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‘A Full and Particular Account’: Representations of Morality and Justice in Broadside Discourse

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Crime, Broadsides and Social Change, 1800-1850

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Abstract

This chapter will now focus in detail on what broadsides can tell us about nineteenth-century working-class attitudes to crime, law, morality and punishment. Evidence from a discourse analysis conducted on 650 broadsides will be presented and several distinct categories revealing contemporary perceptions of criminal justice will be discussed, with broadside evidence regarding public attitudes to execution being given especial focus. Overall, it will be argued that broadside discourse reveals widespread popular support for criminal justice and that the working classes experienced great anxiety regarding crime and disorder in society. For example, broadsides reporting on horrific murders often reveal intense moral outrage and concern for the threatened civility of the nation. This therefore necessitates a shift in the interpretation of broadsides, since close analysis reveals that their content embodies popular mentalities more often than state agendas.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    ‘Execution of An Old Woman’ [Glasgow: John Muir], University of Glasgow Library, Special Collection on ‘The History of Crime and Punishment in Britain 1790–1870’ [Shelfmark: Eph G/93].

  2. 2.

    ‘Execution. Account of the behaviour in confinement and on the Scaffold, of James Glen, who suffered at Glasgow on Wednesday the 12th of December, 1827, for the terrible, cruel, and barbarous Murder of his own infant child, by throwing it into the Forth and Clyde Canal, at a place called the New Plash, with an account of his sorrowful parting with his friends. His body was afterwards given for dissection’ [Glasgow: W. Carse], National Library of Scotland, The Word on the Street Collection: Executions and Executioners [Shelfmark: L.C.Fol.73(098)].

  3. 3.

    ‘Trial and Sentence! A True and Particular Account of the Trial and Sentence of Janet Douglas, who is to be Executed at Edinburgh, on Wednesday the 15th Day of October next, for Child Stealing!!!’ [Edinburgh: n. pr.], National Library of Scotland, The Word on the Street Collection: Crime [Shelfmark: 6.314(33)].

  4. 4.

    ‘The Trial And Execution of Henry Schofield, Who Was Executed At Lancaster, On Saturday, the 6th of September, 1817’ [North Shields: Pollock], Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, John Johnson Collection of Printed Ephemera: Crime, Murder and Executions [Shelfmark: Crime 2 (55)].

  5. 5.

    ‘A true and particular Account of the Crime, Trial, and Behaviour, of John Robinson, of Mickleby, Near Whitby, Farmer; Who was Executed at York, on Monday, July 20, 1807, for the cruel and barbarous Murder of Susannah Wilson, his Servant, a in State of Pregnancy’ [Gateshead: Marshall], Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, John Johnson Collection of Printed Ephemera: Crime, Murder and Executions [Shelfmark: Crime 2 (54)].

  6. 6.

    ‘Trial And Sentence Of The Gilmerton Monsters’ [n. pl.: Forbes and Owen], National Library of Scotland, The Word on the Street Collection: Murder [Shelfmark: F.3.a.14(58)].

  7. 7.

    For a more detailed discussion of this case and its significance, see Bates, K. (2014) ‘Empathy or Entertainment? The Form and Function of Violent Crime in Early-Nineteenth-Century Broadsides,’ Law, Crime & History 4 (2): 1–27.

  8. 8.

    ‘The last Dying Speeches of the Eight unfortunate Malefactors who were executed at Lancaster, on Saturday the 12th September, 1801, viz.’ [Newcastle: M. Angus & Son], Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, John Johnson Collection of Printed Ephemera: Crime, Murder and Executions [Shelfmark: Crime 2 (60)].

  9. 9.

    ‘Execution of the Mannings’ [n. pl.: n. pr.], Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, John Johnson Collection of Printed Ephemera: Crime, Murder and Executions [Shelfmark: Crime 2 (5)].

  10. 10.

