable, p. 38 quotes Punch being satirical on the subject of ladies’ sewing of pyjamas. Ward also comments that the outbreak of knitting in the summer of 1914 has been treated with ridicule in Ward, P. (2001). “Women of Britain say go”: Women’s patriotism in the First World War. Twentieth Century British History, 12(1), 30.
10.
Ward, P. “Women of Britain say go”, p. 31. See also Pedersen, S. (2015) Ladies doing their bit for the war effort in the north-east of Scotland. Women’s History, 2(2), 16–21.
11.
Edinburgh Evening News 1 March 1915.
12.
Perthshire Advertiser 5 September 1914.
13.
Pedersen, S. (2015) Ladies doing their bit.
14.
Aberdeen Daily Journal 20 March 1915.
15.
Aberdeen Daily Journal 4 September 1914.
16.
Dundee Courier 9 September 1914.
17.
Aberdeen Daily Journal 21 September 2014.
18.
ibid .
19.
Dundee Evening Telegraph 26 February 1915.
20.
Dundee Evening Telegraph 25 February 1915.
21.
Dumfries and Galloway Standard 27 February 1915.
22.
Edinburgh Evening News 25 February 1915.
23.
Dundee Evening Telegraph 23 March 1915.
24.
Dundee Evening Telegraph 10 March 1915.
25.
For more on the Hospitals see McDermid, J. (2007). What’s in a name?: The Scottish women’s hospitals in the first world War. Minerva Journal of Women and War, 1(1), 102–114 and McDermid, J. (2015). The Scottish women’s hospitals: Fund-raising on the home front. Women’s History, 2(2), 21–25.
26.
Motherwell Times 18 December 1914; Hawick News and Border Chronicle 26 March 1915; Taylor, M. Fighting for the Right. Shetland Times 9 January 2009.
27.
Daily Record 1 March 1916.
28.
Dundee Courier 13 November 1914.
29.
Fife Free Press and Kirkcaldy Guardian 29 January 1916.
30.
ibid .
31.
Arbroath Herald and Advertiser for the Montrose Burghs 26 May 1916.
32.
Perthshire Advertiser 28 October 1914.
33.
Dundee Evening Telegraph 13 October 1915.
34.
Daily Record 19 March 1915.
35.
Edinburgh Evening News 22 March 1915.
36.
Aberdeen Daily Journal 29 March 1915. For more on women police during the war see Levine, P. (1994). “Walking the Streets in a Way No Decent Woman Should”: Women Police in World War I. The Journal of Modern History, 66(1), 34–78; Woodeson A. (1993). The first women police: A force for equality or infringement?, Women’s History Review, 2(2), 217–232.
37.
Dundee Courier 26 January 1915.
38.
Royle, T. (2007). The Flowers of the Forest. Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited.
39.
Kenefick, W. (1999). War Resisters and Anti-Conscription in Scotland: an Independent Labour Party Perspective in MacDonald, C.M.M. and McFarland, E.W., (Eds.) Scotland and the Great War. Tuckwell Press: East Linton.
40.
Daily Record 14 April 1915.
41.
Aberdeen Evening Express 20 August 1915.
42.
ibid .
43.
Dundee, Perth, Forfar, and Fife’s People’s Journal 21 November 1914.
44.
Falkirk Herald 13 January 1915.
45.
Selkirk Reporter 11 February 1915.
46.
Dundee Evening Telegraph 30 September 1915.
47.
Dundee, Perth, Forfar, and Fife’s People’s Journal 23 January 1915.
48.
Dundee Courier 18 August 1914.
49.
Dundee Courier 15 December 1914.
50.
Dundee Courier 18 February 1916.
51.
Edinburgh Evening News 14 November 1914.
52.
Daily Record 7 December 1914.
53.
Dundee Courier 4 February 1915.
54.
Dundee Courier 10 April 1916.
55.
Dundee Evening Telegraph 10 April 1916.
56.
Dundee Evening Telegraph 11 October 1915.
57.
Falkirk Herald 29 April 1916.
58.
ibid .
59.
Daily Record 18 October 1915.
60.
Dundee Evening Telegraph 13 October 1915.
61.
Oldfield, S. (1994). This Working-Day World: Women’s Lives And Culture (s) In Britain, 1914–1945. London: CRC Press, p. 93.
62.
Stirling Observer 20 April 1915.
63.
Oldfield, S. (1994). England’s Cassandras in World War One.
64.
Dundee Courier 24 April 1915.
65.
Costin, L. B. (1982, December). Feminism, pacifism, internationalism and the 1915 International Congress of Women. Women’s Studies International Forum 5(3), 301–315.
66.
Dundee Evening Telegraph 9 April 1915.
67.
Edinburgh Evening News 6 December 1915.
68.
Dundee Evening Telegraph 12 June 1916.
69.
Daily Record 26 June 1916.
70.
Corr, H. (2004). Agnes Dollan (1887–1966), suffragette and socialist. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford: OUP.
71.
Dundee Courier 18 December 1916.
72.
Falkirk Herald, 16 December 1916.
73.
Dundee Evening Telegraph 20 December 1915.
74.
Aberdeen Daily Journal 1 February 1917.
75.
Aberdeen Daily Journal 2 February 1917.
76.
Rowbotham, S. (2015). Friends of Alice Wheeldon, London: Pluto Press; Jackson, J. (2007). Losing the Plot. History Today, 57(5), 40–47.
77.
Dundee Courier 12 March 1917.
78.
Aberdeen Evening Express 17 July 1915.
79.
Aberdeen Daily Journal 7 October 1915 and 15 March 1915.
80.
Aberdeen Evening Express 22 October 1915.
81.
Aberdeen Daily Journal 17 November 1915.
82.
Aberdeen Daily Journal 17 December 1915.
83.
Aberdeen Daily Journal 7 March 1916.
84.
Dundee Courier 21 May 1915.
85.
Edinburgh Evening News 29 October 1915.
86.
Daily Record 21 July 1915.
87.
Aberdeen Daily Journal 17 May 1915.
88.
Dundee Courier 24 May 1915.
89.
Aberdeen Daily Journal 10 June 1915.
90.
Daily Record 19 July 1915.
91.
Aberdeen Daily Journal 19 July 1915.
92.
Aberdeen Daily Journal 19 July 1915.
93.
Dundee, Perth, Forfar, and Fife’s People’s Journal 21 August 1915.
94.
Dundee Evening Telegraph 18 August 1916.
95.
Arbroath Herald 2 October 1914.
96.
Stirling Observer 25 July 1916.
97.
Dundee Evening Telegraph 21 July 1916.
98.
Aberdeen Daily Journal, 1 March 1917.
99.
Dundee Courier, 8 September 1916.
100.
Dundee Evening Telegraph, 30 August 1916.
101.
Dundee Evening Telegraph, Aberdeen Daily Journal, 15 August 1916.
102.
Dundee Courier, 19 August 1916.
103.
Southern Reporter, 19 October 1916.
104.
Edinburgh Evening News, 23 May 1917.
105.
Aberdeen Evening Express, 30 January 1917.
106.
Aberdeen Daily Journal, 1 February 1917.
107.
Stirling Observer, 6 February 1917.
108.
Arbroath Herald, 2 February 1917.
109.
Dundee Courier, 3 February 1917.
110.
Dundee Courier, 5 February 1917.
111.
Aberdeen Daily Journal, 14 February 1917.
112.
Dundee Courier, 2 May 1917.
113.
Dundee Courier, 29 March 1917.
114.
Perthshire Advertiser, 24 March 1917.
115.
Stirling Observer, 27 April 1917.
116.
Stirling Observer, 30 April 1917.
117.
Aberdeen Free Press, 30 April 1917.
118.
Dundee Courier, 28 February 1918.
119.
Aberdeen Daily Journal, 21 March 1918.
120.
Aberdeen Daily Journal, 16 January 1918.
121.
Perthshire Advertiser, 16 January 1918.
122.
Edinburgh Evening News, 4 March 1918.
123.
Daily Record, 11 April 1918.
124.
Daily Record, 30 December 1918.

References

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Google Scholar
Costin, L. B. (1982, December). Feminism, pacifism, internationalism and the 1915 International Congress of Women. Women’s Studies International Forum 5(3), 301–315.
Article Google Scholar
Dakers, C. (1987). The Countryside at War. London: Constable.
Google Scholar
DeGroot, G. J. (1996). Blighty: British Society in the Era of the Great War. Harlow: Longman.
Google Scholar
Jackson, J. (2007). Losing the Plot. History Today 57 (5), 40–47.
Google Scholar
Kenefick, W. (1999). War resisters and anti-conscription in scotland: An independent labour party perspective in MacDonald, C.M.M. and McFarland, E.W., (Eds.) Scotland and the Great War. East Linton: Tuckwell Press.
Google Scholar
Levine, P. (1994). “Walking the streets in a way no decent woman should”: Women police in world war I. The Journal of Modern History 66(1), 34–78.
Article Google Scholar
McDermid, J. (2007). What’s in a name?: The Scottish women’s hospitals in the first world war. Minerva Journal of Women and War 1(1), 102–114.
Article Google Scholar
McDermid, J. (2015). The Scottish Women’s Hospitals: Fund-raising on the home front. Women’s History 2(2), 21–25.
Google Scholar
Marwick, A. (1977) Women at War. London: Croom Helm.
Google Scholar
Oldfield, S. (1994). This Working-Day World: Women’s Lives And Culture(s) In Britain, 1914–1945. London: CRC Press.
Google Scholar
Pedersen, S. (2002) A Surfeit of Socks? The impact of the First World War on women correspondents to daily newspapers. Scottish Economic and Social History 22(1), 50–72.
Google Scholar
Pedersen, S. (2015) Ladies doing their bit for the war effort in the north-east of Scotland. Women’s History 2(2), 16–21.
Google Scholar
Rowbotham, S. (2015). Friends of Alice Wheeldon. London: Pluto Press.
Google Scholar
Royle, T. (2007). The Flowers of the Forest. Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited.
Google Scholar
Taylor, M. (2009). Fighting for the right. Shetland Times 9 January 2009.
Google Scholar
Turner, E S. (1980). Dear Old Blighty. London: Michael Joseph.
Google Scholar
Ward, P. (2001). ‘Women of Britain say go’: Women’s patriotism in the First World War. Twentieth Century British History 12(1), 23–45.
Article Google Scholar
Woodeson A. (1993). The first women police: A force for equality or infringement?. Women’s History Review 2(2), 217–232.
Article Google Scholar

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School of Creative and Cultural Business, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
Sarah Pedersen

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Pedersen, S. (2017). Scottish Suffragettes during the War. In: The Scottish Suffragettes and the Press. Palgrave Studies in the History of the Media. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-53834-5_8

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-53834-5_8
Published: 02 July 2017
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-137-53833-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-53834-5
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