Other Capitals of the Nineteenth Century pp 33-50 | Cite as
Local-Colour Literature and Cultural Nations
Abstract
Instead of following the time-honoured organisation of literatures around nations or empires, I propose in this article that a more accurate mapping of the worldwide literary landscape would draw attention to cultural ‘nations’, that is separate regional locales that have their own dialects, cultures, histories, ethnic identities and literatures, independent of the dominant national or imperial discourse. Nineteenth-century local-colour literatures are rooted in just such cultural regions, located on the margins of their respective nations, in places such as Emmental, Swabia, Westphalia, Bohemia, Alsace, Languedoc, the Scottish Highlands, Western Ireland or Ulster, and rural areas of New England. Each of these regions had their own unique culture, traditions and dialects, forming thus a separate cultural ‘nation’.
Notes
Acknowledgements
An early version of this article was presented as a paper at the 2014 American Comparative Literature Association meeting in New York City, in a seminar organised by Richard Hibbitt. My thanks to Dr Hibbitt and other seminar participants for their stimulating comments. A more extensive discussion of the issues raised in this article may be found in my European Local-Color Literature (2010). Unless otherwise noted, all translations are mine.
Works Cited
- Ashcroft, Bill, Gareth Griffiths, and Helen Tiffin. 1989. The Empire Writes Back: Theory and Practice in Post-Colonial Literatures. London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Auerbach, Berthold. 1884. Samtliche Schwarzwälder Dorfgeschichten. 10 vols, vol. 1–2. Stuttgart: F. G. Cotta’schen.Google Scholar
- Baur, Uwe. 1978. Dorfgeschichte: Zur Entstehung und gesellschaftlichen Funktion einer literarischen Gattung im Vormärz. Munich: William Fink.Google Scholar
- Bellamy, Liz. 1998. Regionalism and Nationalism: Maria Edgeworth, Walter Scott and the Definition of Britishness. In The Regional Novel in Britain and Ireland, 1800–1990, ed. K.D.M. Snell, 54–77. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar
- Bourdieu, Pierre. 1996. The Rules of Art: Genesis and Structure of the Literary Field, trans. Susan Emanuel. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
- Campbell, Donna. 2003. Realism and Regionalism. In A Companion to the Regional Literatures of America, ed. Charles L. Crow, 92–110. Malden, MA: Blackwell.Google Scholar
- Casanova, Pascale. 2004. The World Republic of Letters, trans. M.B. DeBevoise. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
- de Certeau, Michel, et al. 1975. Une Politique de la langue: la Révolution française et les patois: l’enquête de Grégoire. Paris: Gallimard.Google Scholar
- Donovan, Josephine. 1983. New England Local Color Literature: A Women’s Tradition. New York: Continuum/Ungar.Google Scholar
- ———. 2010. European Local-Color Literature: National Tales, Dorfgeschichten, Romans Champêtres. New York: Bloomsbury/Continuum.Google Scholar
- Duncan, Ian. 2002. The Provincial or Regional Novel. In A Companion to the Victorian Novel, ed. Patrick Brantlinger and William B. Thesing, 318–335. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
- Edgeworth, Maria. 1965 [1800]. Castle Rackrent. New York: Norton.Google Scholar
- ———. 1992 [1809]. Ennui. Castle Rackrent and Ennui. London: Penguin.Google Scholar
- ———. 1999 [1812]. The Absentee. London: Penguin.Google Scholar
- ———. 2000 [1817]. Ormond. London: Penguin.Google Scholar
- Fetterley, Judith, and Marjorie Pryse. 2003. Writing out of Place: Regionalism, Women, and American Literary Culture. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar
- [Freeman], Mary E. Wilkins. 1891. The Revolt of ‘Mother’. In A New England Nun and Other Stories, 448–468. New York: Harper.Google Scholar
