Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Criminal Intelligence in the EU

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Intelligence Security in the European Union

Part of the book series: New Security Challenges ((NSECH))

Abstract

Internal security has an increasing impact on the overall security policies of the EU. This chapter seeks to examine how strategic intelligence at the EU level has contributed to cross-border cooperation in the areas of law enforcement and criminal justice. Relevant agencies, mostly Europol, Eurojust and Frontex, are assessed in terms of their involvement in criminal information exchange, analysis and intelligence sharing. The chapter also highlights the complex network architecture of institutional linkages and emphasises specific elements of intelligence tradecraft adopted in the internal security hub. The European Criminal Intelligence Model, the EU policy cycle for organised and serious international crime and risk analysis models are evaluated as intelligence-driven approaches to internal security.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Bibliography

  • Aldrich, R. J. (2011). Global intelligence co-operation versus accountability: New facets to an old problem. In L. Scott, R. G. Hughes, & M. S. Alexander (Eds.), Intelligence and international security. New perspectives and agendas. London/New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Argomaniz, J. (2009a). Post-9/11 institutionalisation of European Union counter-terrorism: Emergence, acceleration and inertia. European Security, 18(2), 151–172.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Balzacq, Th., Bigo, D., Carrera, S., & Guild, E. (2006). The treaty of Prüm and EC treaty: Two competing models for EU internal security. In Th. Balzacq & S. Carrera (Eds.), Security versus freedom?: A challenge for Europe’s future. Aldershot/Burlington: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Biegaj, A. (Ed.). (2009). Ten years of Europol, 1999–2009. The Hague: European Police Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boehm, F. (2012). Information sharing and data protection in the area of freedom, security and justice. Towards harmonised data protection principles for information exchange at EU-level.. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bossong, R., & Rhinard, M. (2013). The EU internal security strategy. Towards a more coherent approach to EU security? Studia Diplomatica, LXVI(2), 45–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brammertz, S. (2000). Eurojust: parquet européenne la première generation? In G. de Kerchove & A. Weyembergh (Eds.), Vers un espace judiciaire pénal européen. Bruxelles: Editions de l’Université de Bruxelles.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruggeman, W. (2006). A vision on future police cooperation with a special focus on Europol. In J. W. de Zwaan & F. S. N. J. Goudappel (Eds.), Freedom, security and justice in the European Union: Implementation of the Hague programme. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bures, O. (2006). EU counterterrorism policy: A paper tiger? Terrorism and Political Violence, 18(1), 57–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bures, O. (2011). EU counterterrorism policy: A paper tiger? Farnham/Burlington: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Busuioc, M., Curtin, D., & Groenleer, M. (2011). Agency growth between autonomy and accountability: The European Police Office as a ‘living institution’. Journal of European Public Policy, 18(6), 848–867.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carrapiço, H., & Trauner, F. (2013). Europol and its influence on EU policy-making on organized crime: Analyzing governance dynamics and opportunities. Perspectives on European Politics and Society, 14(3), 357–371.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carrera, S. (2007). The EU border management strategy. FRONTEX and the challenges of irregular immigration in the Canary Islands. CEPS Working Document No. 261. Brussels: CEPS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chevallier-Govers, C. (1999). De la coopération à l’intégration policière dans l’Union européenne. Bruxelles: Bruylant.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coninsx, M., & Lopes da Mota, J. L. (2009). The international role of Eurojust in fighting organized crime and terrorism. European Foreign Affairs Review, 14(2), 165–169.

    Google Scholar 

  • Council of the EU (2002, March 6). Council decision of 28 February 2002 setting up Eurojust with a view to reinforcing the fight against serious crime. Official Journal of the European Communities, L 63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Council of the EU (2004c, November 25). Council Regulation (EC) No 2007/2004 of 26 October 2004 establishing a European Agency for the management of operational cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union. Official Journal of the European Union, L 349.

    Google Scholar 

  • Council of the EU (2005c, September 29). Council decision 2005/671/JHA of 20 September 2005 on the exchange of information and cooperation concerning terrorist offences. Official Journal of the European Union, L 253.

    Google Scholar 

  • Council of the EU (2006b, October 10). Comprehensive Operational Strategic Planning for the Police (COSPOL), doc. 5859/4/06 REV 4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Council of the EU (2009d, June 4). Council decision 2009/426/JHA of 16 December 2008 on the strengthening of Eurojust and amending decision 2002/187/JHA setting up Eurojust with a view to reinforcing the fight against serious crime. Official Journal of the European Union, L 138.

