Abstract
As Paris celebrated the victory of Magenta, the artist Adolph Yvon was preparing to go to Italy. He had been told that once a significant victory had been announced, he would be summoned to join the army. Magenta was that victory. Montebello had been a minor affair, while Palestro had been shared with the Piedmontese and their king. Magenta, though, was entirely a French success, and a painter’s dream. MacMahon’s timely arrival on the battlefield, together with the deaths of Cler and Espinasse, provided riveting scenes of heroic behavior. As inspiring as a picture of armies colliding could be, it was dull fare compared to images of individual drama. Such scenes could also be useful in shaping the memory of the campaign for the people of France. Rendered as paintings, moments of gloir secured themselves in the mind. The emperor understood this at least as well as any of the artists attending him. He might also have hoped that heroic, uplifting paintings would ultimately soften the memory of high casualty counts.
Keywords
Minor Affair Decisive Victory Austrian Surgeon Double Execution French PainterPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Notes
- 1.Vitzthum von Eckstä dt, Charles Frederick. St. Petersburg and London in the Years 1852–1864. Reminiscence of Count Charles Frederick Vitzthum von Eckstaedt. Trans. Edward Fairfax Taylor. Ed. Henry Reeve. London: Longmans, Green, and Co. 1887. 1. 354.Google Scholar
- 4.Keiger, John F.V. “Reports from Military Commissioners at Austrian and Allied Headquarters.” Frederick, MD: University Publications of America, 1991. 175. Vol. 23 of British Documents on Foreign Affairs: Reports and Papers from the Foreign Office Confidentia. Pt. I, series F, Italy 1855–1873. Ed. John F.V. Keiger.Google Scholar
- 5.Adam, Charles. La Guerre d’Italie histoire complète opérations militaries dans la peninsula. 2 vols. Paris: N-J Philippart, 1859. 2. 256–57.Google Scholar
- 7.On Crowe see Crowe, Joseph Archer. Reminiscences of Thirty-five Years of my Life. London: John Murray, 1895.Google Scholar
- 15.Hungerford, Constance Cain. Ernest Meissonier: Master in his Genre. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. 252, note 14.Google Scholar
- 16.Moorehead, Caroline. Dunant’s Dream: War, Switzerland and the History of the Red Cross. London: Harper Collins, 1998. 6–7.Google Scholar
- 17.Dunant, Henri. Mémoires. Lausanne: Editions L’Age d’homme, 1971.28.Google Scholar
- 21.Bapst, Germaine. Le maréchal Canrobert: souvenirs d’un siècle. 5th ed. 6 vols. Paris: E. Plon, Nouritt & cie. 1909. 3. 485.Google Scholar
- 22.Deguignet, Jean-Marie. Memoirs of a Breton Peasant. Trans. Linda Asher. New York: Seven Stones Press, 2004. 188.Google Scholar
- 23.Cavour, Camillo. Epistolario. 19 vols. Ed. Carlo Pischedda and Rosanna Roccia. Bologna, Florence: 1962–2008. 16. 1047.Google Scholar
- 24.Brion, M.J. “Lettres du sous-lieutenant Brion.” Carnet de la saber-tach. 8 (1900): 592.Google Scholar
- 25.Adamoli, Giulio. Da San Martino a Mentana. Milan: Fratelli Treves, 1911. 35, 40.Google Scholar
- 47.Dunant, J. Henry. A Memory of Solferino. Washington, DC: American National Red Cross, 1939. 22, 24, 28, 31. In the original French edition of 1862 Dunant put his name as “Henry,” not Henri. This translation honors that choice. Why Dunant chose to change the spelling of his name is not known. To prevent confusion, I always refer to him as Henri. Moorehead, Dunant’s Dream. 127–28.Google Scholar
- 53.Dunant, J. Henry. Un Souvenir de Solferino. Genève: Institut Henry-Dunant, Slatkine Reprints, 1980. 65. This is a reproduction of the 1862 text.Google Scholar
- 63.Arrivabene, Carlo. Italy under Victor Emmanuel. 2 vols. London: Hurst and Blackett, 1862. 1. 40–41.Google Scholar
- 68.Bazancourt, César de. Cinq mois au camp devant Sébastopol. 2nd ed. Paris: Amyot, 1855. x-xi. The comment about “arms of iron,” and so on appears in the dedication to Colonel Fleury.Google Scholar
- 72.Bazancourt, César de. The Crimean Expedition. Trans. Robert Howe Gould. London: S. Low Son & Co., 1856. 2. 216.Google Scholar
- 74.Gallenga, Antonio. Italy Revisited. 2 vols. London: S. Tinsley, 1876. 1. 343–44.Google Scholar
- 76.Gallenga, Antonio. Episodes of my Second Life. 2 vols. London: Chapman and Hall, 1884. 1. 293.Google Scholar
- For more on Gallenga see Cerruti, Toni. Antonio Gallenga. London: Oxford University Press, 1974.Google Scholar