Abstract
Tsai-t’ie., born August 2, 1872, son of Yi-huan Prince Ch‘un, who was seventh son of the Emperor Tao-kuang and brother of the Emperor Hsien-fêng. Succeeded to the throne under the title of Kuang-hsi. on the death of his cousin the Emperor T‘ung-chih, January 22, 1875. Came of age and assumed government nominally in March, 1887; married February 26, 1889. From the date of his marriage up to September, 1898, he was to a considerable extent the real and not merely the nominal head of the state, but in consequence of a rather erratic tendency to reform disclosed by a succession of decrees issued in that month, the Empress Dowager (see below) resumed power, and she has been the potential ruler of China ever since.
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Statistical and other Books of Reference concerning Chinese Empire
1. China Official Publications
Correspondence respecting the affairs of China (1 and 2, 1899, and 1, 1900).—Correspondence respecting the Disturbances in China (3, 1900, and 1, 1901). London, 1899–1901.— Correspondence respecting China, Nos. 1. 2, and 3, 1902. London.
Customs Gazette, Shanghai; published quarterly. Returns of Trade at the Treaty Ports in China. Part I. Abstracts of Trade and Customs Revenue Statistics. Part II. Statistics of each Pert. Shanghai, published yearly. Imperial Maritime Customs Publications:— I. Statistical Series, Customs Gazette (quarterly), Returns of Trade Part I. Abstracts; Part II. Statistics of each Port; II. Special Series, Medical, &c.; III. Miscellaneous Series, Lighthouses. Shanghai. A continuation of Statistical Series, 1904, contains Report on the Working of the Post Office.
Decennial Reports, 1892 to 1901. Shanghai, 1903.
Foreign Office Reports. Annual and Miscellaneous Series. London. [For Chinese Imperial Finance see Consul Jamieson’s Report, Miscellaneous Series, No. 415. London, 1897.]
Progress of Educational Reform in China. By E. T. “Williams. In Annual Report of the U.S. Commissioner of Education for 1905. Washington, D. C., 1907.
Treaties between Great Britain and China, by Sir E. Hertslet. 2 vols. London. 1896 —Treaties between the Empire of China and Foreign Powers, with Regulations for Trade, &c. Shanghai, 1902.
Non-Official Publications
Bal. (J. D.), Things Chinese. 4th edit. London, 1904.
Bar. (M. E.), Les Chinois chez eux. Paris, 1899.
Bastia. (Dr. A.), Die Völker des östlichen Asiens. 6 vols. 8. Jena, 1866–71.
Beaulie. (P. Leroy), La Renovation de l’Asie (Sibérie, Chine, Japon). Paris, 1900.— The Awakening of the East (Eng. Trans.). London, 1900.
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Birc. (J. G.), Travels in North and Central China. London, 1902.
Bisho. (Mrs. Isabella), The Yangtze Valley and Beyond. London, 1899.—Pictures from China. London, 1900.
Boulge. (B. C), History of China. 2nd edit. 2 vols. London, 1898.—A Short History of China. New ed. London, 1900.
Brand. (M. von), Aus dem Lande des Zopfes. Leipzic, 1894. Ostasiatische Fragen, Leipzic, 1897.—Dreiunddreissig Jahre in Ost Asien. Leipzig, 1901.
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Bruc. (Major C. D.), In the Footsteps of Marco Polo. London, 1907.
Car. (K. A.), With the Empress-Dowager of China. London, 1906.
Carl. (Mario), Il Ce-Kiang,Studio geographico-economico. Roma, 1899.
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Duboi. (M.) et Gu. (C.), Album Géographique. Tome II. Paris, 1897.
Dyc. (C. M), Personal Reminiscences of Thirty Years’ Residence in the Model Settlement, Shanghai, 1870–1900. London, 1906.
Edkin. (J.), Religion in China. 3rd edit. 8. London, 1880.
Edward. (N. P.), The Story of China. London, 1900.
Ehler. (O. E.), Im Osten Asiens. 3rd edit. Berlin, 1896.
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Gordo. (General), Events in the Taeping Rebellion. London, 1884.
Gors. (H. E.), China. London, 1899.
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Gra. (Ven. John Henry), China: a History of the Laws, Manners, and Customs of the People. 2 vols. 8. London 1878.
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Hackman. (L. H.), Vom Omi bis Bhamo. Halle a. S., 1905. London, 1895.
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Hard. (E J.), John Chinaman at Home. London, 1905
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Hrig. (F.), China, seine Dynastien, Verwaltung, und Verfassung. Berlin, 1900.
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Jagatjit Sing. (H.H. the Raja-i-Rajgan of Kapurthala), My Travels in China, Japan, and Java in 1903. London, 1905.
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Ken. (P. H.), Railway Enterprise in China. London, 1907.
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Legg. (J.), Chinese Classics, with Translations, Prolegomena, &c. New ed. 7 vols. Oxford, 1893.
Lero. (H.), En.Chine, Sehely. Paris, 1900.