    Google Scholar 

  • Council of the EU (2010d, September 3). EU policy cycle, 12657/1/10 REV 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Council of the EU (2010e, July 5). Expert group—EU policy cycle, doc. 11814/10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Council of the EU (2010g December 3). 3051st Council meeting Justice and Home Affairs. Press Release, doc. 16918/10, Brussels.

    Google Scholar 

  • Council of the EU (2012b, July 4). Serious and Organised Crime Threat Assessment (SOCTA)—Methodology, doc. 12159/12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deflem, M. (2006). Europol and the policing of international terrorism: Counter-terrorism in a global perspective. Justice Quarterly, 23(3), 336–359.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deflem, M. (2010). The policing of terrorism: Organizational and global perspectives. New York/Abingdon: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Moor, A., & Vermeulen, G. (2010). The Europol Council Decision: Transforming Europol into an agency of the European Union. Common Market Law Review, 47(4), 1089–1121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duke, S. (2006). Intelligence, security, and information flows in CFSP. Intelligence and National Security, 21(4), 604–630.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eurojust (2014). Strategic project on environmental crime. Report. The Hague: Eurojust.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eurojust (2015). Annual report 2014. The Hague: Eurojust.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Council (2005, March 3). The Hague programme: Strengthening freedom, security and justice in the European Union. Official Journal of the European Union, C 53.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Parliament and the Council of the EU (2011, November 22). Regulation (EU) no 1168/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2011 amending Council Regulation (EC) No 2007/2004 establishing a European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union. Official Journal of the European Union, L 304.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Parliament and the Council of the EU (2013b, November 6). Regulation (EU) no 1052/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2013 establishing the European Border Surveillance System (Eurosur). Official Journal of the European Union, L 295.

    Google Scholar 

  • Europol (1995). Convention based on Article K.3 of the Treaty on European Union, on the establishment of a European Police Office (Europol Convention). Official Journal of the European Communities, C 316, 27 November.

    Google Scholar 

  • Europol. (2000). Analytical guidelines. The Hague: Europol.

    Google Scholar 

  • Europol. (2006). EU organised crime threat assessment 2006. The Hague: Europol.

    Google Scholar 

  • Europol (2009a). Europol strategy 2010–2014. EUROPOL Management Board, doc. 1424-73r1, 2 November.

    Google Scholar 

  • Europol (2010). Europol launches scan system for strategic notices on newly identified organised crime threats, 1 January. At https://www.europol.europa.eu/sites/default/files/publications/2010-oc-scan-threat-notice-open-version.pdf. Accessed 11 Jan 2010.

  • Europol (2012). New AWF concept. Guide for MS and third parties, doc. Europol no. 525188v14, 31 May.

    Google Scholar 

  • Europol. (2013). SOCTA 2013. EU serious and organised crime threat assessment. The Hague: European Police Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Europol. (2015a). TE-SAT 2015. The Hague: European Police Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fägersten, B. (2010). Bureaucratic resistance to international intelligence cooperation—The case of Europol. Intelligence and National Security, 25(4), 500–520.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frenkel, M., Hommel, U., & Rudolf, M. (Eds.). (2005). Risk management. Challenge and opportunity (2nd ed.). Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frontex. (2013a). Annual risk analysis 2013. Warsaw: Frontex Risk Analysis Unit.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frontex (2013b). Strategic analysis. At http://frontex.europa.eu/intelligence/strategic-analysis. Accessed 27 May 2014.

  • Gill, P. (2010). Integrated terrorist threat assessment in Europe: An overview. In Belgian Standing Intelligence Agencies Review Committee (Ed.), Fusion centres throughout Europe. All-source threat assessments in the fight against terrorism. Antwerp/Oxford/Portland: Intersentia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gruszczak, A. (2013). EU intelligence-led policing: The case of counter-terrorism cooperation. In M. O’Neill, K. Swinton, & A. Winter (Eds.), New challenges for the EU internal security strategy. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Houben, M. (2005). International crisis management: The approach of European states. Abingdon/New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaiafa-Gbandi, M. (2010). Harmonisation of Criminal Procedure on the Basis of Common Principles. The EU’s Challenge for Rule-of-Law Transnational Crime Control. In C. Fijnaut & J. Ouwerkerk (Eds.), The Future of Police and Judicial Cooperation in the European Union. Leiden-London: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jablonowski, M. (2006). Precautionary risk management. Dealing with catastrophic loss potentials in business, the community and society. Basingstoke/New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leonard, S. (2009). The creation of FRONTEX and the politics of institutionalisation in the EU external borders policy. Journal of Contemporary European Research, 5(3), 371–388.

