Abstract
In June 2004, President George W. Bush tried to leverage the US chairmanship of the G-8 summit to launch the centerpiece of his Administration’s “forward strategy of freedom” for the post-9/11, post-Saddam Middle East. The new Mideast project would marshal American and European diplomatic and financial resources to press for greater social, political, and economic freedom from Marrakesh to Bangladesh. Well before G-8 leaders convened in Sea Island, Georgia, however, the Europeans (allegedly) leaked a draft of Bush’s proposal to the Arabic newspaper Al-Hayat and demanded far-reaching revisions as a condition for their support. Eventually, the G-8 did inaugurate what it dubbed the Broader Middle East and North Africa (BMENA) initiative, but in a much diluted form from the one originally hoped for by the White House. BMENA then promptly sank into low-profile obscurity.
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© 2009 Amichai Magen and Michael A. McFaul
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Magen, A., McFaul, M.A. (2009). Introduction: American and European Strategies to Promote Democracy — Shared Values, Common Challenges, Divergent Tools?. In: Magen, A., Risse, T., McFaul, M.A. (eds) Promoting Democracy and the Rule of Law. Governance and Limited Statehood Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230244528_1
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