Changing the Gender Profile of the Professoriate: An Irish Case Study

Chapter

Abstract

This chapter analyses the success of a new university in increasing the proportion of women professors from zero in 1997 to 34% in 2012, considerably above the average for Irish (21%) and European Union (21%) universities. This focus is an important symbolic indicator in the context of the entrenched male-dominated character of universities. Drawing on documentary and experiential evidence, the chapter highlights the importance of formal leaders and informal gender champions and the synergies between them. In the context of informal gender champions it stresses the importance of ‘managing management’, leveraging prestigious external funding, ‘perverse alignments’, cross-institutional ties, ‘provocative misbehaviour’ as well as the support of formal leaders and chance in facilitating this increase. It concludes that change in the gender profile of the professoriate is possible but not inevitable.

Keywords

European Union Gender Equality Governing Authority Professorial Level Gender Awareness 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Notes

Acknowledgements

The author gratefully acknowledges the support of the European Commission’s Directorate General for Research and Innovation for FESTA (2012–2017) (grant number 287526) which provided the context for the writing of this chapter.

References

  1. Bendl, R., Schmidt, A., & Danowitz, M. A. (2014). Recalibrating management: Feminist activism to achieve equality in an evolving university. Gender, Work and Organisation, 25(2), 320–334.Google Scholar
  2. Bourdieu, P. (2001). Masculine domination. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
  3. CSO. (2014). Women and men in Ireland 2013. http://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/ep/p-wamii/womenandmeninireland2013/accessed. Accessed 25 August 2016.
  4. Daly, N., & Healy, D. (2008). Towards equality: Final report. Unpublished document.Google Scholar
  5. Department of Equality and Law Reform. (1994). National report on Ireland. Dublin: Government Publications.Google Scholar
  6. EU. (2012). Structural change in research institutions: Enhancing excellence, gender equality and efficiency in research and innovation. http://ec.europa.eu/research/science-society/document_library/pdf_06/structural-changes-final-report_en.pdf. Accessed 2 December 2012.
  7. EU. (2016). SHE figures 2015: Gender in research and innovation. http://ec.europa.eu/research/swafs/pdf/pub_gender_equality/she_figures_2015-final.pdf. Accessed 15 July 2016.
  8. Fleming, D. A. (2012). The university of Limerick: A history. Dublin: Four Courts Press.Google Scholar
  9. Gabriel, Y., Muhr, S. L., & Linstead, S. (2014). Luck of the draw? Serendipity, accident, chance and misfortune in organization and design. Culture and Organization, 20(5), 334–341.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. Goode, J., & Bagilhole, B. (1998). Gendering the management of change in higher education: A case study. Gender, Work and Organisation, 5(3), 148–164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. Gunter, H. (2010). A sociological approach to educational leadership. British Journal of the Sociology of Education, 31(4), 519–527.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. Hammersley, M. (2008). Assessing validity in social research. In P. Alasuutari, L. Bickman, & J. Brannen (Eds.), Handbook of social research methods (pp. 42–53). London: Sage.Google Scholar
  13. HEA. (2004). The report of the high level group on university equality policies. Dublin: Higher Educational Authority.Google Scholar
  14. HEA. (2016). National review of gender equality in Irish higher educational institutions report of the expert group. http://www.hea.ie/sites/default/files/hea_review_of_gender_equality_in_irish_higher_education.pdf. Accessed 15 July 2016.
  15. Humphreys, P., Drew, E., & Murphy, C. (1999). Gender equality in the civil service. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration.Google Scholar
  16. Hunt Report. (2011). National strategy for higher education to 2030: Report of the strategy group to the minister for education. Dublin: Department of Education and Skills.Google Scholar