    ‘Authentic Particulars of The Most Horrible Murder! Of an old Greenwich Pensioner, named Bailey, Stabbed To The Heart By James Ward, another Pensioner’ [London: G. Smeeton], Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, John Johnson Collection of Printed Ephemera: Crime, Murder and Executions [Shelfmark: Harding B 9/2 (130)].

  11. 11.

    ‘Copy of A Letter From Michael McCabe’ [n. pl.: n. pr.], National Library of Scotland, The Word on the Street Collection: Crime [Shelfmark: F.3.a.13(75)].

  12. 12.

    ‘The Execution of George White and Mark Brammah, Who were executed on the New Drop, behind the Castle, at York, on Saturday the 5th of August, 1815, both for Rapes’ [Newcastle: G. Angus], Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, John Johnson Collection of Printed Ephemera: Crime, Murder and Executions [Shelfmark: Crime 2 (100)].

  13. 13.

    ‘The Genuine last Speeches and dying words of Thomas Smith and George Stephenson, Who were Executed at the West End of the Tolbooth of Edinburgh, on Wednesday the 21st of January, 1807, for the Crime of Horse Stealing; contained in Two Letters from them to their Wives, written by their own hands’ [n. pl.: Angus], Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, John Johnson Collection of Printed Ephemera: Crime, Murder and Executions [Shelfmark: Crime 2 (68)].

  14. 14.

    ‘Life, Sufferings, and Death of Janet Fleming’ [n. pl.: n. pr.], National Library of Scotland, The Word on the Street Collection: Crime [Shelfmark: L.C.Fol.74 (369a)].

  15. 15.

    ‘Address, Or Warning to the Young, By the unfortunate Men, now under Sentence of Death, who are to be Executed on Wednesday the 3d of November next, for various crimes, published as a warning to the rising generation, to beware of the first beginnings of evil’ [n. pl.: n.pr.], National Library of Scotland, The Word on the Street Collection: Crime [Shelfmark: L.C.Fol.73(003)].

  16. 16.

    ‘Execution. Account of the Execution of Francis Cain & George Laidlaw, for two different crimes, and who suffered at Glasgow, on Wednesday the 29th October, 1823, with their Behaviour since their condemnation and at the Scaffold’ [Glasgow: W. Carse], National Library of Scotland, The Word on the Street Collection: Executions and Executioners [Shelfmark: L.C.Fol.73(065)].

  17. 17.

    ‘The Trial And Execution of Henry Schofield, Who Was Executed At Lancaster, On Saturday, the 6th of September, 1817’ [North Shields: Pollock], Bodleian Library, John Johnson Collection of Printed Ephemera: Crime, Murder and Executions [Shelfmark: Crime 2 (55)].

  18. 18.

    ‘An Account of the Trial, Sentence, and Execution of Daniel Grimshire, which took place at Reading, in Berkshire, on Thursday, 4th March, 1824, for the Cruel and Inhuman Murder of his own Child, by pouring Boiling Hot Water down its Throat, and whose Body was given for Dissection’ [n. pl.: n. pr.], Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, John Johnson Collection of Printed Ephemera: Crime, Murder and Executions [Shelfmark: Harding B 9/1 (53)].

  19. 19.

    ‘Second Edition. And Gow’s Account To Bailie Haig On The Scaffold. Execution’ [Cowgate: Forbes & Co.], National Library of Scotland, The Word on the Street Collection: Executions and Executioners [Shelfmark: F.3.a.13(69)].

  20. 20.

    ‘Full Particulars of A Most Horrid Murder, Committed by John Daykin on the body of Mary Daykin, his wife, at Lorton Green, Cambridgeshire, on Friday, June the 23rd, 1837’ [Cambridge: C. Moore], Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, John Johnson Collection of Printed Ephemera: Crime, Murder and Executions [Shelfmark: Crime 1 (55)].

  21. 21.

