Abstract
This chapter highlights the roles of expatriate and host national employees as mediators. Japanese expatriate and Indonesian employees forge links between and among themselves in different circumstances and at different times, creating formal and informal networks. Although nationality is undeniably salient in influencing their relationships, the author’s focus includes biological (e.g. gender, age), personal (e.g. life stages), cultural (e.g. religion), and organizational (e.g. career) factors. This chapter highlights the importance of trust, which is established in individual work and non-work relationships. Trust greatly supports employees to act as mediators, and small talk functions to generate trust. Talk as an action allows them to create porous spaces on the surface of their groups’ bubbles and transfer information which circulated within each bubble.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsBibliography
Atsumi, Reiko. 1979. Tsukiai—Obligatory Personal Relationships of Japanese White-Collar Company Employees. Human Organization 38(1): 63–70.
Barber, Bernard. 1983. The Logic and Limits of Trust. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press.
Barker, Joshua, and Johan Lindquist. 2009. Figures of Indonesian Modernity. Indonesia 87: 35–72.
Befu, Harumi, and Nancy Stalker. 1996. Globalization of Japan: Cosmopolitanization or Spread of the Japanese Village? In Japan Engaging the World: A Century of International Encounter, ed. Harumi Befu, 101–120. Denver, CO: The Center for Japan Studies, Teikyo Loretto Heights University.
Ben-Ari, Eyal. 1995. Japanese Enterprises Abroad and Images of the Global Order: Japanese Executives in Singapore. Management Japan 28(2): 25–32.
Ben-Ari, Eyal, and John Clammer, eds. 2000. Japan in Singapore: Cultural Occurrences and Cultural Flows. Surrey: Curzon Press.
Boden, Deirdre. 1994. The Business of Talk: Organizations in Action. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Boissevain, Jeremy. 1974. Friends of Friends: Networks, Manipulators and Coalitions. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1986 [1983]. The Forms of Capital. In Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education, ed. John G. Richardson, 241–258. New York, Westport, CT and London: Greenwood Press.
Burt, Ronald S 2001. Structural Holes Versus Network Closure as Social Capital. In Social Capital: Theory and Research, eds. Nan Lin, Karen Cook, and Ronald S. Burt, 31–56. New York: Aldine De Gruyter.
Cheung, Lenis Lai-Wan. 2008. Let the ‘Other’ Speak for Itself: Understanding Chinese Employees from Their Own Perspectives. Critical Perspectives on International Business 4(2/3): 277–306.
Chini, Tina C., and Björn Ambos. 2006. Knowledge Transfer Processes in Multinational Companies: Enhancing the Speed of Knowledge Transfer. In Global, National and Local Practices in Multinational Companies, eds. Mike Geppert and Michael Mayer, 146–163. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Cohen, Don, and Laurence Prusak. 2001. In Good Company: How Social Capital Makes Organizations Work. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
Coleman, James S. 1988. Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital. The American Journal of Sociology 94: S95–S120.
Coleman, James S. 1990. Foundation of Social Theory. Cambridge, MA and London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
Coupland, Justine. 2003. Small Talk: Social Functions. Research on Language & Social Interaction 36(1): 1–6.
Dillon, Robin S. 1992. Respect and Care: Toward Moral Integration. Canadian Journal of Philosophy 22(1): 105–132.
Fechter, Anne-Meike. 2007. Transnational Lives: Expatriates in Indonesia. Hampshire and Burlington: Ashgate.
Field, John. 2008. Social Capital, 2nd edn. London and New York: Routledge.
Ford, Michaele, and Lyn Parker. 2008. Introduction: Thinking about Indonesian Women and Work. In Women and Work in Indonesia, eds. Michael Ford and Lyn Parker, 1–16. London and New York: Routledge.
Geertz, Clifford. 1960. The Javanese Kijaji: The Changing Role of a Cultural Broker. Comparative Studies in Society and History 2(2): 228–249.
Giddens, Anthony. 1990. The Consequences of Modernity. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Goffman, Erving. 1972. On Face-Work: An Analysis of Ritual Elements in Social Interaction. In Communication in Face to Face Interaction, eds. John Laver and Sandy Hutcheson, 319–346. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.
Grant, Bruce. 1996. Indonesia, 3rd edn. Carlton South: Melbourne University Press.
Grudzewski, Wiestaw M., Irena K. Hejduk, Anna Sankowska, and Monika Wańtuchowicz. 2008. Trust Management in Virtual Work Environments: A Human Factors Perspective. Boca Raton, London, and New York: CRC Press.
Hall, Edward T. 1959. The Silent Language. New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc.
Hartono, Arif. 2010. An Investigation into Strategic Human Resource Management in Indonesia: A Grounded Research Approach. Ph.D. Thesis, Murdoch University.
Holmes, Janet. 2003. Small Talk at Work: Potential Problems for Workers with an Intellectual Disability. Research on Language & Social Interaction 36(1): 65–84.
Holmes, Mary. 2010. The Emotionalization of Reflexivity. Sociology 44(1): 139–154.