- Hall, S.C. 1854 [1826]. Sketches of Irish Character, 3rd ed. London: Chatto and Windus.Google Scholar
- Hein, Jürgen. 1976. Dorfgeschichte. Stuttgart: J. B. Metzlersche.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Horkheimer, Max, and Theodor Adorno. 1988 [1944]. Dialectic of Enlightenment. New York: Continuum.Google Scholar
- Hovenkamp, J.W. 1928. Merimée et la couleur locale: Contribution à l’étude de la couleur locale. Paris: Societé d’Edition ‘Les Belles Lettres’.Google Scholar
- Jewett, Sarah Orne. 1881. An Autumn Holiday. In Country By-Ways, 139–162. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.Google Scholar
- ———. 1884 [1883]. Miss Debby’s Neighbors. In The Mate of the Daylight, and Friends Ashore, 190–209. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.Google Scholar
- ———. 1888 [1887]. The Courting of Sister Wisby. In The King of Folly Island and Other People, 50–80. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.Google Scholar
- ———. 1896. The Country of the Pointed Firs. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.Google Scholar
- Johnstone, Christian Isobel. 1815. Clan-Albin: A National Tale, 4 vols in 1. Philadelphia: Edward Earle.Google Scholar
- Lutz, Tom. 2004. Cosmopolitan Vistas: American Regionalism and Literary Values. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
- Martino, Alberto. 1990. Die Deutsche Leihbibliothek: Geschichte einer literarischen Institution (1756–1914). Wiesbaden: Otto Harrossowitz.Google Scholar
- McDonagh, Josephine. 2013. Rethinking Provincialism in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Fiction: Our Village to Villette. Victorian Studies 55 (3): 399–424.Google Scholar
- Ong, Walter J. 1988 [1982]. Orality and Literacy. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
- Raifroidi, Patrick. 1980. Irish Literature in English: The Romantic Period (1789–1850). Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press.Google Scholar
- Roudeau, Cécile. 2012. La Nouvelle-Angleterre: Politique d’une écriture. Paris: Presses de l’Université Paris-Sorbonne.Google Scholar
- Sand, George. 1928a [1850]. François le champi. Paris: Nelson/Calmann Lévy.Google Scholar
- ———. 1928b [1853]. Les Maîtres Sonneurs. Paris: Calmann-Lévy.Google Scholar
- ———. 1973 [1849]. La Petite Fadette. Paris: Livre de Poche.Google Scholar
- Scott, James C. 1998. Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
- Scott, Walter. 1972 [1814]. Waverley; Or, Tis Sixty Years Since. London: Penguin.Google Scholar
- ———. 1995 [1817]. Rob Roy. New York: Signet.Google Scholar
- ———. 1998a [1816]. The Antiquary. London: Penguin.Google Scholar
- ———. 1998b [1819]. The Bride of Lammermoor. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
- ———. 2003 [1815]. Guy Mannering; Or, the Astrologer. London: Penguin.Google Scholar
- Spiller, Robert E., et al. 1953. Literary History of the United States, rev ed. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
- Stowe, Harriet Beecher. 1972 [1834]. A New England Sketch (Under the title ‘Uncle Lot’). In Regional Sketches: New England and Florida, ed. John R. Adams, 31–55. New Haven, CT: College and University Press.Google Scholar
- ———. 1894 [1869]. Oldtown Folks. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.Google Scholar
- Weill, Alexandre. 1847 [1840]. Udile und Gertrude. In Sittengemälde aus dem elsässischen Volksleben, 2 vols. in 1. Stuttgart: Franckh’sche.Google Scholar
- ———. 1853. Histoires de village. Paris: Dentu.Google Scholar
- Woodard, Colin. 2011. American Nations: A History of the Eleven Rival Regional Cultures of North America. New York: Viking.Google Scholar
- Zellweger, Rudolf. 1941. Les Débuts du roman rustique: Suisse, Allemagne, France, 1836-1856. Paris: Librairie E. Droz.Google Scholar