    Google Scholar 

  • Löfstedt, R. E. (2005). Risk management in post-trust societies. Basingstoke/New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Mounier, G. (2009b). Europol: A new player in the EU external policy field? Perspectives on European Politics and Society, 10(4), 582–602.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Müller-Wille, B. (2006). Improving the democratic accountability of EU intelligence. Intelligence and National Security, 21(1), 100–128.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nomikos, J. M. (2007). Transatlantic intelligence cooperation, the Global War on terrorism, and international order. In Y. A. Stivachtis (Ed.), International order in a globalizing world. Aldershot/Burlington: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norman, T. L. (2010). Risk analysis and security countermeasure selection. Boca Raton/London/New York: CRC Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pollak, J., & Slominski, P. (2009). Experimentalist but not accountable governance? The role of Frontex in managing the EU’s external borders. West European Politics, 32(5), 904–924.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Power, M. (2007). Organized uncertainty. Designing a world of risk management. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ratcliffe, J. H. (2008). Intelligence-led policing. Cullompton/Portland: Willan Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robertson, S. (1997). Intelligence-led policing: A European Union view. In A. Smith (Ed.), Intelligence-led policing. International perspectives on policing in the 21st century. Lawrenceville: IALEIA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheren, M. (2009). Vernetzte Sicherheit—Zusammenarbeit der Inlandsnachrichten- und Sicherheitsdienste in Europa. In T. Jäger & A. Daun (Eds.), Geheimdienste in Europa: Transformation, Kooperation und Kontrolle. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scherrer, N., Jeandesboz, J., & Guittet, P.-E. (2011). Developing an EU internal security strategy, fighting terrorism and organised crime. Brussels: European Parliament.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seiffarth, O. (2011). The development of the European Border Surveillance System (EUROSUR). In J. P. Burgess & S. Gutwirth (Eds.), A threat against Europe? Security, migration and integration. Brussels: VUBPRESS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Statewatch (1996). EU whatever happened to the Trevi network? Statewatch Bulletin, 6(3), 1–2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suominen, A. (2008). The past, present and the future of Eurojust. Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law, 15(2), 217–234.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trauner, F. (2012). The European Parliament and agency control in the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice. West European Politics, 35(4), 784–802.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • UK Presidency (2005). A European Criminal Intelligence Model. Paper issued by the 2005 UK Presidency of the EU.

    Google Scholar 

  • UNODC. (2011). Criminal intelligence. Manual for analysts. New York: United Nations.

    Google Scholar 

  • US Department Of Justice (2003). National criminal intelligence sharing plan. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs. At http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/files/ric/CDROMs/LEIntelGuide/pubs/National_Criminal_Intelligence_Sharing_Plan.pdf. Accessed 14 May 2013.

  • Van Duyne, P. C. (2007). OCTA 2006: The unfulfilled promise. Trends in Organised Crime, 10(2), 120–128.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vellani, K. H. (2007). Strategic security management. A risk assessment guide for decision makers. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vidalis, S. (2003). A critical discussion of risk and threat analysis methods and methodologies. At http://www.comp.glam.ac.uk. Accessed 27 Apr 2014.

  • Wainwright, R. (2012, June). The future of the EU internal security after 2014: Will the UK remain a major player?. Speech at the European Institute, University College of London. At http://www.ucl.ac.uk/european-institute/highlights/europol. Accessed 13 June 2012.

  • Weyemberg, A., Armada, I., & Brière, C. (2014). The inter-agency cooperation and future architecture of the EU criminal justice and law enforcement area. Brussels: European Parliament.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolff, S., & Schout, A. (2013). Frontex as agency: More of the same? Perspectives on European Politics and Society, 14(3), 305–324.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xanthaki, H. (2006). Eurojust: Fulfilled or empty promises in EU criminal law? European Journal of Law Reform, VIII(2/3), 175–197.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoe, C. (2012). Primer on risk analysis. Decision making under uncertainty. Boca Raton: CRC Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zoutendijk, A. J. (2010). Organised crime threat assessments: A critical review. Crime, Law and Social Change, 54(1), 63–86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland

    Artur Gruszczak

Authors
  1. Artur Gruszczak
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Copyright information

© 2016 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Gruszczak, A. (2016). Criminal Intelligence in the EU. In: Intelligence Security in the European Union. New Security Challenges. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-45512-3_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation