Two Reports, One Empire: Race and Gender in British Post-War Social Welfare Discourse

  • Denise Noble
Chapter
Part of the Thinking Gender in Transnational Times book series (THINKGEN)

Abstract

This chapter is the first of two historical sociology chapters that use genealogy to historicize the meanings of freedom, Black British identity and Black womanhood presented in the previous chapters. As an ontology of the present, the aim of these two chapters is to identify the conjunctures informing the changing temporalities of what we have identified as liberal-colonial governmentality, as it has targeted and sought to shape African Caribbean women as both subjects of freedom and subjects of British liberal-colonial rule—that is, racial governmentality. These two chapters also reveal the double articulation of the colonial relation in which British ideas of freedom, race, gender and citizenship have been elaborated and reformed within a colonial circulation of power, interests and influence, in which the interests of the metropole and the colonies have been mutually dependant. The insights gained from this long view will then be used in the remaining chapters to assist in reframing our understanding of the present defined by neoliberal conceptions of freedom, and the postcolonial legacies of empire in contemporary multicultural Britain. This chapter addresses the post-war period of mass immigration of Caribbean people to Britain, focusing on the immigrant woman rather than the immigrant man, who for a long time was the central figure of the immigrant in British migration discourse. The chapter explores the role of post-war social policy across the British Empire and within Britain, Reading the Moyne Report in the mid-twentieth-century articulations of patriarchal racial rule and British liberal nation-building, in which the status of women, gender relations and the family were central to modernizing welfare reforms and the management of ‘race’ at home and abroad.

Keywords

Immigrant Woman Gender Relation Welfare Reform British Colonial Colonial State 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

