The Warrior State pp 1-13 | Cite as
Military Service, Citizenship, and the International Environment
Abstract
Political freedom begins with military service. This plain statement could have passed unchallenged as late as a century ago. From early Greek philosophy through the Enlightenment, the notion that those who fight for the state inevitably rule it was not only politically deterministic—it was morally just. Military service in support of state and society obliged certain social rights that eventually became codified in the form of government.1 Early modernists would extend these beliefs to their maximum practical application. Liberal democracy they insisted, with its principled goal of the complete dispersion of social rights, was possible only with universal military service.
Keywords
Armed Force Military Service Liberal Democracy Political Structure Military ForcePreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Notes
- 2.David Apter, The Politics of Modernization (Chicago: University Press, 1965), 450. My emphasis.Google Scholar
- 3.See Brian Downing’s, Military Revolution and Political Change (Princeton: University Press, 1992), 238–40.Google Scholar
- 4.David Singer and Melvin Small, “The War Proneness of Democratic Regimes,” Jerusalem Journal of International Relations 1 (1976)Google Scholar
- 4.Michael Doyle, “Kant, Liberal Legacies, and Foreign Affairs, parts 1 and 2,” Philosophy and Public Affairs 12 (1983), 206–35 and 323–53.Google Scholar
- 5.See John Owen, “How Liberalism Produces Peace,” International Security 19 (1994), 87–125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 5.An excellent overview is Bruce Russet, Grasping the Democratic Peace (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993).Google Scholar
- 6.William Thompson, “Democracy and Peace: Putting the Cart Before the Horse,” International Organization 50 (January 1996), 141–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 7.John Mearsheimer, “Back to the Future: Instability in Europe After the Cold War,” International Security 15 (Summer 1990), 5–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 8.Zeev Maoz and Bruce Russett, “Normative and Structural Causes of the Democratic Peace, 1946–86,” American Political Science Review 87 (September 1993), 624–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 9.Jack Snyder, Myths of Empire (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1991), 9–10 and 258–59.Google Scholar
- 10.Classics include Seymour Lipset, “Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy,” American Political Science Review 53 (March 1959), 69–105CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 10.Classics include Seymour Lipset, Political Man (New York: Doubleday, 1960)Google Scholar
- 10.Dankwart Rustow, “Transitions to Democracy: Toward a Dynamic Model,” Comparative Politics 2 (Summer 1970), 337–64CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 10.and Robert Dahl, Polyarchy (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1971)Google Scholar
- 10.Robert Dahl, A Preface to Economic Democracy (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1985).Google Scholar
- 11.Otto Hintze, The Historical Essays, translated by Felix Gilbert (New York: Oxford University Press, 1975), 181.Google Scholar
- 12.Charles Tilly, “Reflections on the History of European State-Making,” in Charles Tilly (ed.), Formation of National States in Western Europe (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1975), 42.Google Scholar
- 14.See Michael Howard, War in European History (New York: Oxford University Press, 1976), 94–96.Google Scholar
- 15.Stanislas Andreski, Military Organization and Society (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1954), 68–70.Google Scholar
- 16.Jean-Paul Bertaud, The Army of the French Revolution, translated by Robert Palmer (Princeton: University Press, 1988).Google Scholar
- 17.Fisher Ames, “Conservative Forebodings,” in Russel Kirk (ed.), The Portable Conservative Reader (New York: Viking Penguin, 1982), 92. My emphasis.Google Scholar
- 19.Alfred Vagts, A History of Militarism (New York: W.W. Norton, 1937), 167.Google Scholar
- 21.Sue Berryman, Who Serves? (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1987), 10Google Scholar
- 21.Dennis Segal, Recruiting for Uncle Sam (Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1989), 10.Google Scholar
- 22.Joseph Glatthaar, Forged in Battle (New York: Free Press, 1990), 231.Google Scholar
- 23.Charles Moskas, “Social Considerations of the All-Volunteer Force,” Military Service in the United States. American Assembly Book (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1982), 136.Google Scholar
- 27.Gunnar Myrdal, An American Dilemma (New York: Harper, 1944).Google Scholar
- 28.Richard Dalfume, Desegregation of the U.S. Armed Forces (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1969), 1.Google Scholar
- 30.Martin Binkim and Shirley Bach, Women and the Military (Washington DC: Brookings Institution, 1977), 37–38.Google Scholar
- 32.Colin Cameron and Judith Blackstone, Minorities in the Armed Forces (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1970), 1.Google Scholar