Abstract
Fitzpatrick explores the relationship between a dominant political tradition and a distinctive British regulatory model. He argues that UK regulation is characterised by a recurring pattern of self-governance and limited representation, which is premised on an implicit conservative notion of responsibility. The origins of this self-regulatory ideal are explored in the context of industrialisation and the threats to established political elites in the nineteenth century. Fitzpatrick criticises the orthodox view of UK regulation for naturalising the emergence and reproduction of the dominant British model of regulation. Instead, he seeks to problematise its endurance by highlighting the discursive role of ideas and values at the core of the British regulatory tradition.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Bibliography
Ashby, E., & Anderson, M. (1981). The Politics of Clean Air. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Axelrad, L., & Kagan, R. A. (2000). Regulatory encounters: Multinational corporations and American adversarial legalism. University of California Press.
Baggott, R. (1989). Regulatory reform in Britain: The changing face of self‐regulation. Public Administration, 67(4), 435–454.
Baldwin, R., Scott, C., & Hood, C. (1998). A reader on regulation. Oxford University Press.
Bartle, I., & Marchant, J. (2003). The UK model of utility regulation. CRI Proceedings, 31.
Bartle, I., Mueller, M., Sturm, R., & Wilks, S. (2002). The regulatory state: Britain and Germany compared. London: Anglo-German Foundation for the Study of Industrial Society.
Bartle, I., & Vass, P. (2005). Self-regulation and the regulatory state: A survey of policy and practice. Centre for the Study of Regulated Industries, University of Bath School of Management.
Beck, U. (1992). Risk society: Towards a new modernity. Sage.
Beck, U., Giddens, A., & Lash, S. (1994). Reflexive modernisation. Polity.
Beer, S. H. (1982). Britain against itself: The political contradictions of collectivism. Faber & Faber.
Bevir, M., & Rhodes, R. A. (1999). Studying British government: reconstructing the research agenda. The British Journal of Politics & International Relations, 1(2), 215–239.
Bevir, M., & Rhodes, R. A. W. (2003). Interpreting British governance. Psychology Press.
Black, D. (1976). The behavior of law. Bingley: Emerald.
Black, J. (1996). Constitutionalising self‐regulation. The Modern Law Review, 59(1), 24–55.
Black, J. (1997). Rules and regulators. Oxford: Clarendon.
Black, J. (2000). Proceduralizing regulation: Part I. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, 20(4), 597–614.
Black, J. (2001). “Managing Discretion.” ARLC Conference Papers. Penalties: Policy, Principles and Practice in Government Regulation. Available at: http://w.lse.ac.uk/collections/law/staff%20publications%20full%20text/black/alrc%20managing%20discretion.pdf
Blass, E. (2010). The Failure of Professional Self-Regulation: The example of the UK Veterinary Profession. Journal of Business Systems, Governance and Ethics, 5(4), 1.
Braithwaite, J. (2008). Regulatory capitalism: How it works, ideas for making it work better. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Bulmer, S., Dolowitz, D., Humphreys, P., & Padgett, S. (2007). Policy transfer in European Union governance: Regulating the utilities. Routledge.
Burnham, P. (2006). Restructuring state–economy relations. In Fairbrother, P. and Rainnie, A. (Eds.) Globalisation, State and Labour, Abingdon: Routledge.
Collini, S., Winch, D., & Burrow, J. (1983). That noble science of politics: A study in nineteenth-century intellectual history. CUP Archive.
Cooke, R. (1994). “Has Administrative Law gone too far?”. In International Bar Association 25th Bi-annual Conference, Melbourne, October 1994.
Craig, P. P. (1991). Constitutions, property and regulation. Public Law, 4, 538–554.
Cranston, R. (1979). Regulating Business Law and Consumer Agencies. London: Macmillan.
Crozier, M., Huntington, S. P., Watanuki, J., & Commission, T. (1975). Crisis of democracy: Report on the governability of democracies to the trilateral commission. New York University Press.
Diamond, P. (2013) Governing Britain: Power, politics and the prime minister. I.B. Tauris.
Dyson, K. (1980). The state in Western Europe. A study of an idea and institution. Oxford: Martin Robertson.
