Spirituality, Chronic Illness, and Healing: Unique Challenges and Opportunities

  • Michael J. Stoltzfus
  • Rebecca Green

Abstract

Understandings of health, well-being, disease, and illness have changed drastically over the past century, as life expectancy has increased and as treatments for diseases once considered fatal have created an experience we call chronic illness. Prior to the twentieth century, diseases either were resolved or resulted in death, and access to medical treatment was not available to most people. In developed nations today, there has been an epidemiological shift from shorter life expectancy and high death rates from acute, infectious, parasitic diseases to longer life expectancy and ongoing, chronic illness (Lynn & Adamson, 2003). According to Lynn and Adamson (2003), most Americans live their last days in institutional settings rather than at home, and most will spend the final two years of their life coping with chronic illness or disability. Adding to that group younger people with chronic illness, the aging baby-boomer generation which has yet to develop chronic illness, and those who encounter people with chronic illness at work, school, or in social settings, makes the potential range and impact of chronic illness seem overwhelming. In addition, societal changes have occurred that have altered the way people cope with chronic illness and disability. Today’s global society and highly transient lifestyle means that many people who live with chronic illness are not in situations in which they can be cared for, assisted by, or supported by nearby family members.

Keywords

Multiple Sclerosis Chronic Illness Spiritual Practice Spiritual Healing Pastoral Theology 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Arora, K. (2009). “Models of understanding chronic illness: Implications for pastoral theology and care.” The Journal of Pastoral Theology, 19(1), 22–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. Barnes, L. & Sered, S. (2005). Religion and healing in America. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
  3. Bishop, M. (2005). “Quality of life and psychological adaptation to chronic illness and disability: Preliminary analysis of a conceptual and theoretical synthesis.” Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 48, 219–231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. Bouma, G. (2000). “Spirituality and religion,” in M. Poole & R. Jureidini (eds). Sociology: Australian connections. Sydney: Allen and Unwin.Google Scholar
  5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2009). Chronic diseases at a glance: The power to prevent, the call to control. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/publications/AAG/pdf/chronic.pdf.Google Scholar
  6. Charmaz, K. (1983). Loss of self: A fundamental form of suffering in the chronically ill. Sociology of Health and Illness 5(2), 168–195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. Charmaz, K. (1991). Good days, bad days: The self in chronic illness and in time. NewBrunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.Google Scholar
  8. Charmaz, K. (1995). “The body, identity, and self: Adapting to impairment.” The Sociological Quarterly, 36, 657–680.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. Cook, C. C. H. (2004). “Addiction and spirituality.” Addiction, 99, 539–551.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. Eastland, L. S., Herndon, S. L. & Barr, J. (eds). (1999). Communication in recovery: Perspectives on twelve-step groups. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press, Inc.Google Scholar
  11. Fasching, D. & Dechant, D. (eds). (2001). Comparative religious ethics: A narrative approach. Maiden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.Google Scholar
  12. Frank. A. (1991). At the will of the body: Reflections on illness. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.Google Scholar
  13. Frank. A. (1995). The wounded story teller: Body, illness and ethics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. Frankl, V. (1984). Man’s search for meaning. New York: NY: Simon & Schuster.Google Scholar
  15. Garland-Thompson, R. (1994). “Redrawing the boundaries of feminist disability studies.” Feminist Studies, 20, 586.Google Scholar
  16. Garrett, C. (2001). “Sources of hope in chronic illness.” Health Sociology Review, 10(2): 99–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. Garrett, C. (2002). “Spirituality and healing in the sociology of chronic illness.” Health Sociology Review, 11(1–2), 61–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. Gockel, A. (2009). “Spirituality and the process of healing: A narrative study.” The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 19, 217–230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. Green, R. (2012). African American parents’ experiences in their children’s health care encounters (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from Kennesaw State University DigitalCommons: http://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/etd/498.Google Scholar
  20. Hagerty, B. & Patusky, K. (2003). “Reconceptualizing the nurse-patient relationship.” Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 35(2), 145–150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. Hawkins, H. (1993). Reconstructing illness: Studies in pathography. West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University Press.Google Scholar
  22. Kabat-Zinn, J. (2009). Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of the body and mind to facestress, pain and illness. New York: NY: Bantam Dell.Google Scholar
  23. Kaye, J. & Raghavan, S. K. (2002). “Spirituality in disability and illness.” Journal of Religion and Health, 47(3): 231–242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. Kleinman, A. (2006). What really matters: Living a moral life amidst uncertainty and danger. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
  25. Kleinman, A. (1988). The illness narratives. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
  26. Koenig, H., King, D. & Carson, V. (eds). (2012). Handbook of religion and health: Second edition. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
  27. Koenig, H. (2005). Afterword: A physician’s reflections. In L. Barnes & S. Sered (Eds). Religion and Healing in American. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 505–507.Google Scholar
  28. Koenig, H. G. (2000). “Religion, spirituality and medicine: Application to clinical practice.” Journal of the American Medical Association, 284, 1708–1731.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  29. Kohn, L. (2007). “Daoyin: Chinese healing exercises.” Asian Medicine, 3, 103–129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  30. Kralik, D., Koch, T., Price, K. & Howard, N. (2004). “Chronic illness self-management: Taking action to create order.” Journal of Clinical Nursing, 13, 259–267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  31. Krok, D. (2008). “The role of spirituality in coping: Examining the relationships between spiritualdimensions and coping styles.” Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 11(7), 643–653.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  32. Livneh, H. & Antonak, R. F. (2005). “Psychosocial adaptation to chronic illness disability: Aprimer for counselors.” Journal of Counseling & Development, 83, 12–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  33. Longmore, P. & Umansky, L. (eds). (2001). The new disability history: Americanperspectives. New York and London: New York University Press.Google Scholar
  34. Lynn, J. & Adamson, D. (2003). Living well at the end of life: adapting health care to seriouschronic illness in old age [White Paper]. Retrieved from The Washington Home Centerfor Palliative Care Studies: http://www.rand.org/pubs/white_papers/WP137.html Google Scholar
  35. McCollum, A. (1994). “Roundtable discussion women with disabilities: A Challenge to feminist theology.” Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion, 10(2), 122–129.Google Scholar
  36. McColman, C. (1997). Where body and soul encounter the sacred. Georgetown, Massachusetts: North Star Publications.Google Scholar
  37. McNulty, K., Livneh, H. & Wilson, L. M. (2004). “Perceived uncertainty, spiritual well-being, and psychosocial adaptation in individuals with multiple sclerosis.” Rehabilitation Psychology, 49, 91–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  38. Moss, P. & Dyck, I. (1999). “Body, corporeal space, and legitimating chronic illness: Women diagnosed with M.E.” Antipode, 31(4), 372–397.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  39. Nichols, L. & Hunt, B. (2011). “The significance of spirituality for individuals with chronic illness: Implications for mental health counseling.” Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 33(1), 51–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  40. Price, M. (1993). “Exploration of body listening: Health and physical awareness in chronic illness.” Advances in Nursing Science, 15(4), 37–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  41. Register, C. (1978). Living with chronic illness: Days of patience and passion. New York: The Free Press.Google Scholar
  42. Reynolds, T. (2008). Vulnerable communion: A theology of disability and hospitality. Grand Rapids, MI: Brazos Press.Google Scholar
  43. Sacks, O. (1991). A leg to stand on. London: Picador.Google Scholar
  44. Scheper-Hughes N. & Lock, M. (1986). “Speaking ‘truth’ to illness: Metaphors, reification, and a pedagogy for patients.” Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 17(5), 137–140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  45. Schumm, D. & Stoltzfus, M. (2011). “Beyond models: Some tentative Daoist contributions to disability studies,” in D. Schumm & M. Stoltzfus (eds). Disability and religious diversity: Cross-cultural and, interreligious perspectives. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 103–122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  46. Schumm, D. & Stoltzfus, M. (2011). “Chronic illness and disability: Narratives of suffering and healing,” in D. Schumm & M. Stoltzfus (eds), Disability and religious diversity: Cross-cultural and interreligious perspectives. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 159–175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  47. Schutz, A. (1962). “Symbol, reality, and society,” in M. Natanson (ed.). The problem of social reality: Collected papers I. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 287–339.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  48. Schutz, A. & Luckman, T. (1983). The structures of the lifeworld: Volume II. Trans. R. Zaner & D. Parent. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.Google Scholar
  49. Sharts-Hopko, N. C. (2003). “Spirituality and health care,” in J.T. Catalano (ed.). Nursing now: Today’s issues, tomorrows trends (2nd ed). Philadelphia: F.A. Davis, 347–371.Google Scholar
  50. Shaw, S. (2007). “Responding appropriately to patients with chronic illness.” Nursing Standard, 21(24), 35–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  51. Simundson, D. J. (2001). Faith under fire: How the bible speaks to us in times of suffering. Lima, Ohio: Academic Renewal Press.Google Scholar
  52. Stanley, R. (2009). “Neurobiology of chakras and prayer.” Zygon, 4(44), 825–846.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  53. Stoll, R. I. (1989). “The essence of spirituality,” in V. B. Carson (ed.). Spiritual dimensions of nursing practice. Philadelphia: Saunders, 4–23.Google Scholar
  54. Stone, S. D. (1995). “The myth of bodily perfection.” Disability and Society, 10, 413–424.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  55. Sawatzsky, R., Ratner, P. A. & Chiu, L. (2005). “A meta-analysis of the relationship between spirituality and quality of life.” Social Indicators Research, 72, 153–188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  56. Taylor, B. (2010). Reflective practice for healthcare professionals. Berkshire: UK: Open University Press.Google Scholar
  57. Thorne, S. (2006). “Patient-provider communication in chronic illness: a health promotion window of opportunity.” Family & Community Health, 29(1S), 4S–11S.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  58. Toombs, K. (1995). “Chronic illness and the goals of medicine.” Second Opinion, 21(1), 11–22.1Google Scholar
  59. Thompson, C. J. (2003). “Natural health discourse and the therapeutic production of consumer resistance.” The Sociological Quarterly, 44(1), 81–107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  60. Wagner, E., Austin, B., Davis, C., Hindmarsh, M., Schaefer, J. & Bonomi, A. (2001). “Improving chronic illness care: Translating evidence into action.” Health Affairs, 20(6), 64–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  61. Wellard, S. (1998). “Constructions of chronic illness.” International Journal of Nursing Studies, 35, 49–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  62. Wendell, S. (1996). The rejected body: Feminist philosophical reflections on disability. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
  63. Wendell, S. (2001). “Unhealthy disabled: Treating chronic illnesses as disabilities.” Hypatia, 16(4), 17–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  64. Wielawski, I. (2006). “Improving chronic illness care,” in S. Isaacs & J. Rickman (eds). To improve health and health care. Princeton, NJ: The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, vol. X, 1–17.Google Scholar
  65. Wills, M. (2007). “Connection, action and hope: An invitation to reclaim the ’spiritual’ in health care.” Journal of Religion and Health, 46(3), 423–436.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Michael J. Stoltzfus, Rebecca Green, and Darla Schumm 2013

Authors and Affiliations

  • Michael J. Stoltzfus
  • Rebecca Green

There are no affiliations available

Personalised recommendations