Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Insights on the Social Construction of Europe: Patterns in the Permanent State of Euro-Crisis

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Active Citizenship in Europe

Part of the book series: Palgrave Studies in European Political Sociology ((PSEPS))

  • 520 Accesses

Abstract

The theoretical background of this book follows the social constructivist insights that have been driving the theoretical discussions surrounding European Union (EU) studies since the late 1990s. It is indeed particularly important the emphasis given on the development of practices, points of view, and beliefs stimulated through the interaction between institutional actors and nonstate actors that ultimately influence patterns of civic and political behavior. It is therefore argued that citizenship is a socially constructed concept that involves both passive and active elements and it is mediated through interactions between different policy actors that associate different meanings with its exercise (Bee and Guerrina 2014). This pattern clearly emerged in EU integration studies across the 1990s and furnishes a valid interpretative framework in order to understand the adoption of identity building instruments by European institutions and foremost by the European Commission (Christiansen et al. 1999; Laffan 2004). At the same time, it provides invaluable elements in order to interpret conflicting and diverging discourses that emerge from the civil society at the EU level, in one member state (such as Italy), in one associated country (such as Turkey), and in a leaving country (such as the UK). The emergency situation that is characterizing the EU since at least the start of the democratic crisis in 2005 had the effect to inspire processes of formation of active citizenship that have undoubtedly been stimulated by the EU through public policy, but at the same time are resulting from the embracement of participatory behaviors by civil society activists that more and more have become critical voices in EU politics. This chapter introduces the theoretical framework of the book, while at the same time it looks at the challenges emerging along the democratic, financial, and migration crises, with a specific focus on active citizenship.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Bibliography

  • Anderson, B. (1983). Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baban, F., Ilcan, S. and Rygiel, K. (2017). Syrian Refugees in Turkey: Pathways to Precarity, Differential Inclusion, and Negotiated Citizenship Rights. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 43(1): 41–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barth, F. (1969). Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: The Social Organization of Culture Difference. Boston: Little, Brown.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bee, C. (2008). The Institutionally Constructed European Identity: Public Sphere and Citizenship Narrated by the Commission. Perspectives on European Politics and Society 9(4): 431–450.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bee, C. (2010). Understanding the EU’s Institutional Communication. Principles and Structure of a Contested Policy, pp. 83–98 in Mapping the European Public Sphere. Institutions, Media and Civil Society, edited by Bee, C. and E. Bozzini Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bee, C. and Guerrina, R. (2014). Participation, Dialogue, and Civic Engagement: Understanding the Role of Organized Civil Society in Promoting Active Citizenship in the European Union. Journal of Civil Society 10(1): 29–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bellamy, R. (2000). Rethinking Liberalism. London: Pinter.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bellamy, R. and Castiglione, D. (2001). The Uses of Democracy: Reflections on the European Democratic Deficit, pp. 65–84 in Democracy in the EU: Integration through Deliberation, edited by Eriksen E.O. and J.E. Fossum. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bellamy, R. and Castiglione, D. (2011). Democracy by Delegation? Who Represents Whom and How in European Governance. Government and Opposition 46(1): 101–125.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bellamy, R. and Castiglione, D. (2013). Three Models of Democracy, Political Community and Representation in the EU. Journal of European of Public Policy 20(2): 206–223.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bobba, G. and McDonnell, D. (2016). Different Types of Right-Wing Populist Discourse in Government and Opposition: The Case of Italy. South European Society and Politics 21(3): 281–299.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boje, T.P. (2010). Commentary: Participatory Democracy, Active Citizenship, and Civic Organizations-Conditions for Volunteering and Activism. Journal of Civil Society 6(2): 189–192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boje, T.P. (2015). Organized Civil Society, Participation and Citizenship in Europe: The Impact of the Economic and Social Crisis, pp. 149–168 in Europe’s Prolonged Crisis: The Making or the Unmaking of a Political Union, edited by Ruzza, C., Trenz, H.-J. and V. Guiraudon. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caligiuri, M. (1997). Lineamenti di Comunicazione Pubblica. Messina: Rubbettino Editore.

