Civic Activism and the Pursuit of Cooperation in the Locarno Era

  • Elana Passman

Abstract

The 1925 signing of the Treaty of Locarno seemed to breathe new hope into Franco-German relations. Indeed the “spirit of Locarno” moved not just governments but also individuals to explore new roads to rapprochement. Once the French and German governments explicitly sanctioned a policy of détente, the efforts of concerned activists who had urged Franco-German cooperation found greater purchase and spread beyond the fringes of the political left. But even as civic debate came to reframe the Franco-German “problem” and welcome cooperation, it often remained mired in deep-rooted mistrust.

Keywords

German Government Civic Activism International Scientific Community Private Effort Rapprochement Politics 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Notes

  1. 1.
    Hermann Hagspiel, Verstandigung zwischen Deutschland und Frankreich? Die deutsch-franzosuche Außenpolitik der zwanziger jahre im innenpolitischen Kraftefeld beider Lander (Bonn: Ludwig Rohrscheid, 1987); Jon Jacobson, “Strategies of French Foreign Policy after World War I,” The Journal of Modern History 55, no. 1 (1983): 78–95; Franz Knipping, Deutschland Frankreich und das Ende der Locarno-Ara 1928–1931. Studien zur internationalen Politik in der Anfangsphase der Weltwirtschaftskrise (Munich: Oldenbourg, 1987).Google Scholar
  2. 4.
    J. B. Duroselle, “The Spirit of Locarno: Illusions of Pactomania,” Foreign Affairs 50, no. 4 (1972): 752–64.Google Scholar
  3. 5.
    Ilde Gorguet, Les mouvement pacifistes et la reconciliation franco-allemande dans les annees vingt (1919 1931) (Bern: Peter Lang, 1999), 4–5.Google Scholar
  4. 6.
    Sian Reynolds, France between the Wars: Gender and Politics (London: Routledge, 1996), 192.Google Scholar
  5. 7.
    Bibiliotheque de Documentation Internationale Contemporaine, Papier Duchene, Dossier Allemagne 1923–1934. Gabrielle Duchene, “Sacrifices de Reconciliation” (November 16, 1923).Google Scholar
  6. 8.
    Dieter Tiemann, Deutsch-fianzosische Jugendbeziehungen der Zwischenkriegszeit (Bonn: Bouvier, 1989), 63.Google Scholar
  7. 9.
    Peter Farrugia, “French Religious Opposition to War, 1919–1939: The Contribution of Henri Roser and Marc Sangnier,” French History 6, no. 3 (1992): 279–302; Gorguet, Les mouvements pacifistes, 67–69, 85–86.Google Scholar
  8. 10.
    Tiemann, Jugendbeziehungen, 86. 11. Pierre Descaves, Lenfant de liaison (Paris: Ernest Flammarion, 1929), 71.Google Scholar
  9. 13.
    Jean-Claude Delbreil, Les catholiques fianfais et les tentatives de rapprochement franco-allemand (1920–1933) (Metz: SMEI, 1972), 29.Google Scholar
  10. 14.
    Mona L. Siegel, The Moral Disarmament of France: Education, Pacifism, and Patriotism, 1914–1940 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004), 103, 124–57.Google Scholar
  11. 15.
    Katja Marmetschke, “Un tournant dans le rapprochement franco-allemand? La rencontre entre C.H. Becker, ministre de l’Education de Prusse, et Anatole de Monzie, ministre francais de l’Instruction publique, en septembre 1925 a Berlin,” in Echanges culturels et relations diplomatiques: Presences francaises a Berlin au temps de la Republique de Weimar, ed. Hans Manfred Bock and Gilbert Krebs (Paris: PIA, 2004), 35–50.Google Scholar
  12. 16.
    Edward D. Keeton, “Economics and Politics in Briand’s German Policy, 1925–1931,” in German Nationalism and the European Response, 1890–1945, ed. Carole Fink, Isabel V. Hull, and MacGregor Knox (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1985), 157–80.Google Scholar
  13. 17.
    Jacques Bariety, “Industriels allemands et industriels francais a l’epoque de la Republique de Weimar,” Revue dAllemagne 4, no. 2 (1974): 1–16.Google Scholar
  14. 18.
    Guido Muller, Europaische Gesellschafisbeziehungen nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg. Das Deutsch-Franzosische Studienkomitee und der Europdische Kulturbund (Munich: Oldenbourg, 2005), 41–42.Google Scholar
  15. 19.
    Emile Mayrisch, “Les ententes économiques internationales et la paix,” in Centre de Recherches Européennes, Emile Mayrisch Précurseur de la construction de l’Europe (Lausanne: Centre de Recherches Europeennes, 1967), 53.Google Scholar
  16. 34.
    Barbara Lambauer, Otto Abetz et les Francais ou lenvers de la Collaboration (Paris: Fayard, 2001), 25.Google Scholar
  17. 35.
    PAAA DBP 702a. “An die Herren Mitglieder der deutschen Gruppe,” signed Krukenberg (November 29, 1927). See also Jacques Seydoux, Pax, November 25, 1927, and “Encore le désarmement,” Pax, December 2, 1927.Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Carine Germond and Henning Türk 2008

Authors and Affiliations

  • Elana Passman

There are no affiliations available

Personalised recommendations