Dyson, K. (2002). The nature and relevance of state policy for techno-industrial innovation. In Hilpert, U. (Ed.) State Policies and Techno-Industrial Innovation, London: Routledge.
Eberlein, B. (2001). To regulate or not to regulate electricity: Explaining the German Sonderweg in the EU context. Journal of Network Industries, 2, 353–384.
Edlin, D. E. (2004). From ambiguity to legality: The future of English judicial review. American Journal of Comparative Law, 52, 383.
Elgie, R. (2003). Governance traditions and narratives of public sector reform in contemporary France. Public Administration, 81(1), 141–162.
Elgie, R. (2006). Why do governments delegate authority to quasi-autonomous agencies? The case of independent administrative authorities in France. Governance, 19(2), 207–227.
Ernst, J. (1994). Whose utility?: The social impact of public utility privatization and regulation in Britain. Buckingham: Open University Press.
Finer, S. E. (1975). Adversary politics and electoral reform. London: Anthony Wigram.
Evans, M. (2003). Constitution-making and the Labour Party. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Fitzpatrick, D., & Diamond, P. (2015). Responding to crisis: Whitehall and the politics of austerity. In M. Paxton, E. Kolpinskaya, & J. Jonasova (Eds.), Politics in crisis?. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars.
Gamble, A. (1990). Theories of British politics. Political Studies, 38(3), 404–420.
Gilardi, F. (2005). The institutional foundations of regulatory capitalism: The diffusion of independent regulatory agencies in Western Europe. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 598(1), 84–101.
Gill, P. (2002). Policing and regulation: What is the difference? Social & Legal Studies, 11(4), 523–546.
Graham, C., & Prosser, T. (1991). Privatizing public enterprises: Constitutions, the state and regulation in comparative perspective. Oxford: Clarendon
Guasch, J. L., & Spiller, P. T. (1999). Managing the regulatory process: Design, concepts, issues, and the Latin America and Caribbean story. World Bank Publications.
Gunningham, N., Kagan, R. A., & Thornton, D. (2003). Shades of green: Business, regulation, and environment. Stanford University Press.
Hailsham, Q. H. B. (1976). Elective dictatorship. British Broadcasting Corporation.
Halpern, D., & Cockayne, A. (2004). Trust, engagement and legitimacy in public institutions. Summary of interim analytical report. Cabinet Office.
Hantke-Domas, M. (2003). The public interest theory of regulation: Non-existence or misinterpretation? European Journal of Law and Economics, 15(2), 165–194.
Hawkins, K. (1984). Environment and enforcement: Regulation and the social definition of pollution. Oxford: Clarendon.
Hawkins, K. (2002). Law as last resort: Prosecution decision-making in a regulatory agency. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hawkins, K. (2013). Enforcing regulation: Robert Kagan’s contribution—And some questions. Law & Social Inquiry, 38(4), 950–972.
Hay, C. (1996). Re-stating social and political change. Maidenhead: Open Univ Press.
Hay, C. (1999). The political economy of new Labour: labouring under false pretences?. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Hay, C., & Rosamond, B. (2002). Globalization, European integration and the discursive construction of economic imperatives. Journal of European Public Policy, 9(2), 147–167.
Hills, J. (1986). Deregulating telecoms: Competition and control in the United States, Japan, and Britain. Quorum Books.
Hobsbawm, E., & Ranger, T. (2012). The invention of tradition. Cambridge University Press.
Hogwood, B. (1983). The instruments of desire: How British governments attempt to regulate and influence industry. Public Administration Bulletin, 42, 5–25.
Holliday, I. (2000). Is the British state hollowing out? The Political Quarterly, 71(2), 167–176.
Hood, C., James, O., Scott, C., Jones, G. W., & Travers, T. (1999). Regulation inside government: Waste watchers, quality police, and sleaze-busters. Oxford University Press.
Humphreys, P., & Simpson, S. (2005). Globalisation, convergence and European telecommunications regulation. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Hutter, B. (1997). Compliance: Regulation and enforcement. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Hutter, B. M. (1988). The Reasonable Arm of the Law?: The law enforcement procedures of environmental health officers. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Hutter, B. M., & Manning, P. (1990). The contexts of regulation: The impact upon health and safety inspectorates in Britain. Law & Policy, 12(2), 103–136.