    Google Scholar 

  • CEC. (1985). A People’s Europe. Reports from the Ad hoc Committee. Bulletin of the European Communities, Supplement 7/85.

    Google Scholar 

  • CEC. (1988). A People’s Europe. COM (88) 331 final.

    Google Scholar 

  • CEC. (2005a). The Commission’s contribution to the Period of Reflection and Beyond: Plan-D for Democracy, Dialogue and Debate. COM (2005) 494 final.

    Google Scholar 

  • CEC. (2006a). White Paper on a European Communication Policy. COM (2006) 35 final.

    Google Scholar 

  • CEC. (2007a). Europe for Citizens Programme 2007–2013. Programme Guide. Brussels: Directorate-General for Communication and Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency.

    Google Scholar 

  • CEC. (2008a). Debate Europe—Building on the Experience of Plan D for Democracy, Dialogue and Debate. COM (2008) 158.

    Google Scholar 

  • CEC. (2010d). Europe 2020 a Strategy for Smart, Sustainable and Inclusive Growth. COM(2010) 2020 final.

    Google Scholar 

  • CEC. (2014a). Europe for Citizens Programme 2014–2020. Programme Guide. Brussels: Directorate-General for Communication and Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency.

    Google Scholar 

  • CEC. (2015a). A European Agenda on Migration. COM(2015) 240 final.

    Google Scholar 

  • CEC. (2015b). Managing the Refugee Crisis: Immediate Operational, Budgetary and Legal Measures Under the European Agenda on Migration. COM(2015) 490 final/2.

    Google Scholar 

  • CEC. (2015c). Managing the Refugee Crisis: State of Play of the Implementation of the Priority Actions Under the European Agenda on Migration. COM(2015) 510 final.

    Google Scholar 

  • CEC. (2015d). EU-Turkey Joint Action Plan. MEMO/15/5860.

    Google Scholar 

  • CEC. (2016a). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on the State of Play of Implementation of the Priority Actions Under the European Agenda on Migration. COM(2016) 85 final.

    Google Scholar 

  • CEC. (2016b). Back to Schengen – A Roadmap. COM(2016) 120 final.

    Google Scholar 

  • CEC. (2016c). First Report on Relocation and Resettlement. COM(2016) 165 final.

    Google Scholar 

  • CEC. (2016d). Second Report on Relocation and Resettlement. COM(2016) 222 final.

    Google Scholar 

  • CEC. (2016e). Third Report on Relocation and Resettlement. COM(2016) 360 final.

    Google Scholar 

  • CEC. (2016f). Fourth Report on Relocation and Resettlement. COM(2016) 416 final

    Google Scholar 

  • CEC. (2016g). Implementing the EU-Turkey Statement – Questions and Answers. MEMO/16/1664.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cederman, L.E. (2000). Nationalism and Bounded Integration: What It Would take to Construct a European Demos. EUI Working Papers, RSC 2000/34, Florence, EUI.

    Google Scholar 

  • Checkel, J.T. (1999). Social Construction and Integration. Journal of European Public Policy 6(4): 545–560.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Checkel, J.T. (2001). The Europeanization of Citizenship? pp. 180–197 in Transforming Europe: Europeanization and Domestic Change, edited by Cowles, M.G., Caporaso, J.A. and T. Risse. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Checkel, J.T. and Katzenstein, P.J. (Eds.) (2009). European Identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christiansen, T., Jorgensen, K.E. and Wiener, A. (Eds.) (1999). The Social Construction of Europe. Journal of European Public Policy 6:4 (Special Issue).

    Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, H., Whiteley, P., Borges, W., Sanders, D. and Stewart, M. (2016). Modelling the Dynamics of Support for a Right-Wing Populist Party: The Case of UKIP. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties 26(2): 135–154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Closa, C. (1992). The Concept of Citizenship in the Treaty on EU. Common Market Law Review 29: 1139–1169.

    Google Scholar 

  • Closa, C. (1995). Citizenship of the Union and Nationality of the Member States. Common Market Law Review 32: 487–518.

