International Perspectives on Motivation pp 98-116 | Cite as
Motivational Challenges for Gulf Arab Students Studying Medicine in English
Abstract
The Arab Gulf region, comprising the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) — Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, the UAE, Qatar, Oman and Bahrain — is among the regions of the world where tertiary institutions have proliferated in the past few decades, as their governments have attempted to provide higher education opportunities for burgeoning numbers of young, increasingly educated and globalised nationals. Private colleges and universities offering a wide choice of majors to GCC high school graduates have also spread. In most of these new institutions, the principal language of instruction in technical and scientific fields is English (Zughoul, 2003), yet the level of English required to be an effective college student in these settings is often far beyond what most public-school graduates from GCC schools have achieved. As a result, most colleges in the region include compulsory English language and academic skills training in a foundation or preparatory programme as a pre-requisite to acceptance to the degree courses. Medicine is among the most prestigious and desirable of the professions in the GCC, so acceptance into a medical college is an aspiration for many of its brightest students and a source of pride for their families and communities. In GCC countries, students typically enter medical college directly from high school, study for six years then intern for a year before becoming fully qualified MDs.
Keywords
Saudi Arabia Proficiency Level Gulf Cooperation Council English Skill Gulf Cooperation Council CountryPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
- Al-Haq, F. and Smadi, O. (1996). The status of English in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) 1940–1990. In J. Fishman, A. Conrad and A. Rubel-Lopez (eds) Post-Imperial English: Status Change in Former British and American Colonies. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 457–84.Google Scholar
- Clarke, M. (2006). Beyond antagonism? The discursive construction of ‘new’ teachers in the United Arab Emirates. Teaching Education, 17(3): 225–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Diab, R. L. (2006). University students’ beliefs about learning English and French in Lebanon. System, 34(1): 84–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Dörnyei, Z. (2005). The Psychology of the Language Learner: Individual Differences in Second Language Acquisition. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
- Dörnyei, Z. (2009). The L2 motivational self system. In Z. Dörnyei and E. Ushioda (eds) Motivation, Language Identity and the L2 Self. Bristol: Multilingual Matters, pp. 9–42.Google Scholar
- Dörnyei, Z. and Ushioda, E. (2011). Teaching and Researching Motivation (Second Edition). Harlow: Pearson.Google Scholar
- Dwaik, R. and Shehadeh, A. (2010). Motivation types among EFL college students: insights from the Palestinian context. An-Najah University Journal of Research, 24(1): 333–60.Google Scholar
- Higgins, E. T. (1998). Promotion and prevention: regulatory focus as a motivational principle. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 30: 1–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Higgins, E. T. (2000). Making a good decision: value from fit. American Psychologist, 55: 1217–230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- O’Sullivan, A. (2004). Reading and Arab college students — issues in the United Arab Emirates Colleges of Technology. Proceedings of the First International Online Conference on Second and Foreign Language Teaching and Research. Available at: http://www.readingmatrix.com/onlineconference/proceedings2004.html [Accessed 24/02/12], pp. 1–14.Google Scholar
- Oyserman, D. and Marcus, H. R. (1990). Possible selves and delinquency. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59(1): 112–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Qashoa, S. H. (2006). Motivation Among Learners of English in Secondary Schools in the Eastern Coast of the UAE. Unpublished master’s thesis, British University in Dubai.Google Scholar
- Rabab’ah, G. (2005). Communication problems facing Arab learners of English. Journal of Language and Learning, 3(1): 180–97.Google Scholar
- Suleiman, M. (1993). A Study of Arab Students’ Motivations and Attitudes for Learning English as a Foreign Language. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Arizona State University.Google Scholar
- Ushioda, E. (2009). A person-in-context relational view of emergent motivation, self and identity. In Z. Dörnyei and E. Ushioda (eds) Motivation, Language Identity and the L2 Self. Bristol: Multilingual Matter, pp. 215–28.Google Scholar
- Ushioda, E. (2011). Motivating learners to speak as themselves. In G. Murray, X. Gao and T. Lamb (eds) Identity, Motivation and Autonomy in Language Learning. Bristol: Multilingual Matters, pp. 11–24.Google Scholar
- Vogt, C. and Oliver, D. (1998). Kuwait University Students’ Attitudes Toward English and An English-Based Curriculum. Kuwait: Kuwait University Faculty of Medicine. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED422 714)Google Scholar
- Zughoul, M. R. (2003). Globalization and EFL/ESL pedagogy in the Arab world. Journal of Language and Learning, 1(2): 106–46.Google Scholar