Johal, S., Moran, M., & Williams, K. (2012). The future has been postponed: The Great Financial Crisis and British politics. British Politics, 7(1), 69–81.
Jordan, G., & Richardson, J. (1982). The British policy style or the logic of negotiation? In J. Richardson (Ed.), Policy Styles in Western Europe, 80–110. London: Allen and Unwin.
Jordana, J., & Levi-Faur, D. (2004a). The politics of regulation in the age of governance. In Jordana, J. and Levi-Faur, D. (Eds.), The politics of regulation: Institutions and regulatory reforms for the age of governance (pp. 1–28). London: Edwards Elgar.
Jordana, J., & Levi-Faur, D. (2004b). The politics of regulation: Institutions and regulatory reforms for the age of governance. London: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Jorion, B. (1998). Les autorites administratives independantes, In: Petit, Jacques (Hrsg.), Droit administratif et administration, Paris 1998, S. 41 ff.
Kagan, R. (1978). How much do national styles of law matter?. In Kagan, R. and Axelrad, L. (Eds.) Regulatory encounters: Multinational corporations and American adversarial legalism. Berkeley: University of California Press (pp. 1–32).
Kagan, R. A. (2000). How much do national styles of law matter?. In Kagan, R. and Axelrad, L. (Eds.) Regulatory encounters: Multinational corporations and American adversarial legalism. Berkeley: University of California Press (pp. 1–32).
Kagan, R. A., & Scholz, J. T. (1984). The ‘criminology of the corporation’ and regulatory enforcement strategies. In K. Hawkins & J. M. Thomas (Eds.), Enforcing regulation. Boston, MA: Kluwer-Nijhoff.
Kavanagh, D. (2003). British political science in the inter‐war years: the emergence of the founding fathers. The British Journal of Politics & International Relations, 5(4), 594–613.
Kerr, P., & Kettell, S. (2006). In defence of British politics: The past, present and future of the discipline. British Politics, 1(1), 3–25.
Khademian, A. M. (2009). A public administration moment: Forging an agenda for financial regulatory reform. Public Administration Review, 69(4), 595–602.
King, A. (1975). Overload: Problems of governing in the 1970s. Political Studies, 23(2–3), 284–296.
King, A. S. (1976). Why is Britain becoming harder to govern?. British Broadcasting Corporation.
Kolko, G. (1967). The triumph of conservatism: A reinterpretation of American history, 1900–1918. Quadrangle Books.
Krasner, S. D. (1999). Sovereignty: Organized hypocrisy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Lange, B. (1998). Understanding regulatory law: Empirical versus systems-theoretical approaches? Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, 18(3), 449–471.
Lau, R. R., & Sears, D. O. (1986). Social cognition and political cognition: The past, the present, and the future. In Lau, R. R., & Sears, D. O. (Eds.) Political Cognition, Hillsdale: Erlbaum, 347–366.
Laws, J. (1995). Law and democracy. Public Law, (1), 72–93.
Levi-Faur, D. (2005). The global diffusion of regulatory capitalism. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 598(1), 12–32.
Levy, B., & Spiller, P. T. (1994). Institutional Foundations of Regulatory Commitment: A comparative analysis of telecommunications regulation. The Journal of Law, Economics and Organizations, 10, 201.
Lipsky, M. (1980). Street-level bureaucracy: Dilemmas of the individual in public services. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Littlechild, S. (2012). The process of negotiating settlements at FERC. Energy Policy, 50, 174–191.
Lodge, M. (2002). On different tracks: Designing railway regulation in Britain and Germany. Greenwood Publishing Group.
Lodge, M. (2014). The British Regulatory State under the coalition government: Volatile stability continued. The Political Quarterly, 85(2), 143–147.
Lodge, M., & Mennicken, A. (2015). Regulation in crisis. Risk and Regulation, 28, 4–8.