    Google Scholar 

  • Closa, C. and Vintila, D. (2014). European Citizenship in a Time of Crisis, pp. 19–31 in The State of the European Union: How Europeans Deal with These Times of Crisis, edited by D. López Garrido. Madrid: Fundación Alternativas & Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, A.P. (1985). The Symbolic Construction of Community. London: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Collett, E. (2016). The Paradox of the EU-Turkey Refugee Deal. Migration Policy Institute Europe. Available at: http://www.migrationpolicy.org/news/paradox-eu-turkey-refugee-deal (Last Accessed 01 July 2016).

  • D’Oultremont, C. (2015). The Migration Crisis: A Stress Test for European Values. European Policy BriefEgmont – Royal Institute for International Relations. Available at: http://www.egmontinstitute.be/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Policy-Brief-Migration-final-CO.pdf (Last Accessed 01 July 2016).

  • De Beus, J. (2010). The European Union and the Public Sphere: Conceptual Issues, Political Tensions, Moral Concerns, Empirical Questions, pp. 13–33 in The Making of a European Public Sphere: Media Discourse and Political Contention, edited by Koopmans, R. and P. Statham. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Wilde, P. and Trenz H.J. (2012). Denouncing European Integration: Euroscepticism as Polity Contestation. European Journal of Social Theory 15(4): 537–554.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • EESC. (2011). Europe 2020 Strategy. Civil Society Involvement in the National Reform Programmes. Brussels, 28 February 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eriksen, E.O. (2004). Conceptualizing European Public Spheres: General, Segmented and Strong Publics. ARENA Working Paper 3/04. Available at: http://www.sv.uio.no/arena/english/research/projects/cidel/old/WorkshopStirling/PaperEriksen.pdf (Last Accessed 01 July 2016).

  • European Council. (1984). Fontainebleau European Council. Bulletin of the European Communities, No. 6/1984.

    Google Scholar 

  • Faist, T. (2001). Social Citizenship in the European Union: Nested Membership. Journal of Common Market Studies 39(1): 37–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Favell, A. and Recchi, E. (2011). Social Mobility and Spatial Mobility, pp. 50–76 in Sociology of the European Union, edited by Favell A. and V. Guiradon. Basingstoke: Palgrave.

    Google Scholar 

  • Follesdal, A. (2001). Union Citizenship: Unpacking the Beast of Burden. Arena Working Papers WP 01/9. Available at: http://www.sv.uio.no/arena/english/research/publications/arena-working-papers/2001-2010/2001/wp01_9.htm (Last Accessed 01 July 2015).

  • Garrido, D.L. (2014). Introduction: The European Citizenship Deficit, pp. 13–18 in The State of the European Union: How Europeans Deal with These Times of Crisis, edited by D.L. Garrido. Madrid: Fundación Alternativas & Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Geddes, A. and Taylor, A. (2016). In the Shadow of Fortress Europe? Impacts of European Migration Governance on Slovenia, Croatia and Macedonia. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 42(4): 587–605.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giddens, A. (2006). A Social Model for Europe, pp. 14–36 in Global Europe, Social Europe, edited by Giddens, A. Diamond, P. and R. Liddle. Cambridge: Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giddens, A. (2007). Europe in the Global Age. Cambridge: Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenwood, J. (2007). Interest Representation in the European Union. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenwood, J. and Halpin, D. (2007). The European Commission and the Public Governance of Interest Groups in the European Union: Seeking a Niche Between Accreditation and Laissez-faire. Perspectives on European Politics and Society 8(2): 190–211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guiraudon, V., Ruzza, C. and Trenz H.J. (Eds.) (2015). Europe’s Prolonged Crisis. The Making or the Unmaking of a Political Union. London: Palgrave.

    Google Scholar 

  • Habermas, J. (1989). The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society. Cambridge: Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Habermas, J. (1994). Citizenship and National Identity, pp. 20–35 in The Condition of Citizenship, edited by B. Van Steenbergen. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Habermas, J. (2001). The Postnational Constellation: Political Essays. Cambridge: Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heisbourg, F. (2015). The Strategic Implications of the Syrian Refugee Crisis. Survival 57(6): 7–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hooghe, L. and Marks, G. (2005). Calculation, Community, and Cues: Public Opinion on European Integration. European Union Politics 6(4): 421–445.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoskins, B. and Kerr, D. (2012). Final study summary and policy recommendations: participatory citizenship in the European Union. Southampton, UK: University of Southampton Education School. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/citizenship/pdf/report_4_final_study_summary_and_policy_recommendations_.pdf (Last Accessed 01 July 2016).