Kennedy, Paul. 2004. Making Global Society: Friendship Networks Among Transnational Professionals in the Building Design Industry. Global Networks 4(2): 157–179.
Krackhardt, David, and Jeffrey R. Hanson. 1993. Informal Networks: The Company behind the Charts. Harvard Business Review 71(4): 104–111.
Lahno, Bernd. 2001. On the Emotional Character of Trust. Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 4(2): 171–189.
Leggett, William H. 2003. Culture, Power, Difference: Managing Ambivalence and Producing Identity in the Transnational Corporate Offices of Jakarta, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Illinois.
Leonard, Dorothy. 2007. Knowledge Transfer Within Organizations. In Knowledge Creation and Management: New Challenges for Managers, eds. Kazuo Ichijo and Ikujiro Nonaka, 57–68. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
Letiche, Hugo. 2004. ‘Talk’ and Hermès. Culture and Organization 10(2): 143–161.
Lin, Nan. 2001. Social Capital: A Theory of Social Structure and Action. Cambridge, New York, Port Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town: Cambridge University Press.
Luhmann, Niklas. 1988. Familiarity, Confidence, Trust: Problems and Alternatives. In Trust: Making and Breaking Cooperative Relations, ed. Diego Gambetta, 94–107. New York and Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Mäkelä, Kristiina. 2007. Knowledge Sharing Through Expatriate Relationships: A Social Capital Perspective. International Studies of Management and Organization 37(3): 108–125.
Malinowski, Bronislaw. 1923. The Problem of Meaning in Primitive Languages. In The Meaning of Meaning, eds. C.K. Ogden and I.A. Richards, 451–510. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., Ltd.
Moore, Fiona. 2005. Transnational Business Cultures: Life and Work in a Multinational Corporation. Hants and Burlington: Ashgate.
Nishiguchi, Toshihiro. 2009. Network shiko no susume: Netcentric jidai no soshiki senryaku [An Introduction to Network Thinking]. Tokyo: Toyo Keizai Inc.
Nowicka, Magdalena. 2010. Transcultural Encounters of Diversity—Towards a Research Agenda. The Case of Polish Presence in the UK. MMG Working Paper WP 10-04. http://lmumunich.academia.edu/MagdalenaNowicka/Papers/171200/_2010_Transcultural_encounters_of_diversity_towards_a_research_agenda._The_case_of_Polish_presence_in_the_UK_MMG_Working_Paper_WP_10-04. Accessed 14 May 2010.
Putnam, Robert D. 1995. Tuning In, Tuning Out: The Strange Disappearance of Social Capital in America. PS: Political Science and Politics 28(4): 664–683.
———. 2000. Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York, London, Toronto, and Sydney: Simon & Schuster Paperbacks.
Rohlen, Thomas P. 1974. For Harmony and Strength: Japanese White-Collar Organization in Anthropological Perspective. Berkeley, Los Angeles and London: University of California Press.
Sen, Krishna. 1998. Indonesian Women at Work: Reframing the Subject. In Gender and Power in Affluent Asia, eds. Krishna Sen and Maila Stivens. London and New York: Routledge.
Shaffer, Margaret A., and David A. Harrison. 2001. Forgotten Partners of International Assignments: Development and Test of a Model of Spouse Adjustment. Journal of Applied Psychology 86(2): 238–254.
Szreter, Simon. 2002. The State of Social Capital: Bringing Back in Power, Politics, and History. Theory and Society 31(5): 573–621.
Sztompka, Piotr. 1999. Trust: A Sociological Theory. Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore and São Paulo: Cambridge University Press.
Toh, Soo Min, and Angelo S. DeNisi. 2007. Host Country Nationals as Socializing Agents: A Social Identity Approach. Journal of Organizational Behavior 28(3): 281–301.
Urry, John. 2003. Social Networks, Travel and Talk. The British Journal of Sociology 54(2): 155–175.
Wolf, Eric R. 1956. Aspects of Group Relations in a Complex Society: Mexico. American Anthropologist 58(6): 1065–1078.
Wright, Lorna, and Virginia Crocke Tellei. 1993. Women in Management in Indonesia. International Studies of Management & Organization 23(4): 19–45.
Yagi, Noriko. 2006. ‘When Are the Japanese Japanese?’ Negotiating Japanese Cultural Identity in a Japan-US Binational Organization. Kokusai Business Kenkyu Gakkai Nenpo [Japan Academy of International Business Studies] 12: 171–181.
Yamagishi, Toshio. 1999. Anshin syakai kara shinrai syakai he: Nihongata sisutemu no uukue [From Assurance Based Society to Trust Based Society: Where is the Japanese System Heading]. Tokyo: Chuo Koron Shinsha.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2017 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Shimoda, Y. (2017). Mediators: Trust in Individuals and Groups. In: Transnational Organizations and Cross-Cultural Workplaces. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-52212-2_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-52212-2_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, New York
Print ISBN: 978-1-137-52211-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-52212-2
eBook Packages: Business and ManagementBusiness and Management (R0)