Lodge, M., & Wegrich, K. (2012). The Regulatory State in Crisis: A public administration moment?. London School of Economics and Political Science, Department of Government and Centre for Analysis of Risk and Regulation, disponible en: http://goo. gl C, 4078.
Marinetto, M. (2003). Governing beyond the Centre: A critique of the Anglo‐Governance School. Political studies, 51(3), 592–608.
Marquand, D. (1993). The twilight of the British state? Henry Dubb versus sceptred awe. The Political Quarterly, 64(2), 210–221.
Marsh, D., Richards, D., & Smith, M. (2003). Unequal plurality: Towards an asymmetric power model of British politics. Government and Opposition, 38(3), 306–332.
Marsh, D., Richards, D. D., & Smith, M. J. (2001). Changing patterns of governance in the United Kingdom: Reinventing Whitehall?. Palgrave.
Marsh, D. and Tant, T. (1989). “There is no alternative: Mrs Thatcher and the British Political Tradition.” Essex Papers in Politics and Government 69.
McChesney, F. S. (2001). Ever the twain shall meet. [Review of Corruption and Government: Causes, Consequences, and Reform by Susan Rose-Ackerman] Michigan Law Review Vol. 99, No. 6, 2001. Survey of Books Relating to the Law (May, 2001), pp. 1348–1369.
McCormick, J. (2013). British politics and the environment. Routledge.
Meidinger, E. (1987). Regulatory culture: A theoretical outline*. Law & Policy, 9(4), 355–386.
Meyers, M. K., & Vorsanger, S. (2007). Street-level bureaucrats and the implementation of public policy. In Pierre, J. and Peters, B.G. (Eds.) The SAGE Handbook of Public Administration. London: Sage (pp. 153–163).
Moran, M. (2003). The British Regulatory State: High modernism and hyper-innovation: High modernism and hyper-innovation. Oxford University Press.
Ogus, A. I. (2004). Regulation: Legal form and economic theory. Bloomsbury Publishing.
Parris, H. (1965). Government and the Railways in Nineteenth-Century Britain. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Paulus, I. (1974). The Search for Pure Food: A Sociology of Legislation in Britain. London: Martin Robertson.
Pierre, J., & Peters, G. B. (2000). Governance, politics and the state. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
Posner, R. A. (1974). Theories of economic regulation. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.
Power, M. (1999). The audit society: Rituals of verification. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Power, M. (2005). The theory of the audit explosion. The Oxford handbook of public management. Oxford: Oxford University Press, (pp. 327–344).
Power, M. (2008). Organized uncertainty: Designing a world of risk management. OUP Catalogue. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Power Inquiry. (2006). Power to the people: The report of Power: An independent inquiry into Britain's democracy: The centenary project of the Joseph Rowntree Charitable Trust and the Joseph Rowntree Reform Trust. Power Inquiry.
Prosser, T. (1999). Theorising utility regulation. The Modern Law Review, 62(2), 196–217.
Prosser, T. (2000). Public service law: Privatization’s unexpected offspring. Law and Contemporary Problems, 63(4), 63–82.
Prosser, T. (2001). Public service law: Privatization’s unexpected offspring. Law & Comtemporary Problems, 63, 63–82.
Prosser, T. (2010). The regulatory enterprise: Government, regulation, and legitimacy. Oxford University Press.
Reiss Jr, A. J. (1983). The policing of organizational life. In Control in the police organization, Mass: MIT Press, (pp. 78–97).
Rhodes, R. A. W. (2011). Everyday life in British government. Oxford University Press.
Rhodes, R. A., & Dunleavy, P. (1995). Prime minister, cabinet and core executive. Palgrave Macmillan; St. Martin’s Press.
Rhodes, R. A. W. (1997). Understanding Governance: Policy Networks, Governance, Reflexivity and Accountability. Buckingham. Open University Press.
Rhodes, G. (1981). Inspectorates in British Governance: Law Enforcement and Standards of Efficiency. London: Allen and Unwin.
Richardson, J. (2013). Policy styles in Western Europe (Routledge Revivals). Routledge.