  • Kantola, J. (2010). Gender and the European Union. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kohler-Koch, B. and Rittberger, B. (Eds.) (2007). Debating the Democratic Legitimacy of the European Union. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kostakopolou, D. (2001). Citizenship, Identity, and Immigration in the European Union: Between Past and Future. Manchester, New York: Manchester University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kostakopoulou, D. (2008). The Evolution of European Union Citizenship. European Political Science 7: 285–295.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laffan, B. (2004). The European Union and Its Institutions as Identity Builders, pp. 75–96 in Transnational Identities: Becoming European in the EU, edited by Hermann, R.K., Risse, T. and M.B. Brewer. Lanham (Md.): Rowman & Littlefield.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lehning, P.B. (1997). European Citizenship: A Mirage? pp. 175–199 in Citizenship, Democracy and Justice in the New Europe, edited by Lehning, P.B. and A. Weale. London: Routledge, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matthijs, M. (2014). Mediterranean Blues: The Crisis in Southern Europe. Journal of Democracy 25(1): 101–115.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meehan, E.M. (1997). Citizenship and Social Inclusion in the European Union, pp. 23–34 in European Citizenship and Social Exclusion, edited by Roche, M. and R. Van Berkel. Aldershot: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Memisoglu, F. and Ilgit, A. (2016). Syrian Refugees in Turkey: Multifaceted Challenges, Diverse Players and Ambiguous Policies. Mediterranean Politics (Early view). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13629395.2016.1189479.

  • Miller, D. (2000). Citizenship and National Identity. Cambridge: Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mouffe, C. (1992). Democratic Citizenship and the Political Community, pp. 225–239 in Dimensions of Radical Democracy: Pluralism, Citizenship, Community, edited by C. Mouffe. London: Verso.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Leary, S. (1995). The Social Dimension of Community Citizenship, pp. 156–181 in A Citizens’ Europe. In Search of a New Order, edited by Rosas, A. and E. Antola. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Passarelli, G. (2013). Extreme Right Parties in Western Europe: the Case of the Italian Northern League. Journal of Modern Italian Studies 18(1): 53–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pukallus, S. (2016). Representations of European Citizenship Since 1951. London: Palgrave.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Risse, T. (1996). Exploring the Nature of the Beast: International Relations Theory and Comparative Policy Analysis Meet the European Union. Journal of Common Market Studies 34(1): 53–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Risse, T. (2009). Social Constructivism and European Integration, pp. 144–158 in European Integration Theory, edited by Antje Wiener A. and T. Diez. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Risse, T. (2010). A Community of Europeans? Transnational Identities and Public Spheres. Ithaca NY: Cornell University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roche M. (1997). Citizenship and Exclusion: Reconstructing the European Union, pp. 3–22 in European Citizenship and Social Exclusion, edited by Roche, M. and R. Van Berkel. Aldershot: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruzza, C. (2004). Europe and Civil Society: Movements Coalitions and European Governance. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruzza, C. (2011). The International Protection Regime for Minorities, the Aftermath of the 2008 Financial Crisis and the EU: New Challenges for Non-State Actors. International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 18(2): 219–234.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sánchez-Salgado, R. (2007). Giving a European Dimension to Civil Society Organisations. Journal of Civil Society 3(3): 253–269.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sassatelli, M. (2009). Becoming Europeans: Cultural Identity and Cultural Policies. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Schimmelfennig, F. (2014). European Integration in the Euro Crisis: The Limits of Postfunctionalism. Journal of European Integration 36(3): 321–337.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schlesinger, P. (2003). The Babel of Europe. An Essay on Networks and Communicative Spaces. ARENA Working Paper 22 (3). Available at: http://www.sv.uio.no/arena/english/research/publications/arena-working-papers/2001-2010/2003/wp03_22.pdf (Last Accessed 01 July 2016).