    ‘Horrible Murder. A true account of that horrible murder that was committed at Kilsyth 12 miles from Glasgow on Saturday, 6th April, 1822; when a young man in a cruel manner murdered his own father, by stabbing him in the belly with a large knife’ [n. pl.: n. pr.], National Library of Scotland, The Word on the Street Collection: Murder [Shelfmark: Ry.III.a.2(26)].

  22. 22.

    ‘A Full, True, and Particular Account of Thomas Wilson Who was tried and found guilty at the Assizes, held at Durham, July, 1806, for the Murder of Margaret Barker, at Stockton upon Tees’ [Durham: Walker], Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, John Johnson Collection of Printed Ephemera: Crime, Murder and Executions [Shelfmark: Crime 2 (106)].

  23. 23.

    ‘Some Account of the Melancholy Death of Jane Gilchrist, Who was Killed on Tuesday Morning, Aug. 25, 1812, at the Foot of the Manor-Chare, Newcastle upon Tyne’ [Newcastle: Marshall], Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, John Johnson Collection of Printed Ephemera: Crime, Murder and Executions [Shelfmark: Crime 2 (27)].

  24. 24.

    ‘A true and brief Account of the Life, Character, and Trial of Joseph Moody, Late Midshipman in the Impress Service at Newcastle and Shields, Who was tried at the Old Bailey, on Tuesday, June 7, 1808, for Robbery’ [Gateshead: Marshall], Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, John Johnson Collection of Printed Ephemera: Crime, Murder and Executions [Shelfmark: Crime 2 (20)]. This broadside paraphrases a quote from the 1786 Robert Burns’ poem entitled ‘Address to the Unco Guid’, which translates as ‘the prudent pass through Wisdom’s door, only idiots choose Folly’s portal’.

  25. 25.

    ‘A Full & Particular Account of the Execution Of Robert Tennant, Who was Executed at Stirling on Wednesday morning, the 2d of October, for the bloody Murder of William Peddie, an old man, about 70 years of age, on the high road between Beancross and Kerse toll, parish of Falkirk, on the evening of the 3d of August last, with his Speech upon the scaffold, also a copy of his Lamentation’ [n. pl.: n. pr.], National Library of Scotland, The Word on the Street Collection: Executions and Executioners [Shelfmark: Ry.III.a.2(113)].

  26. 26.

    ‘An account of James Caines, aged 20, and Mark Whiting, aged 24, Who were Executed at Gloucester, April 11, 1825, for the Murder of Isaac Garden or Gordon, of Bitton, in Nov. last’ [Chippenham: R. Alexander], Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, John Johnson Collection of Printed Ephemera: Crime, Murder and Executions [Shelfmark: Crime 1 (34)].

  27. 27.

    ‘A Full Account Of The Murder Of A New Born Female Child, By Its Mother, At Saint Peter’s Quay, Near Newcastle, On Wednesday morning last, March 9, 1831’ [Newcastle: W. Douglas], Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, John Johnson Collection of Printed Ephemera: Crime, Murder and Executions [Shelfmark: Harding B 9/2 (110)].

  28. 28.

    ‘An Account of A Dreadful Case of Murder and Suicide, Which occurred in the City of West Chester, on the Night of Friday, the 19th of February, 1813, where John Hamilton, a Weaver, first murdered his Wife in a most cruel manner, and then cut his own Throat from Ear to Ear’ [n. pl.: G. Angus], Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, John Johnson Collection of Printed Ephemera: Crime, Murder and Executions [Shelfmark: Crime 1 (87)].

  29. 29.

    ‘A Correct Account of the Trial and Sentence of Peter Moffat, for the Murder of his Father, at Kilsyth, on the 2nd April, 1822, and who is to be Executed at Stirling, on Friday the 28th July, 1826’ [n. pl.: n. pr.], National Library of Scotland, The Word on the Street Collection: Murder [Shelfmark: Ry.III.a.2(70)].

  30. 30.

