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Education for Democracy, Citizenship and Social Justice: The Case of Iceland

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Abstract

Iceland has a unique history of democratic tendencies with a colonial twist. It was settled in the ninth century but became a Norwegian colony and, later, a Danish colony. It received independence in 1944 after almost 700 years of colonial rule. The countries ethnic uniformity has had both positive and negative effects on the development of social justice and democratic values. This chapter explores these changes, investigating the historical context with a view to the developing concepts of democracy. It looks at the recent increase in demographic diversity that has presented challenges to an educational system traditionally viewed as mono-lingual and mono-cultural. The chapter then discusses the development of inclusive education, which is followed by a discussion of gender in a socio-economic and educational framework.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The first signs of this discourse appeared in 1997, at a conference on boys’ issues in 1997 and a special male-only course for teacher candidates at the Iceland University of Education (Jóhannesson et al. 2009).

  2. 2.

    In spite of considerable achievements in mathematics by 15-year-old girls in 2003, according to statistics, women in Iceland are still in minority of mathematics students at the University of Iceland, accounting for 28 % of bachelor students in mathematics and two out of nine students in the Masters/PhD programme.

  3. 3.

    From a newspaper interview with the current Minister of Education, Science and Culture in Iceland (Pétursson (2013): PISA niðurstöður vondar fréttir fyrir grunnskólana og þjóðina [The PISA results are bad news for the compulsory schools and the nation]. Available at: http://www.visir.is/pisa-nidurstodur-vondar-frettir-fyrir-grunnskolana-og-thjodina/article/2013131209720

  4. 4.

    Unfortunately, we are unable to reference any research on this matter as none currently exists.

  5. 5.

    As an example of this, in 1980 Iceland voted for the first female president in the world, Vigdís Finnbogadóttir; our first female and homosexual prime minister, Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir, took that position in 2009.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland

    Brynja E. Halldórsdóttir, Ólafur Páll Jónsson & Berglind Rós Magnúsdóttir

Authors
  1. Brynja E. Halldórsdóttir
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  2. Ólafur Páll Jónsson
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  3. Berglind Rós Magnúsdóttir
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Education, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, United Kingdom

    Andrew Peterson

  2. Sch of Edu, Mawson Lakes Campus, University of South Australia, Magill, South Australia, Australia

    Robert Hattam

  3. Program of Educational Studies, Open University of Cyprus, Latsia, Cyprus

    Michalinos Zembylas

  4. Jubilee Centre for Character and Virtues, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

    James Arthur

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Halldórsdóttir, B.E., Jónsson, Ó.P., Magnúsdóttir, B.R. (2016). Education for Democracy, Citizenship and Social Justice: The Case of Iceland. In: Peterson, A., Hattam, R., Zembylas, M., Arthur, J. (eds) The Palgrave International Handbook of Education for Citizenship and Social Justice. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-51507-0_21

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-51507-0_21

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  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-137-51506-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-137-51507-0

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