  • Scholten, P. and van Nispen, F. (2015). Policy Analysis and the “Migration Crisis”: Introduction Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice 17(1): 1–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shore, C. (1994). Citizens’ Europe and the Construction of European Identity, pp. 275–298 in The Anthropology of Europe: Identities and Boundaries in Conflict, edited by Goddard, V.A., Llobera, J.R. and C. Shore. Oxford, UK: Berg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shore, C. (2000). Building Europe: The Cultural Politics of European Integration. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shore, C. (2013). Divided by a Common Currency: The Euro Crisis and European Citizenship, pp. 168–181 in The Single Currency and European Citizenship Unveiling the Other Side of the Coin, edited by M. Giovanni. New York: Bloomsbury Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, A.D. (1992). National Identity and the Idea of European Unity. International Affairs 68: 55–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sommer, S. (2013). Opening Fortress Europe? Constructing a New Approach to EU Migration Policy. Brussels Journal of International Studies 10: 42–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soysal, Y.N. (2002). Locating Europe. European Societies 4(3): 265–284.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sternberg, C. (2013). The Struggle for EU Legitimacy. Public Contestation, 1950–2005. London: Palgrave.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Sykes, R. (1997). Social Policy, Social Exclusion and Citizenship in the European Union. The Right to be Unequal? pp. 138–150 in European Citizenship and Social Exclusion, edited by Roche, M. and R. Van Berkel. Aldershot: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trauner, F. (2016). Asylum Policy: The EU’s ‘Crises’ and the Looming Policy Regime Failure. Journal of European Integration 38(3): 311–325.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trenz, H.J. (2010). The Europeanisation of Political Communication: Conceptual Clarifications and Empirical Measurement, pp. 15–30 in Mapping the European Public Sphere. Institutions, Media and Civil Society, edited by Bee, C. and E. Bozzini. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Triandafyllidou, A. (2015). EU Migration Talks: What EU Governments Can Do to Help Solve the Crisis. LSE Europp Blog. Available at: http://bit.ly/1OldNuK (Last Accessed 01 July 2016).

  • UNHCR. (2016). UNHCR’s Reaction to Statement of the EU Heads of State and Government of Turkey, 7 March. Available at: http://www.unhcr.org/56de9e176.html (Last Accessed 01 August 2016).

  • Usherwood, S. (2016). Did Ukip Win the Referendum? Political Insight 7(2): 27–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Usherwood, S. and Startin, N. (2013). Euroscepticism as a Persistent Phenomenon. Journal of Common Market Studies 51(1): 1–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vasilopoulou, S. (2011) European Integration and the Radical Right: Three Patterns of Opposition. Government and Opposition 46(2): 223–244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Verbeek, B. and Zaslove, A. (2016). Italy: a Case of Mutating Populism? Democratization 23(2): 304–323.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vilpišauskas, R. (2013). Eurozone Crisis and European Integration: Functional Spillover, Political Spillback? Journal of European Integration 35(3): 361–373.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wadsworth, J., Dhingra, S., Ottaviano, G. and Van Reenen, J. (2016). Brexit and the Impact of Immigration on the UK. London: Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warleigh, A. (2001). Europeanizing Civil Society: NGOs as Agents of Political Socialization in the European Union. Journal of Common Market Studies 39(4): 619–639.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weiler, J.H.H. (1999). The Constitution of Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiener, A. (1998). European Citizenship Practice. Building Institutions of a Non State. Oxford: Westview Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiener, A. (2007). European Citizenship Practice. Paper Prepared for Presentation at the European Union Studies Association (EUSA) Tenth Biennial International Conference in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, May 17–May 19, 2007. Available at: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1911084 (Last Accessed 01 July 2016).

  • Wiener, A. and Diez, T. (2004). European Integration Theory. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Kadir Has University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Cristiano Bee

Authors
  1. Cristiano Bee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Copyright information

© 2017 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bee, C. (2017). Insights on the Social Construction of Europe: Patterns in the Permanent State of Euro-Crisis . In: Active Citizenship in Europe. Palgrave Studies in European Political Sociology. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-45317-4_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-45317-4_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-137-45316-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-137-45317-4

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation