Abstract
Are sick people as big a threat to the stability and security of Sub-Saharan Africa as arms proliferation and civil conflict? Health and disease have emerged as major themes in analyzing the state of politics and security in Sub-Saharan Africa in recent years. While there appears to be a growing consensus on the importance of health and disease for African politics and security, understandings and interpretations of that importance vary widely. We find ourselves in a situation where most people agree that health matters, but large disagreements exist over how and why it matters. Resolving, or at least understanding, the nature of these differences has important implications for both academic analysis and policymaking.
Chapter PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Keywords
- National Security
- Lower Respiratory Infection
- Security Issue
- United Nations Development Program
- Diarrheal Disease
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Notes
World Health Organization, The Global Burden of Disease: 2004 Update (Geneva: World Health Organization, 2004).
UNAIDS, 2008 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic (Geneva: UNAIDS, 2008).
Kim Ashburn, Nandini Oomman, Dave Wendt, and Steve Rosenzweig, Moving Beyond Gender as Usual (Washington, D.C.: Center for Global Development, 2009), 1.
Yee-Wei Lim, Marc Steinhoff, Federico Girosi, Douglas Holtzman, Harry Campbell, Rob Boer, Robert Black, and Kim Mulholland, “Reducing the Global Burden of Acute Lower Respiratory Infections in Children: The Contribution of New Diagnostics,” Nature 444, no. 5442 (2006): 9–16.
William Eagle, “NGOs Urge Renewed Fight Against Diarrheal Diseases,” Voice of America, June 19, 2009, http://www.voanews.com/.
Thomas Nchinda, “Malaria: A Reemerging Disease in Africa,” Emerging Infectious Diseases 4, no. 3 (1998): 398.
Randall M. Packard, The Making of a Tropical Disease: A Short History of Malaria (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007), 178.
World Health Organization, “Malaria,” http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs094/en/index.html (accessed July 30, 2009).
Gallup, John Luke and Jeffrey Sachs, “The Economic Burden of Malaria,” American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 64, no. 1 (2001): 85–96.
World Health Organization, Global Burden of Disease (Geneva: World Health Organization, 2004).
Richard E. Chaisson and Neil A. Martinson, “Tuberculosis in Africa — Combating an HIV-Driven Crisis,” New England Journal of Medicine 358, no. 11 (2008): 1089.
World Health Organization, “Tuberculosis,” http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs104/en/index.html (accessed July 30, 2009).
Yanis Ben Amor, Bennett Nemser, Angad Singh, Alyssa Sankin, and Neil Schluger, “Underreported Threat of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Africa,” Emerging Infectious Diseases 14, no. 9 (2008): 1345–1352
Yanis Ben Amor, Bennett Nemser, Angad Singh, Alyssa Sankin, and Neil Schluger, “Underreported Threat of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Africa,” Emerging Infectious Diseases 14, no. 9 (2008): 1345–1352; Jerome Amir Singh, Ross Upshur, and Nesri Padayatchi, “XDR-TB in South Africa: No Time for Denial or Complacency,” PLoS Medicine 4, no. 1 (2007): 19–25.
Stephen Walt, “The Renaissance of Security Studies,” International Studies Quarterly 35, no. 2 (1991): 212.
Daniel Deudney, “The Case against Linking Environmental Degradation and National Security,” Millennium 19, no. 3 (1990): 461–476.
Edward W Kolodziej, “Renaissance in Security Studies? Caveat Lector!,” International Studies Quarterly 36, no. 4 (1992): 421–438.
United Nations Development Program, Human Development Report, 1994 (New York: Oxford, 1994), 22.
Colin McInnes, “Health,” in Security Studies: An Introduction, ed. Paul Williams (New York: Routledge, 2008), 276–277.
Ole Waever, “Securitization and Desecuritization,” in On Security, ed. Ronnie Lipschutz (New York: Columbia University Press, 1995), 65.
Vinh-Kim Nguyen and Katherine Stovel, The Social Science of HIV/AIDS: A Critical Review and Priorities for Action (New York: SSRC, 2004), 37.
United Nations Development Program, “HIV/AIDS Implications for Poverty Reduction,” UNDP Policy Paper, Background Paper prepared for the United Nations Development Program for the UN General Assembly Special Session on HIV/AIDS, 2001.
International Crisis Group, HIV/AIDS as a Security Issue (Brussels: International Crisis Group, 2001).
Anthony C. Butler, “The Negative and Positive Impacts of HIV/AIDS on Democracy in South Africa,” Journal of Contemporary African Studies 23, no. 1 (2005): 5–7.
