Abstract
Critical accounts of lesbian representation have been enduringly vexed by the contentious and polysemic status of the term “lesbian”. As Judith Butler explains in “Imitation and Gender Insubordination”, it is “permanently unclear what that sign [lesbian] signifies”. While Butler embraces the freedom that this ambiguity represents, pointing to the fact that “identity categories tend to be instruments of regulatory regimes” (13–14), Elaine Marks has observed that “a sense of identity”, however fictitious, remains essential to understanding the ways in which different identities are formed and interrogated within any given society (110; emphasis added). In exploring the nuances of lesbian representation, then, we need to establish “a sense of [lesbian] identity” in order to address key questions about on-screen images of lesbianism: How is lesbianism represented within visual culture? How, if at all, do representations of lesbians shape impressions of, and approaches to, lesbianism in wider society? Why does it matter if lesbians are represented in ways that are positive, negative, or even authentic?
Keywords
Black Woman Female Masculinity Walk Away Police Commissioner True PolicePreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Works cited
- Allen, Louise. “Salmonberries: Consuming k.d. lang”. Immortal Invisible: Lesbians and the Moving Image. Ed. Tamsin Wilson. London: Routledge, 1995. 70–84.Google Scholar
- Bashir, Samiya. “Fear of a Black Lesbian Planet”. Curve. February 1, 2001. 20–22.Google Scholar
- Butler, Judith. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. New York: Routledge, 1990.Google Scholar
- — “Imitation and Gender Insubordination”. Inside/Out: Lesbian Theories, Gay Theories. Ed. Diana Fuss. London: Routledge, 1991. 13–31.Google Scholar
- Ciasullo, Ann M. “Making Her (In)Visible: Cultural Representations of Lesbianism and the Lesbian Body in the 1990s”. Feminist Studies 27.3 (2001): 577–608.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Desert Hearts. Dir. Donna Deitch. 1985.Google Scholar
- Dyer, Richard. White. London and New York: Routledge, 1997.Google Scholar
- Fuss, Diana. Essentially Speaking: Feminism, Nature and Difference. New York: Routledge, 1989.Google Scholar
- Halberstam, Judith. Female Masculinity. Durham, N.C.; London: Duke UP, 1998.Google Scholar
- King, Stephen. “Setting Off a ‘Wire’ Alarm”. Entertainment Weekly 894 (2006). http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,1333799,00.html. [Accessed May 10, 2009].
- Leverette, Marc, Brian L. Ott, and Cara Louise Buckley, eds. It’s Not TV: Watching HBO in the Post-Television Era. New York: Routledge, 2008.Google Scholar
- Marks, Elaine. “Feminism’s Wake”. Boundary 2 12.2 (Winter 1984): 99–110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- McCabe, Janet, and Kim Akass. “It’s Not TV, It’s HBO’s Original Programming: Producing Quality TV”. It’s Not TV: Watching HBO in the Post-Television Era. Ed. Marc Leverette, Brian L. Ott, and Cara Louise Buckley. New York: Routledge, 2008. 83–93.Google Scholar
- McCarthy, Anna. “Ellen: Making Queer Television History”. GLQ 7.4 (2001): 593–620.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Moore, Candace, and Kristen Schilt. “Is She Man Enough?: Female Masculinities on The L Word”. Reading The L Word: Outing Contemporary Television. Ed. Kim Akass, and Janet McCabe. London; New York: IB Tauris, 2006. 159–71.Google Scholar
- Morley, David, and Kevin Robins. Spaces of Identity: Global Media, Electronic Landscapes and Cultural Boundaries. London: Routledge, 1995.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Rich. B. Ruby. “When Difference is (more than) Skin Deep”. Queer Looks: Perspectives on Lesbian and Gay Film and Video. Ed. Martha Gever, John Greyson, and Pratibha Parmar. London: Routledge, 1993. 318–39.Google Scholar
- Rixon, Paul. “The Changing Face of American Television Programmes on British Screens”. Quality Popular Television. Ed. Mark Jancovich, and James Lyons. London: British Film Institute, 2003. 48–59.Google Scholar
- Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky. “Foreword”. Reading The L Word: Outing Contemporary Television. Ed. Kim Akass, and Janet McCabe. London; New York: IB Tauris, 2006. xix–xxiv.Google Scholar
- Sinfield, Alan. Cultural Politics — Queer Reading. 2nd edn. New York: Routledge, 2005.Google Scholar
- Smith, Anna Marie. “‘By Women, For Women and About Women’ Rules OK? The Impossibility of Visual Soliloquy”. A Queer Romance: Lesbian, Gay Men and Popular Culture. Ed. Paul Burston, and Colin Richardson. London: Routledge, 1995.Google Scholar
- Stacey, Jackie. “Desert Hearts and the Lesbian Romance Film”. Immortal Invisible: Lesbians and the Moving Image. Ed. Tamsin Wilton. London: Routledge, 1995.Google Scholar
- The L Word. Showtime (2004–09).Google Scholar
- The Wire. HBO (2002–08).Google Scholar
- The Wire. HBO (2002–08). 1.2. “The Detail”. Dir. Clark Johnson. June 9, 2002.Google Scholar
- The Wire. HBO (2002–08). 1.7. “One Arrest”. Dir. Joe Chappelle. July 21, 2002.Google Scholar
- The Wire. HBO (2002–08). 1.10. “The Cost”. Dir. Brad Anderson. August 11, 2002.Google Scholar
- The Wire. HBO (2002–08). 2.1. “Ebb Tide”. Dir. Ed Bianchi. June 1, 2003.Google Scholar
- The Wire. HBO (2002–08). 3.4. “Hamsterdam”. Dir. Ernest Dickerson. October 10, 2004.Google Scholar
- The Wire. HBO (2002–08). 3.6. “Homecoming”. Dir. Leslie Libman. October 31, 2004.Google Scholar
- The Wire. HBO (2002–08). 3.10. “Reformation”. Dir. Christine Moore. November 28, 2004.Google Scholar
- The Wire. HBO (2002–08). 3.12. “Mission Accomplished”. Dir. Ernest Dickerson. December 19, 2004.Google Scholar
- The Wire. HBO (2002–08). 4.1. “Boys of Summer”. Dir. Joe Chappelle. September 10, 2006.Google Scholar
- The Wire. HBO (2002–08). 4.2. “Soft Eyes”. Dir. Christine Moore. September 17, 2006.Google Scholar
- The Wire. HBO (2002–08). 4.8. “Corner Boys”. Dir. Agnieszka Holland. November 5, 2006.Google Scholar
- The Wire. HBO (2002–08). 4.10. “Misgivings”. Dir. Ernest Dickerson. November 19, 2006.Google Scholar
- The Wire. HBO (2002–08). 5.4. “Transitions”. Dir. Daniel Attias. January 27, 2008.Google Scholar
- The Wire. HBO (2002–08). 5.9. “Late Editions”. Dir. Joe Chappelle. March 2, 2008.Google Scholar
- Torres, Sasha. “Television and Race”. A Companion to Television. Ed. Janet Wasko. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2005. 399–408.Google Scholar
- Wiltz, Teresa. “The Roleof Her Life”. Washington Post. March 16, 2007. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/15/AR2007031501664.html. [Accessed May 10, 2009].