Wild Irish Women: Gender, Politics, and Colonialism in the Nineteenth Century

  • Tamara L. Hunt

Abstract

In an essay written in 1923 to mark the birth of the Irish Free State, author and poet Susan Mitchell declared:

Men playing alone at their moss-grown games of politics have made a mess of human society. The entrance there, not of two or three, but of two or three hundred women partners, might take the game into wider fields and fresher airs, broadening the humanity of Government. Women would come into the game, not to herd together and fight in a feminine corner, to triumph over man and force a petticoat government on him; not to use their sex as a weapon to fight sex, or as a lure to snare it. As men and women working together, they need not attempt the impossible in trying to efface sex, nor the unnecessary in insisting on it. But they might find in it a clue to the wider understanding of each other’s nature. Thus should woman move graciously to her place in Irish politics; for only when the petticoat goes out of politics can the Woman come in.

Mitchell’s concern that women were seen as gendered beings and not rational individuals was a reaction to the existing political ideology that depicted women as frivolous, weak, and helpless. This view, however, was not one that was native to Ireland; rather, it had its roots in the colonial era, as English, then Irish, leaders sought to forge images of women that would serve male leaders’ political agenda.

Keywords

Irish Woman Male Leader Tenant Farmer National League Irish Language 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Chapter 4 Wild Irish Women: Gender, Politics, and Colonialism in the Nineteenth Century

