The European Union as a Diplomatic Actor pp 69-87 | Cite as
Diplomacy at the Individual Level: The Role of EU Special Representatives in European Foreign Policy
Abstract
By creating the position of the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy/Vice-President of the EU Commission (HRVP) and by establishing the European External Action Service (EEAS), the Lisbon Treaty changed the conduct of EU foreign policy significantly. One diplomatic instrument that has remained intact is the European Union Special Representatives (EUSRs), who are appointed by the Council and operate under the responsibility of the HR/VP. What is the added value of the EUSRs for EU foreign policy and why have they been retained as a policy tool? This chapter will analyse the role of the EUSRs in the implementation of the Union’s foreign policy and particularly focus on their value for EU diplomacy at the individual level.
Keywords
Foreign Policy European Parliament Lisbon Treaty Council Decision Security Sector ReformPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
- Adebahr, C. (2009) Learning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special Representatives (Baden-Baden: Nomos).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Boonstra, J. (2011) ‘The EU’s Interests in Central Asia: Integrating Energy, Security and Values into Coherent Policy’, Bonn: European Development Cooperation to 2020 Project.Google Scholar
- Buckley, J. (2010) ‘Can the EU Be More Effective in Afghanistan?’, London: Centre for European Reform.Google Scholar
- Council of the EU (2003) ‘EU Special Representatives: Guidelines on Appointment, Mandate and Financing’, Doc. 13833/03,17/11/2003.Google Scholar
- Council of the EU (2005) ‘Opening Remarks By Javier Solana, EU High Representative for CFSP, Seminar With EU Special Representatives’, Doc. S239/05,29/06/2005.Google Scholar
- Council of the EU (2007a) ‘Guidelines on Appointment, Mandate and Financing of EU Special Representatives’, Doc. 11328/1/07,24/07/2007.Google Scholar
- Council of the EU (2007b) ‘Javier Solana, EU High Representative for the CFSP, and Louis Michel, European Commissioner for Relations with Africa, Caribbean and Pacific, and for Development and Humanitarian Aid, Welcome the Appointment of Koen Vervaeke as EU Special Representative to the African Union and Head of the Commission Delegation’, Doc. S355/07,6/12/2007.Google Scholar
- Council of the EU (2009) ‘Strengthening EU Action in Afghanistan and Pakistan, Conclusions of the 2971st External Relations Council Meeting’,27/11/2009.Google Scholar
- Council of the EU (2010a) ‘Council Decision Establishing the Organisation and Functioning of the European External Action Service’, Doc. 11665/1/10,20/07/2010.Google Scholar
- Council of the EU (2010b) ‘Draft Council Decision Establishing the Organisation and Functioning of the European External Action Service’, Doc. 8029/10,25/03/2010.Google Scholar
- Council of the EU (2010c) ‘3048th Council Meeting Foreign Affairs’, Press Release, Doc. 16573/10,22/11/2010.Google Scholar
- Council of the EU (2011a) ‘Council Decision Amending and Extending Decision 2010/450/CFSP Appointing the European Union Special Representative for Sudan’, Doc. 2011/499/CFSP,1/08/2011.Google Scholar
- Council of the EU (2011b) ‘Council Decision Appointing a European Union Special Representative for the Southern Mediterranean Region’, Doc. 2011/424/CFSP,18/07/2011.Google Scholar
- Council of the EU (2011c) ‘Council Decision Appointing the European Union Special Representative for the South Caucasus and the Crisis in Georgia’, Doc. 2011/518/CFSP,25/08/2011.Google Scholar
- Council of the EU (2011d) ‘Council Decision on Extending the Mandate of the European Union Special Representative in Afghanistan’, Doc. 2011/427/CFSP.18/07/2011.Google Scholar
- Council of the EU (2011e) ‘Council Decision Extending the Mandate of the European Union Special Representative to the African Union’, Doc. 2011/621/CFSP,21/11/2011.Google Scholar
- Council of the EU (2013), ‘Council Decision Amending and Extending the Mandate of the European Union Special Representative for the Middle East peace process’, Doc. 2013/350/CFSP,2/7/2013.Google Scholar
- EU Inside (2010) ‘The Madrid Compromise Unblocked the Establishment of the European Diplomatic Service’, 11/07/2010.Google Scholar
- European External Action Service (2010) ‘Speech by High Representative Catherine Ashton to the European Parliament on the Creation of the European External Action Service, Strasbourg’, Doc. A 127/10,7/07/2010.Google Scholar
- European External Action Service (2013) ‘EEAS Review’, available at: http://eeas.europa.eu/library/publications/2013/3/2013_eeas_review_en.pdfGoogle Scholar
- European Union (2006) ‘Consolidated Versions of the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (Nice Treaty)’, Doc. C 321 E, 29/12/2006.Google Scholar
- European Union (2010) ‘Consolidated Versions of the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union’, Doc. 2010/C 83/01,30/03/2010.Google Scholar
- Flessenkemper, T. (2007) ‘EUPOL Proxima in Macedonia, 2003–2005’, in Merlingen, M. and Ostrauskaite, R. (2007) The European Security and Defence Policy: An Implementation Perspective (London: Routledge), pp. 78–96.Google Scholar
- Global Observatory (2013), ‘Interview with Patricia Flor, European Union Special Representative for Central Asia’, 17/05/2013, available at: http://theglobalob-servatory.org/interviews/499-interview-with-patricia-flor-european-union-special- representative-eusr-for-central-asia.htmlGoogle Scholar
- Grevi, G. (2007) ‘Pioneering Foreign Policy: The EU Special Representatives’, Chaillot Paper No. 106, Paris: European Union Institute for Security Studies.Google Scholar
- International Crisis Group (2006) ‘Central Asia: What Role for the European Union?’ Brussels: International Crisis Group.Google Scholar
- Socor, V. (2010) ‘Ashton’s Office Proposes Abolishing EU’s Special Representatives for Moldova and South Caucasus’, Eurasia Daily Monitor, 4/06/2010.Google Scholar
- The Parliament (2011) ‘MEPs Divided Over Success of EU Diplomatic Corps’, 6/10/2011.Google Scholar
- Tolksdorf, D. (2012) Die EU und Bosnien-Herzegowina: Auβenpolitik auf der Suche nach Kohärenz (Baden-Baden: Nomos).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Tolksdorf, D. (2013) ‘EU Special Representatives: An Intergovernmental Tool in the Post-Lisbon Foreign Policy System?’ European Foreign Affairs Review, 18(4): 471–486.Google Scholar
- UK House of Lords (2011) The EU and Sudan: On the Brink of Change. Report by the European Union Committee, 14/06/2011.Google Scholar
- UK House of Commons (2013) ‘Documents considered by the Committee on 19 June 2013’.Google Scholar
- Van der Zwan, J. (2011) ‘Evaluating the EU’s Role and Challenges in Sudan and South Sudan: Sudan and South Sudan Case Study’, London: International Alert.Google Scholar