    ‘The Trial and Execution of Susannah Holroyd, Who was Executed at Lancaster, on the 16 of September, 1816, For Poisoning her Husband and several Children’ [York: C. Croshaw], Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, John Johnson Collection of Printed Ephemera: Crime, Murder and Executions [Shelfmark: Crime 1 (94)].

  31. 31.

    ‘Treason & Murder. An Account of the Behaviour and Execution of Margaret Cunningham, alias Mason, for the Murder of her Husband; with Remarks on her Crime’ [Gateshead: Marshall], Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, John Johnson Collection of Printed Ephemera: Crime, Murder and Executions [Shelfmark: Crime 1 (54)].

  32. 32.

    ‘A true Account of the Trial, Confession, last Dying Words, and Execution of Samuel Tucker, Who was Hanged at Salisbury, on Friday, Aug.2, 1811, for the Cruel and Barbarous Murder of his own Wife, at Bradford, in the County of Wilts.’ [Gateshead: Marshall], Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, John Johnson Collection of Printed Ephemera: Crime, Murder and Executions [Shelfmark: Crime 2 (92)].

  33. 33.

    ‘A Murder. An Account of the Cruel and Barbarous Murder of William Todd, Of Hartley, Pitman’ [Newcastle: D. Bass], Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, John Johnson Collection of Printed Ephemera: Crime, Murder and Executions [Shelfmark: Crime 1 (44)].

  34. 34.

    ‘Trial and Execution of James Wilson, At Carlisle, on Monday the 16th March, for the wilful Murder of John Elliot, a poor Pack Boy, on Eastdale Moor, on the 8th day of August, 1834’ [n. pl.: n. pr.], National Library of Scotland, The Word on the Street Collection: Executions and Executioners [Shelfmark: Ry.III.a.2(114)].

  35. 35.

    ‘Lines Supposed To Have Been Written By Mrs Wilson, Daft Jamie’s Mother, On ascertaining the Way and Manner her son had been basely Murdered in the West Port, by William Burke and William Hare’ [n. pl.: n. pr.], National Library of Scotland, The Word on the Street Collection: Murder [Shelfmark: Ry.III.a.6(022)].

  36. 36.

    ‘William Burke’s Murders In The Westport’ and ‘Late Murders. A New Song’ [n. pl.: n. pr.], National Library of Scotland, The Word on the Street Collection: Murder [Shelfmark: Ry.III.a.6(027)].

  37. 37.

    ‘Trials For Rape, &C. D. Dobie, J. Thompson, And D. Bertie, Before The High Court Of Justiciary – July 12 and 14’ [n. pl.: Forbes and Owen], National Library of Scotland, The Word on the Street Collection: Murder [Shelfmark: F.3.a.14(60)].

  38. 38.

    ‘Confessions, Lamentations, & Reflections Of William Burke, late of Portsburgh, who is to be Executed at Edinburgh, on the 28th January, 1829, for Murder, and his body given for Public Dissection’ [n. pl.: n. pr.], National Library of Scotland, The Word on the Street Collection: Murder [Shelfmark: Ry.III.a.6(030)].

  39. 39.

    ‘An account of the Trial and Condemnation of a whole Family, consisting of a Father, Two Sons, and a Son-in-Law, who were all condemned on Wednesday last to be Executed at Lancaster, convicted of having committed numerous Robberies, and become the terror of the surrounding country’ [Glasgow: John Muir], University of Glasgow Library, Special Collection on ‘The History of Crime and Punishment in Britain 1790–1870’ [Shelfmark: Eph G/68].

  40. 40.

    ‘Lamentation of George Gilchrist’ and ‘Execution Second Edition’ [n. pl.: I. Neil & Co.], National Library of Scotland, The Word on the Street Collection: Crime [Shelfmark: Ry.III.a.2(110)].

  41. 41.

    ‘An Account of The Execution of James Lightfoot, Who was executed at Carlisle on Friday the 18th of August, 1820, for the wilful Murder of Thomas Maxwell, in the parish of Camwhitton, on the 19th of May last, by shooting him with a Gun’ [Carlisle: B. Scott], Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, John Johnson Collection of Printed Ephemera: Crime, Murder and Executions [Shelfmark: Crime 1 (115)].