References

  1. Abbas, T. 2004. After 9/11: British South Asian Muslims, Islamophobia, Multiculturalism, and the State. American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 21(3): 26–38.Google Scholar
  2. Beveridge, William. 1942. Sir. “Great Britain. Inter-Departmental Committee on Social Insurance and Allied Services: Social Insurance and Allied Services.” London: H.M.S.O.Google Scholar
  3. Bolland, Nigel O. 2001a. On the March: Labour Rebellions in the British Caribbean, 1934–1939. Kingston Jamaica: Ian Randle Publishers, James Currey.Google Scholar
  4. ———. 2001b. The Politics of Labour in the British Caribbean: The Social Origins of Authoritarianism and Democracy in the Labour Movement. Kingston Jamaica: Ian Randle.Google Scholar
  5. Bolles, A. Lynn. 2005. Making Women Matter: Anglophone Caribbean Trades Union Leaders. In Revisiting Caribbean Labor: Essays in Honor of O. Nigel Bolland, ed. Constance R. Sutton. Kingston, Jamaica: Ian Randle.Google Scholar
  6. Brah, Avtar. 1996. Cartographies of Diaspora: Contesting Identities. London, New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
  7. Byron, Margaret. 1998. Migration, Work and Gender: The Case of Post War Labour Migration from the Caribbean to Britain’. In Caribbean Migration: Globalised Identities, ed. Mary Chamberlain. London, New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
  8. Cameron, David. 2011a. Prime Minister’s Speech at Munich Security Conference February 5, 2011. Accessed May 15, 2016. https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/pms-speech-at-munich-security-conference
  9. ———. 2011b. David Cameron’s Commons statement on the Riots 11-August 2011. Accessed May 15, 2016. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-14492789
  10. Christian, Mark. 2008. The Fletcher Report 1930: A Historical Case Study of Contested Black Mixed Heritage Britishness. Journal of Historical Sociology 21(2–3): 213–241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. Colonial Office. 1945. British Labour Conditions in the West Indies London. London: Her Majesty’s Stationary Office.Google Scholar
  12. De Barros, Juanita. 2014. Reproducing the British Caribbean: Sex, Gender, and Population Politics After Slavery. Chapel Hill: UNC Press Books.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  13. Fawcett Society. 2011. Single mothers: Singled out—The impact of 2010-15 tax and benefit changes on women and men. Accessed June 16, 2016. http://www.rosswa.co.uk/single-mothers-singled-out-the-impact-of-2010-15-tax-and-benefit-changes-on-women-and-men/
  14. Furedi, Frank. 1998. The Silent War. London: Pluto.Google Scholar
  15. Gilroy, Paul. 2004. After Empire: Melancholia Or Convivial Culture? London: Routledge.Google Scholar
  16. Great Britain, Colonial Office. 1945. West India Royal Commission Report London: Her Majesty’s Stationary Office. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
  17. Grosfoguel, Ramon. 1998. Modes of Incorporation: Colonial Caribbean Migrants in Western Europe and the United States. In Caribbean Migration: Colonial Identities, ed. Mary Chamberlain. London & New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
  18. Harrison, John. 2011. The Colonial Legacy and Social Policy in the Caribbean. In Colonialism and Welfare: Social Policy and the British Imperial Legacy, ed. James Midgley and David Piachaud. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing.Google Scholar
  19. Hesse, Barnor. 2000a. Black Britain’s Postcolonial Formations. In Un/Settled Multiculturalisms: Diasporas, Entanglements, Transruptions, ed. Barnor Hesse. London, New York: Zed.Google Scholar
  20. ———. 2000b. Introduction. In Un/Settled Multiculturalisms: Diaporas, Entanglements, Transruptions, ed. Barnor Hesse. London, New York: Zed.Google Scholar
  21. Hewitt, Hermi. 2002. Trailblazers in Nursing Education: A Caribbean Perspective, 1946–1986. Kingston, Jamaica: Canoe Press.Google Scholar
  22. Holdsworth, C., and A. Dale. 1997. Ethnic Differences in Women’s Employment. Work, Employment & Society 11(3): 435–457.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. Holloway, G. 2007. Women and Work in Britain Since 1840. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
  24. Jenson, Jane, and Mariette Sineau. 2001. Who Cares? Women’s Work, Childcare, and Welfare State Redesign. Toronto, Buffalo, and London: University of Toronto Press.Google Scholar
  25. Jones, Rose Harriet. 2001. The State and Social Policy. In Women in 20th Century Britain, ed. Ina Zweiniger-Bargielowska. Harlow, Essex: Pearson Education.Google Scholar
  26. Lawrence, E. 1982. In the Abundance of Water the Fool Is Thirsty: Sociology and Black ‘Pathology’. In The Empire Strikes Back: Race and Racism in 70s Britain, ed. Centre For Contemporary Cultural Studies. Hutchinson: London, Melbourne.Google Scholar
  27. Lentin, A., and G. Titley. 2012. The Crisis of ‘Multiculturalism’ in Europe: Mediated Minarets, Intolerable Subjects. European Journal of Cultural Studies 15(2): 123–138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  28. McDowell, Linda. 2013. Working Lives: Gender, Migration and Employment in Britain, 1945–2007. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  29. Mouffe, Chantal. 1999. Deliberative Democracy or Agonistic Pluralism? Social research 66: 745–758.Google Scholar
  30. Paton, Diana. 2009. Obeah Acts: Producing and Policing the Boundaries of Religion in the Caribbean. Small Axe 28: 10–18.Google Scholar
  31. Peach, Ceri. 1991. The Caribbean in Europe: Contrasting Patterns of Migration and Settlement in Britain, France and the Netherlands. Research Paper in Ethnic Relations No. 15. Centre for Research in Ethnic Relations, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.Google Scholar
  32. Reddock, Rhoda. 1994. Women, Labour and Politics in Trinidad and Tobago: A History. New Jersey: Zed Books.Google Scholar
  33. Rush, Spry, and Anne. 2011. Bonds of Empire: West Indians and Britishness from Victoria to Decolonization. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  34. Seekings, Jeremy. 2005. Visions, Hopes and Views About the Future: The Radical Moment of South African Welfare Reform. South Africa’s 1940s: Worlds of Possibilities. Double Storey: Cape Town.Google Scholar
  35. Sheller, M. 1998. Quasheba, Mother, Queen: Black Women’s Public Leadership and Political Protest in Post‐Emancipation Jamaica, 1834–65. Slavery and Abolition 19(3): 90–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  36. Sinha, M. 1995. Colonial Masculinity: The ‘Manly Englishman’ and the ‘Effeminate Bengali’ in the Late Nineteenth Century. Vol. 1. Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
  37. Spencer, Ian R.G. 1997. British Immigration since 1939—The Making of Multi-Racial Britain. London, New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
  38. Stoler, Ann L. 1989. Making Empire Respectable: The Politics of Race and Sexual Morality in 20th-Century Colonial Cultures. American Ethnologist 16(4): 634–660.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  39. ———. 2002. Carnal Knowledge and Imperial Power: Race and the Intimate in Colonial Rule. Berkeley, London: University of California.Google Scholar
  40. Webster, Wendy. 1998. Imagining Home: Gender Race and National Identity 1945–1964. London: UCL Press.Google Scholar
  41. ———. 2005. Englishness and Empire 1939–1965. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Copyright information

© The Author(s) 2016

Authors and Affiliations

  • Denise Noble
    • 1
  1. 1.SociologyBirmingham City UniversityBirminghamUK

Personalised recommendations