  17. Husu, L. (2001). On metaphors on the position of women in academia and science. NORA Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research, 9(3), 172–181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. Lindsay, N. (1993). Opening Address. In O. Egan (Ed.), Equality of opportunity in third level education in Ireland (pp. 5–7). Cork: National Unit on Equal Opportunities at Third Level.Google Scholar
  19. Lynch, K., Grummell, B., & Devine, D. (2012). New managerialism in education: Commercialisation, carelessness and gender. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. Mabry, L. (2008). Case study in social research. In P. Alasuutari, L. Bickman, & J. Brannen (Eds.), Handbook of social research methods (pp. 328–343). London: Sage.Google Scholar
  21. McGauran, A. (2005). Plus ca change.…? Gender mainstreaming of the Irish national development plan. Dublin: Policy Institute, TCD.Google Scholar
  22. Meyerson, D. E., & Scully, M. A. (1995). Tempered radicalism and the politics of ambivalence and change. Organisation Science, 6(5), 585–600.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. Morley, L. (2003). Quality and power in higher education. Berkshire: Society for Research into Higher Education, Open University Press and McGraw Hill.Google Scholar
  24. Morley, L. (2013). Women and higher education leadership: Absences and aspirations. London: Leadership Development for Higher Education.Google Scholar
  25. Newman, J. (2013). Spaces of power: feminism, neo-liberalism and gendered Labour. Social Politics, 20(2), 200–221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  26. O’Connor, P. (1998). Emerging voices: Women in contemporary Irish society. Dublin: IPA.Google Scholar
  27. O’Connor, P. (2014a). Management and gender in higher education. Manchester: Manchester University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  28. O’Connor, P. (2014b). Understanding success: A case study of gendered change in the professoriate. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 36(2), 212–224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  29. O’Connor, P., & O’Hagan, C. (2015). Excellence in university academic staff evaluation: A problematic reality?. Studies in higher education. doi: 10.1080/03075079.2014.1000292.
  30. OECD. (2012). Closing the gender gap: Act now!. http://www.oecd.org/gender/closingthegap.htm. Accessed 19 December 2012.
  31. Peterson, H. (2014). ‘Someone needs to be first’ women pioneers as change agents in higher education management. Advances in Gender Research, 19, 395–413.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  32. QNHS. (2016). Quarterly national household survey Q2, 23 August CSO. http://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/er/qnhs/quarterlynationalhouseholdsurveyquarter22016/. Accessed 25 August 2016.
  33. Richardson, I. (1997, 24–27 May). Use of quality function deployment to develop a women’s studies strategy. Proceedings of 6th International IFIP Conference (pp. 401–409). Bonn, Germany.Google Scholar
  34. Richardson, I. (2013, March). Challenging the leaky pipeline in science, engineering and technology. Paper presented at International Women’s Day Conference, University of Limerick.Google Scholar
  35. Saglamer, G. (2011). Leadership in higher education with special reference to women leaders in academia. In S. Bergan, E. Egron-Polak, J. Kohler, & L. Purser (Eds.), Leadership and governance in higher education: Handbook for decision makers and administrators (pp. 19–36). Berlin: Raabe Academic Publishers.Google Scholar
  36. Stanley, L., & Wise, S. (1993). Breaking out again (2nd Ed.). London: Routledge.Google Scholar
  37. Strategic Plan. (2015). Broadening horizons 2015–2019. Limerick: University of Limerick.Google Scholar
  38. Universities Act. (1997). Government Publications: Dublin.Google Scholar
  39. Valian, V. (2014, 25 March). ‘Gender equality keynote’ structural transformation to achieve gender equality in science. Stages Conference, Brussels.Google Scholar
  40. Walsh, E., with Fagan, K. (2011). Friends, foes and founding a university. Cork: Collins Press.Google Scholar
  41. Webber, R., & Jones, K. (2011). Re-positioning as a response to government higher education policy development: an Australian case study. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 33(1), 17–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© The Author(s) 2017

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of SociologyUniversity of LimerickLimerickIreland
  2. 2.Geary Institute, University College DublinDublinIreland

Personalised recommendations