  1. Susan Mitchell, “The Petticoat in Politics,” in The Voice of Ireland, ed. William G. Fitzgerald (Dublin and London: Virtue and Co. Ltd. [c. 1923]), p. 166.Google Scholar
  2. R.F. Foster, Modern Ireland, 1600–1972 (London: Penguin Books, 1989), p. 130.Google Scholar
  3. Jo Murphy-Lawless, “Images of ‘Poor’ Women in the Writings of Irish Midwives,” in Women in Early Modern Ireland, ed. Margaret MacCurtain and Mary O‘Dowd (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991), pp. 291–2.Google Scholar
  4. Robert Welch, ed., The Oxford Companion to Irish Literature (Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1996), pp. 533–4, 318.Google Scholar
  5. David Garrick, The Irish Widow. In Two Acts. As it is Performed at the Theatre Royal in Drury Lane, 3rd edn. (London: T. Becket, 1772), pp. v–vi, 37.Google Scholar
  6. David Milobar, “Aboriginal Peoples and the British Press, 1720–1763,” in Hanoverian Britain and Empire, ed. Stephen Taylor, Richard Connors, and Clyve Jones (Woodbridge, Suffolk: The Boydell Press, 1998), p. 76.Google Scholar
  7. Mary Jean Corbett, “Public Affections and Familial Politics: Burke, Edgeworth, and the ‘Common Naturalization’ of Great Britain,” ELH 61 (1994), p. 888.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. Thomas Bartlett, “Bearing Witness: Female Evidences in Courts Martial Convened to Suppress the 1798 Rebellion,” in The Women of 1798, ed. Dáire Keogh and Nicholas Furlong (Dublin: Four Courts Press, 1998), p. 66.Google Scholar
  9. Nancy J. Curtin, “Women and Eighteenth-Century Irish Republicanism,” in Women in Early Modern Ireland, ed. Margaret MacCurtain and Mary O’Dowd (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991), pp. 134–5.Google Scholar
  10. Lady Morgan [Sydney Owenson], The Wild Irish Girl, intro. Brigid Brophy (London: 1806; new edn London and New York: Pandora, 1986), p. 69.Google Scholar
  11. Maria Edgeworth, The Absentee, ed. W.J. McCormack and Kim Walker (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1988), p. 248.Google Scholar
  12. Rev. Thaddeus O’Malley, An Idea of a Poor Law for Ireland, 2nd edn (London: Henry Hooper, 1837), p. 3.Google Scholar
  13. Thomas Creevey, The Creevey Papers, ed. Sir Herbert Maxwell, 2 vols. (New York: E. P. Dutton & Company, 1903), 2:173.Google Scholar
  14. Henry John Temple, Viscount Palmerston, The Letters of the Third Viscount Palmerston to Laurence and Elizabeth Sulivan, 1804–1863, ed. Kenneth Bourne, Camden Fourth Series, vol. 23 (London: Royal Historical Society, 1979), p. 185.Google Scholar
  15. Mary Cullen, “Breadwinners and Providers: Women in the Household Economy of Labouring Families, 1835–6,” in Women Surviving, ed. Maria Luddy and Cliona Murphy (Dublin: Poolbeg, 1990), pp. 105–6.Google Scholar
  16. Commissioners for Inquiring into the Condition of the Poorer Classes in Ireland, Selection of Parochial Examinations Relative to the Destitute Classes in Ireland, from the Evidence Received by His Majesty’s Comissioners. (Dublin: Milliken and Son, 1835), p. 279Google Scholar
  17. Harriet Martineau, “Women in Ireland,” from Letters from Ireland (London: John Chapman, 1852), pp. 65–72Google Scholar
  18. Harriet Martineau on Women, ed. Gayle Graham Yates (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1985), p. 188.Google Scholar
  19. L. Perry Curtis, Apes and Angels: The Irishman in Victorian Caricature, rev. ed. (Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1997), pp. 94–5.Google Scholar
  20. Lord William Pitt Lennox, My Recollections from 1806 to 1873, 2 vols. (London: Hurst and Blackett, 1874), 2:235–6Google Scholar
  21. Michael Davitt, The Fall of Feudalism in Ireland or the Story of the Land League Revolution (London: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1904), p. 405.Google Scholar
  22. Mary Cowling, The Artist as Anthropologist: The Representation of Type and Character in Victorian Art (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989), pp. 125, 127.Google Scholar
  23. C.L. Innes, Woman and Nation in Irish Literature and Society, 1880–1935 (Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 1993), p. 14.Google Scholar
  24. Matthew Arnold, The Incompatibles, in The Complete Prose Works of Matthew Arnold, ed. R.H. Super, vol. 9, English Literature and Irish Politics (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1973), pp. 270–1.Google Scholar
  25. Mary Condren, “Sacrifice and Political Legitimation: The Production of a Gendered Social Order,” Journal of Women’s History 6/7 (Winter/Spring 1995), p. 173.Google Scholar
  26. Maria Luddy, “Women & Politics in Nineteenth-Century Ireland,” in Women & Irish History: Essays in Honour of Margaret MacCurtain, ed. Maryann Gialanella Valiulis and Mary O ‘Dowd (Dublin: Wolfhound Press, 1997), p. 91.Google Scholar
  27. Marjorie Howes, “Tears and Blood: Lady Wilde and the Emergence of Irish Cultural Nationalism,” in Ideology and Ireland in the Nineteenth Century, ed. Tadhg Foley and Seán Ryder (Dublin: Four Courts Press, 1998), p. 157.Google Scholar
  28. Janet TeBrake, “Irish Peasant Women in Revolt: the Land League Years,” Irish Historical Studies 28 (May 1992), p. 67.Google Scholar
  29. Margaret Ward, “The Ladies’ Land League,” Irish History Workshop: Saotharlann Staire âeirann 1 (1981), p. 29.Google Scholar
  30. Helen Bradford’s “The Ladies’ Land League and the Irish Land War 1881/1882: Defining the Relationship between Women and Nation,” Chapter 9 in Gendered Nations: Nationalisms and Gender Order in the Long Nineteenth Century, ed. Ida Blom, Karen Hagemann, and Catherine Hall (New York: Berg, 2000), appeared too recently to be included in this study.Google Scholar
  31. Katharine Tynan, Twenty-five Years: Reminiscences (London: Smith, Elder & Co., 1913), p. 75.Google Scholar
  32. Anna Parnell, The Tale of a Great Sham, ed. Dana Hearne (Dublin: Arlen House, 1986), p. 90.Google Scholar
  33. Senator Mrs. J. Wyse-Power, “The Political Influence of Women in Modern Ireland,” in The Voice of Ireland, ed. William G. Fitzgerald (Dublin and London: Virtue and Co. Ltd., [c. 1923]), p. 158.Google Scholar
  34. St. John Ervine, Parnell (London: Ernest Benn, 1925), pp. 158, 199.Google Scholar
  35. F.S.L. Lyons, Charles Stewart Parnell (Bungay, Suffolk: Fontana/Collins, 1978), pp. 178–9.Google Scholar
  36. Niamh O’Sullivan, “The Iron Cage of Femininity: Visual Representation of Women in the 1880s Land Agitation,” in Ideology and Ireland in the Nineteenth Century, ed. T. Foley and S. Ryder (Dublin: Four Courts Press, 1998), p. 195.Google Scholar
  37. Maud Gonne, The Autobiography of Maud Gonne: A Servant of the Queen, ed. A. Norman Jeffares and Anna MacBride White (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994), pp. 96–7.Google Scholar
  38. Edward W. Said, Culture and Imperialism (New York: Vintage Books, 1994), pp. 226–7.Google Scholar
  39. Scott Hughes Myerly “Political Aesthetics: British Army Fashion, 1815–55,” in Splendidly Victorian: Essays in Nineteenth-and Twentieth-Century British History in Honour of Walter L. Arnstein, ed. Michael H. Shirley and Todd E.A. Larson, (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2001), p. 46.Google Scholar
  40. Patrick J. Keane’s Terrible Beauty: Yeats, Joyce, Ireland, and the Myth of the Devouring Female (Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 1988).Google Scholar
  41. Louise Ryan, “A Question of Loyalty: War, Nation, and Feminism in Early Twentieth-Century Ireland,” Women’s Studies International Forum 20 (January/February 1997), pp. 21–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  42. Mary Cullen, “How Radical was Irish Feminism between 1860 and 1920?” in Radicals, Rebels, and Establishments, ed. Patrick Corish (Belfast: Appletree Press, 1985), p. 193.Google Scholar
  43. Rosemary Owens, “ ‘Votes for Ladies, Votes for Women’ : Organised Labour and the Suffrage Movement, 1876–1922,” Saothar 9 (1983), pp. 33–4.Google Scholar
  44. W O’Brien and D Ryan, eds. Devoy’s Post Bag, 1871–1928. 2 vols. (Dublin: C.J. Fallon, Ltd., 1948, 1953), 1:401.Google Scholar
  45. Maryann Gialanella Valiulis, “Power, Gender and Identity in the Irish Free State,” Journal of Women’s History 6/7 (Winter/Spring 1995), pp. 128–9.Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Tamara L. Hunt 2002

Authors and Affiliations

  • Tamara L. Hunt

There are no affiliations available

Personalised recommendations