  42. 42.

    ‘The Confession And Execution Of John Stewart And Catherine Stewart, Who were executed at Edinburgh, on Wednesday 19 inst. 1829, for the Murder of Robert Lamont, in December last’ [n. pl.: Kay and Simpson], Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, John Johnson Collection of Printed Ephemera: Crime, Murder and Executions [Shelfmark: Harding B 9/2 (78)].

  43. 43.

    ‘Execution. Account of the Behaviour since his condemnation, and on the Scaffold, of John McCreevie, who was Executed at Glasgow, on Wednesday the 2d of June, 1824, for House-breaking and Theft at Springvale, with a solemn warning to his companions, and those who, like him, are running a course, which leads to an awful death’ [n. pl.: W. Carse], National Library of Scotland, The Word on the Street Collection: Last Words [Shelfmark: L.C.Fol.73(071)].

  44. 44.

    ‘A true Account of the Trial, Confession, last Dying Words, and Execution of Samuel Tucker, Who was Hanged at Salisbury, on Friday, Aug.2, 1811, for the Cruel and Barbarous Murder of his own Wife, at Bradford, in the County of Wilts.’ [Gateshead: Marshall], Bodleian Library, John Johnson Collection of Printed Ephemera: Crime, Murder and Executions [Shelfmark: Crime 2 (92)].

  45. 45.

    ‘Trial and Execution of James Wilson, At Carlisle, on Monday the 16th March, for the wilful Murder of John Elliot, a poor Pack Boy, on Eastdale Moor, on the 8th day of August, 1834’ [n. pl.: n. pr.], National Library of Scotland, The Word on the Street Collection: Executions and Executioners [Shelfmark: Ry.III.a.2(114)].

  46. 46.

    ‘Execution. Account of the Execution of Elizabeth Nicklson, or Shafto, or Jeffrey, who was Executed in front of the Jail, this morning, for the Double Murder; …’ [Glasgow: Muir], National Library of Scotland, The Word on the Street Collection: Executions and Executioners [Shelfmark: L.C.Fol.73(114)].

  47. 47.

    ‘Execution. Account of the Execution of Andrew Stewart and Edward Kelly, who suffered in Glasgow on Wednesday morning, 1st November, 1826, for Street Robbery with an account of their Behaviour in confinement and on the Scaffold’ [Glasgow: W. Carse], National Library of Scotland, The Word on the Street Collection: Executions and Executioners [Shelfmark: L.C.Fol.73(090)].

  48. 48.

    Ibid.

  49. 49.

    ‘Horrid Murder. A Full, True and Particular Account of that most Horrid and Barbarous Murder, committed by James Fraser, a chimney-sweeper, in Blackfriars’ Wynd, this day, on the body of his own Wife, by striking her on the back of the head with a leaden bullet’ [n. pl.: Sanderson], National Library of Scotland, The Word on the Street Collection: Murder [Shelfmark: F.3.a.13(118)].

  50. 50.

    ‘Lines On The Gilmerton Murder’ [Edinburgh: n. pr.], National Library of Scotland, The Word on the Street Collection: Murder [Shelfmark: F.3.a.14(56)].

  51. 51.

    ‘An account of a bloody and barbarous murder which was committed on the body of Jannet Stewart daughter of John Stewart farmer in the parish of Scoon in Perthshire by Duncan McIntyre his servant, who cut her throat from ear to ear she being with child to him, who was apprehended and sent to prison’ [n. pl.: n. pr.], National Library of Scotland, The Word on the Street Collection: Murder [Shelfmark: 6.365(096)].

  52. 52.

    ‘The Trials and Execution of Wm. Walker, Wm. Thompson Alias Lintott, Jas. Ferguson Who Suffered in Front of the Debtors’ Door, at the Old Bailey, on Wednesday Morning, March 30, 1825’ [London: T. Birt], Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, John Johnson Collection of Printed Ephemera: Crime, Murder and Executions [Shelfmark: Harding B 9/1 (58)].