Richardson, G., Ogus, A., & Burrows, P. (1982). Policing pollution: A study of regulation and enforcement. In Oxford socio-legal studies: Show all parts in this series. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Richards, D., & Smith, M. J. (2002).Governance and public policy in the United Kingdom. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Robens, A. (1972). Safety and Health at Work: Report of the Committee, 1970–72, Chairman Lord Roberts.
Rossi, J. (2001). Bargaining in the shadow of administrative procedure: The public interest in rulemaking settlement. Duke Law Journal, 51, 1015–1058.
Rossi, J. (2005). Regulatory bargaining and public law. Cambridge University Press.
Sabatier, P. A. (1988). An advocacy coalition framework of policy change and the role of policy-oriented learning therein. Policy sciences, 21(2–3), 129–168.
Schmidt, V. A., & Thatcher, M. (2013). Resilient liberalism in Europe’s political economy. Cambridge University Press.
Schon, D., & Rein, M. (1994). Frame reflection: Resolving intractable policy issues. New York: Basic Books.
Shaw, E. (2012). New Labour’s Faustian Pact&quest. British Politics, 7(3), 224–249.
Shils, E. (2006). Tradition. University of Chicago Press.
Spiller, P. T., & Vogelsang, I. (1997). The institutional foundations of regulatory commitment in the UK: The case of telecommunications. Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics (JITE)/Zeitschrift für die gesamte Staatswissenschaft, 153(4), 607–629.
Stigler, G. J. (1971). The theory of economic regulation. The Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science, 2(1), 3–21.
Stigler, G. J. (1975). The citizen and the state: Essays on regulation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Tant, A. (1993a). British government: The triumph of elitism: A study of the British political tradition and its major challenges. Dartmouth.
Tant, A. P. (1993b). British government: The triumph of elitism: A study of the British political tradition and its major challenges. Dartmouth Publishing Company.
Terrill, R. (1973). RH Tawney and his times: Socialism as fellowship. Harvard University Press.
Thatcher, M. (2002). Delegation to independent regulatory agencies: Pressures, functions and contextual mediation. West European Politics, 25(1), 125–147.
Thatcher, M. (2007). Regulatory agencies, the state and markets: A Franco-British comparison. Journal of European Public Policy, 14(7), 1028–1047.
Thomas, M. (1948). The Early Factory Legislation: a Study in Legislative and Administrative Evolution. Leigh-on-Sea: Thames Bank Publishing.
Tombs, S. (2015). Social protection after the crisis: Regulation without enforcement. Policy Press.
Van Waarden, F. (1995). Persistence of national policy styles: A study of their institutional foundations. In Convergence or diversity, Brookfield, US: Aldershot (pp. 333–372).
Vogel, D. (1983). Cooperative regulation-environmental-protection in Great-Britain. Public Interest, 72, 88–106.
Vogel, D. (1986). National styles of regulation: Environmental policy in Great Britain and the United States. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Vogel, S. K. (1996). Freer markets, more rules: Regulatory reform in advanced industrial countries. Cornell University Press.
Vogel, D. (2003a). The hare and the tortoise revisited: The new politics of consumer and environmental regulation in Europe. British Journal of Political Science, 33(4), 557–580.
Vogel, D. (2003b). National styles of business regulation: A case study of environmental protection. Beard Books.
Walshe, K. (2002). The rise of regulation in the NHS. British Medical Journal, 324(7343), 967.
Weatherley, R., & Lipsky, M. (1977). Street-level bureaucrats and institutional innovation: Implementing special-education reform. Harvard Educational Review, 47(2), 171–197.
Weber, M. (1978). Economy and society: An outline of interpretive sociology. University of California Press.
Wilks, S. (1999). In the public interest: Competition policy and the Monopolies and Mergers Commission. Manchester University Press.
Woolf, L. (1995). Droit Public-English style. Public Law, 57, 56–71.
World Economic Forum. (2015). Global Risks 2015 (10th Ed.) Geneva: WEF.
Wright, T. (2013). British politics: A very short introduction. Oxford University Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2016 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Fitzpatrick, D. (2016). UK Regulation: The Self-Regulatory Ideal. In: The Politics of Regulation in the UK. Understanding Governance. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-46199-5_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-46199-5_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-137-46198-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-46199-5
eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)