Littl. (A.), Through the Yangtse Gorges, or Trade and Travel in Western China. 3rd ed. London, 1898.—Mount Omi and Beyond. London, 1901.—The Far East. Oxford, 1905.
Littl. (Mrs. A.). Intimate China. London, 1899.—The Land of tbe Blue Gown. 2nd ed. London, 1902.—Out in China. London, 1902.—Round my Peking Garden. London, 1906
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MacMaho. (A. R.), Far Cathay and Farther India. 8. London, 1893.
Madroll. (C.), Les Peuples et les Langues do la Chine Meridionale. Paris, 1898.— Hainan. Paris, 1900.—Chine du Nord et de l’Ouest, Corée, le Trans-sibérien. Chine du Sud et de l’Est Ports du Japon (Guide Books). Paris, 1904.
Maha. (A. T.), The Problem of Asia. London, 1900.
Marti. (W. A. P.), A Cycle of Cathay. Edinburgh, 1896.—The Siege in Pekin. Edinburgh, 1900.—The Lore of Cathay. Edinburgh, 1901.—The Awakening of China London, 1907.
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Mayer. (W. F.), The Chinese Government. London, 1903.
Mayer. (S. F.), The Higher Metropolitan and Provincial Authorities of China. Shanghai, 1907.
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Michi. (A.), The Englishman in China (Sir R. Alcock). 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1900.
Mission yonnaise d’Exploration en Chine, 1895–97. Lyon, 1898.
Mors. (H. B.), The Trade and Administration of the Chinese Empire. London, 1908.
Moul. (A. E), New China and Old. London, 1902.
Mounie. (M.), LeDrame Chinois. Paris, 1900.
Navarr. (B.), China und die Chinesen. 2 vols. Bremen, 1901.
Nichol. (F. H.), Through Hidden Shensi. London, 1902.
Nonma. (H.), Peoples and Politics of the Far East. London, 1895.
Obrutsehe. (V. A), Aus China: Reiseerlebnisse. 2 vols. 8. 1896.—The New Capital (Singan-fu) of China and the Routes to it from the Yellow Sea (in Russian St. Petersburg, 1901).
Oliphan. (L.), Lord ‘Elgin’s Mission to China and Japan, 1856–59. 2 vols. 8. London, 1860.
Oxenha. (E. L.), Historical Atlas of the Chinese Empire. 2nd ed. Loudon, 1898.
Parke. (E. H.), China, her History, Diplomacy, and Commerce. London, 1901.—John Chinaman and a few Others. London, 1901.—China Past and Present. London, 1903.—China and Religion. London, 1905.
Parson. (B.), An American Engineer iu China. New York, 1901.
Perciva. (W. S.), Twenty Years in the Far East. London, 1905.
Pino. (R. J. de M.), La Chine qui s’ouvre. Paris, 1900.
Planehu. (E.), China and the Chinese. [Eng. Translation.] London, 1899.
Playfai. (G. M. H.), Cities and Towns of China. Hong Kong, 1879.
Bead. (O. G.), Life and Sport in China. London, 1903.
Reclu. (Elisée), Nouvelle géographie universelle. Tome VII. Paris, 1882.—L’Empire du Milieu. Paris, 1901.
Richar. (P. L.), Geographie de l’Empire de Chine. T’ou-sé-wé, China, 1905.
Richthofe. (Ferd. von), China: Ergebnisse eigener Reisen und darauf gegründeter Studien. Vols. I., II. and IV., and Atlas. 4. Berlin, 1877–85.
Richthofe. (Ferd. von), Letters on the Provinces of Chekiang and Nganhwei; and on Nanking and Chinkiang. 4. Shanghai, 1871.
Roche. (E.), La province chinoise de Yünnan. Paris, 1880.
Rockhil. (W. W.), Inquiry into the Population of China. (From Smithsonian Muse. Coll., vol. 47, pt. 3). Washington, 1904.
Scidmor. (Eliza R.). China, the Long-lived Empire. New York, 1900.
Scot. (Grace), Twenty-six Years of Missionary Work in China. London, 1897.
Scot. (R. W. R.), The People of China. London, 1900.
Selb. (T. G.), Chinamen at Home. London, 1900.
Simo. (E.), China: Religious, Political, and Social. London, 1887.
Slade. (Major E. B.), Official Narrative of the Expedition to explore the Trade Routes to China via Bhamo. 8. Calcutta, 1870.
Smit. (A. H.), Chinese Characteristics. 2d. ed. 8. London, 1895.—Village Life in China. New York, 1899.—China in Convulsion. 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1901.
Templ. (Sir R.), Population Statistics of China, in Journal of the Statist. Soc. vol. 48, 1885, p. 1.
Thomso. (J.), Through China with a Camera. 2nd ed. London, 1899.
Tiesee. (E.), China, das Reich der achtzehn Provinzen. Berlin, 1902.
Townle. (Lady Susan), My Chinese Note Book. London, 1904.
Ula. (A.), A Russo-Chinese Empire. [Trans, from the French.] London, 1904.
Vladimi., The China-Japanese War. London, 1895.