Jeremy Youde, “Government AIDS Policies and Public Opinion in Africa,” Politikon 39, no. 2 (2009): 219–235.
Per Strand, Khabele Matlosa, Ann Strode, and Kondwani Chirambo, HIV/AIDS and Democratic Governance in South Africa: Illustrating the Impact on Electoral Processes (Pretoria: IDASA, 2006), 96–97.
Andrew T. Price-Smith, Contagion and Chaos: Disease, Ecology, and National Security in the Era of Globalization (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2009), 24.
Lindy Heinecken, “The Potential Impact of HIV/AIDS on the South African Armed Forces: Some Evidence from Outside and Within,” Afican Security Review 18, no. 1 (2009): 62.
Lindy Heinecken, “HIV/AIDS, the Military, and the Impact on National and International Security,” Society in Transition 32, no.1 (2001): 121–122.
Lindy Heinecken, “Facing a Merciless Enemy: HIV/AIDS and the South African Armed Forces,” Armed Forces and Society 29, no. 2 (2003): 291–292.
Robert L. Ostergard, Jr., “Politics in the Hot Zone: AIDS and National Security in Africa,” Third World Quarterly 23, no. 2 (2002): 334.
Stefan Elbe, “HIV/AIDS and the Changing Landscape of War in Africa,” International Security 27, no. 1 (2002): 153.
World Health Organization, “Cumulative Number of Confirmed Cases of Influenza A/(H5N1) Reported to WHO,” July 1, 2009. http://www.who.int/csr/disease/avian_influenza/country/cases_table_2009_07_01/en/index.html.
Colin McInnes and Kelley Lee, “Health, Security, and Foreign Policy,” Review of International Studies 32, no. 1 (2006): 9.
Tony Barnett and Gwyn Prins, “HIV/AIDS and Security: Fact, Fiction, and Evidence—A Report to UNAIDS,” International Affairs 82, no. 2 (2006): 359–368.
Colin Mclnnes, “HIV/AIDS and Security,” International Affairs 82, no. 2 (2006): 315–326.
David P. Fidler, “Vital Signs,” The World Today (February 2009): 29.
Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs, HIV/AIDS, Security, and Democracy: Seminar Report (Clingendael Institute, The Hague, 2009), 8. http://asci.ssrc.org/doclibrary/seminarreport.pdf.
William Aldis, “Health Security as a Public Health Concept: A Critical Analysis,” Health Policy and Planning 23, no. 6 (2008): 372–373.
Harley Feldbaum, US Global Health and National Security Policy (Washington: CSIS, 2009), 2. http://www.csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/090420_feldbaum_usglobalhealth.pdf.
Amy S. Patterson, The Politics of AIDS in Africa (Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 2006), 139.
Committee on the US Commitment to Global Health, The US Commitment to Global Health: Recommendations for the New Administration (Washington: National Academies Press, 2008).
Tony Barnett and Indranil Dutta, HIV and State Failure: Is HIV a Security Risk? (New York: SSRC, 2008), 17.
Azusa Sato, Is HIV/AIDS a Threat to Security in Fragile States? (New York: SSRC, 2008).
Susan Peterson, “Human Security, National Security, and Epidemic Disease,” in HIV/AIDS and the Threat to National and International Security, ed. Robert L. Ostergard, Jr. (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007), 38.
Harley Feldbaum, Preeti Patel, Egbert Sondorp, and Kelley Lee, “Global Health and National Security: The Need for Critical Engagement,” Medicine, Conflict, and Survival 22, no. 3 (2006): 196.
Jeremy Shiffman, “Has Donor Prioritization of HIV/AIDS Displaced Aid for Other Health Issues?” Health Policy and Planning 23, no. 2 (2008): 95–100.
Jeremy Youde, “From Resistance to Receptivity: Transforming the AIDS Crisis into a Human Rights Issue,” in The International Struggle for New Human Rights, ed. Clifford Bob (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008), 68–82.
Jeremy Youde, “Is Universal Access to Antiretroviral Drugs an Emerging International Norm?” Journal of International Relations and Development 11, no. 4 (2008): 415–440.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2010 Jack Mangala
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Youde, J. (2010). Confronting Africa’s Health Challenges. In: Mangala, J. (eds) New Security Threats and Crises in Africa. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230115538_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230115538_7
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, New York
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-29079-6
Online ISBN: 978-0-230-11553-8
eBook Packages: Palgrave Political & Intern. Studies CollectionPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)