William. (Dr. S. Wells), The Middle Kingdom: a Survey of the Geography, Government, &c, of the Chinese Empire. New ed. 2 vols. London, 1899.—A History of China: Being the Historical Chapters from ‘The Middle Kingdom,’ with a Chapter on Recent Events by F. Wells Williams. London, 1897.
Wilso. (J. H.). Travels and Investigations in the Middle Kingdom. New York, 1888.
Wol. (E.), Meine Wanderungen. I. Im innern Chinas. Stuttgart and Leipzig, 1901.
Younghusban. (F. E.), The Heart of a Continent: Travels in Manchuria, &c. 8. 1696. —Among the Celestials. London, 1898.
2. Chinese Dependencies Manchuria
Aner. (E. E.). Puteshestviye po Manchurii. St. Petersburg, 1904.
Hosi. (A.), Manchuria: its People, Resources, and Recent History. London, 1901.
Jame. (H. E. M.). The Long White Mountain, or a Journey in Manchuria. London, 1888.
Littl. (A.), The Far East. Oxford, 1905.
Orlof. (N. A.), Die Eroberung der Mandschurei durch die Transbaikal-Kosaken im Jahre 1900. [Trans, from Russ.] Strassburg, 1904.—Die Mandschurei. [Trans, from Russ.] Berlin, 1904.
Podznéef. (A.), Opisanie Manchurii. 2 vols. St. Petersburg, 1897.
Ros. (Rev. J.), The Manchus; or the Reigning Dynasty of China, their Rise and Progress, London, 1880.
Seama. (L. L.), From Tokio through Manchuria with the Japanese. New York, 1905.
Weal. (B. L. P.), Manchu and Muscovite. London, 1904.—The Re-shaping o the Far East. London, 1905.—Tho Truce in the East and its Aftermath. London, 1907.—The Coming Struggle in Eastern Asia. London, 1908.
Whigha. (H. J.), Manchuria and Korea. London, 1904.
Williamso. (Rev. A.), Journeys in North China, Manchuria, and Eastern Mongolia. With some Account of Corea. 2 vols. 8. London, 1870.
Tibet
Papers on Tibet. Cd. 1920. London, 1904.—Further Papers on Tibet. Cd. 20 London, 1904.—Further Papers on Tibet. No. III., Cd. 2870. London, 1905.
Bowe. (H.), Diary of a Journey across Tibet. 8. London, 1894.
Candle. (E.), On the Road to Lhasa.—The Unveiling of Lhasa. London, 1905.
Crosb. (O. T.), Tibet and Turkestan. London, 1906.
Da. (Sarat Chandra), Journey to Lhasa and Central Tibet. London, 1902.
Deas. (H. H. P.), In Tibet and Chinese Turkestan. London, 1901.
Dunca. (Jane E.), A Summer Ride through Western Tibet. London, 1906.
Filchne. (W.), Das Kloster Kumbum in Tibet. Berlin, 1906.
Filchne. (W.), Das Rätzel des Matschu. Meine Tibet Expedition. Berlin, 1907.
Gensho. (A.), Unter Chinesen und Tibetanern, Rostock, 1905.
Gerar. (F.), Tibet: The Country and its Inhabitants, [Trans, from the French.] London, 1904.
Graha. (J. A.), On the Threshold of Three Cloud Lands. London, 1897.
Hedi. (Sven), Through Asia. 2 vols. London, 1898.—Central Asia and Tibet. 2 vols. London, 1903.—Adventures in Tibet, London, 1904
Holdic. (Sir T.), Tibet the Mysterious. In’ story of Exploration’ Series. London 1906.
Hu. (L’Abbé E. R.), Travels in Tartary, Thibet, and China, 1884–86. Translated from the French. 2 vols. London, 1898.
Lando. (P.), Lhasa: The Tibet Expedition, 1903–04. 2nd ed. London, 1906.
Lando. (A. H. S.), In the Forbidden Land. [Tibet.] London, 1899.—China and the Allies. 2 vols. London, 1901.
Lansdel. (H.), Chinese Central Asia: a Ride to Little Tibet. 2 vote. London, 1893.
Launa. (A.), Histoire de la Mission du Thibet. 2 vols. Paris.
Marsto. (Annie W.), The Great Closed Land (Tibet). 8. London, 1894.
Millingto. (P.), To Lhasa at Last. London, 1905.
Pyevtsof. (M. V.), Results of the Tibet Expedition of 1889–90. [In Russian.] St. Petersburg, 1896.
Prat. (A. E.), To the Snows of Tibet through China. 8. London, 1892.
Bawlin. (C. G.), The Great Plateau. London, 1905.
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Chinese Turkestan
Churc. B. W.), Chinese Turkestan with Caravan and Rifle, Loudon, 1901.
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Mongolia
Campbel. (C. W.), Journeys in Mongolia, In Geogr. Journal for November, 1903.— Report on a Journey in Mongolia. China. No. 1. 1904. See als. China. No. 3. 1964.
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Keltie, J.S. (1908). China. In: Keltie, J.S. (eds) The Statesman’s Year-Book. The Statesman’s Yearbook. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230270374_15
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