  53. 53.

    ‘Confessions of John Stewart’ [Glasgow: Carmichael & Graham], National Library of Scotland, The Word on the Street Collection: Murder [Shelfmark: L.C.Fol.73(107a)].

  54. 54.

    ‘An Account of A Cruel And Bloody Murder, Committed by James Wood, On the Body of his Wife and Jane Rae, in a fit of Jealousy, In Water-Lane, Liverpool, On Monday last, 11th October, 1824’ [Newcastle: W. Thompson], Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, John Johnson Collection of Printed Ephemera: Crime, Murder and Executions [Shelfmark: Crime 2 (110)].

  55. 55.

    ‘The Particulars of the Shocking Murders of Mrs Hummerstone and Mrs Warner, at Hoddesdon, by Thomas Simmons, on the 20th of October, 1807.’ [n. pl.: Angus], Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, John Johnson Collection of Printed Ephemera: Crime, Murder and Executions [Shelfmark: Crime 2 (58)].

  56. 56.

    ‘Dempster’s Apprehension and Confession’ [n. pl.: n. pr.], National Library of Scotland, The Word on the Street Collection: Murder [Shelfmark: Ry.III.a.2(103)].

  57. 57.

    ‘Execution. Account of the Execution of Elizabeth Nicklson, or Shafto, or Jeffrey, who was Executed in front of the Jail, this morning, for the Double Murder; …’ [Glasgow: Muir], National Library of Scotland, The Word on the Street Collection: Executions and Executioners [Shelfmark: L.C.Fol.73(114)].

  58. 58.

    ‘A Tribute of Regret’ [Lochwinnoch: W. Taylor], National Library of Scotland, The Word on the Street Collection: Murder [Shelfmark: APS.4.82.33].

  59. 59.

    ‘Trial and Sentence of John Smith, William Smith, John Gloucester, and T. Gunner, four Railway labourers for Rapes at Soarside Moor. Westmorland Assizes Aug. 8. 1846’ [n. pl.: John Johnson], Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, John Johnson Collection of Printed Ephemera: Crime, Murder and Executions [Shelfmark: Harding B 9/3 (189)].

  60. 60.

    ‘An Account of the Jury’s Verdict, On the Body of Ann Hutchinson, On Tuesday, Sep. 29, 1829’ [Newcastle: W. Fordyce], Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, John Johnson Collection of Printed Ephemera: Crime, Murder and Executions [Shelfmark: Harding B 9/2 (81)].

  61. 61.

    ‘An Account of the last Moments and Execution Of William Probert, William Sargent, alias Baker, and Harper, for Horse Stealing, and Smith, for Burglary, at Newgate, on Monday, June 20, 1825’ [Gateshead: W. Stephenson], Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, John Johnson Collection of Printed Ephemera: Crime, Murder and Executions [Shelfmark: Harding B 9/1 (59)].

  62. 62.

    ‘Particulars of the Confessions and Execution of James Greenacre, Who was Executed this Morning, at the Old Bailey, for the Wilful Murder of Mrs. Hannah Brown’ [London: Birt], Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, John Johnson Collection of Printed Ephemera: Crime, Murder and Executions [Shelfmark: Harding B 9/3 (150)].

  63. 63.

    ‘Execution Of Thomas Connor And Bell McMenemy, For Robbery and Assault with intent to Murder’ [n. pl.: Edwards], National Library of Scotland, The Word on the Street Collection: Last Words [Shelfmark: L.C.Fol.73(103)].

  64. 64.

    ‘Execution, Confession, and a list of all the Horrid Murders committed by Burke, also the decision of Hare’s Case’ [Edinburgh: Glass], National Library of Scotland, The Word on the Street Collection: Murder [Shelfmark: Ry.III.a.6(028)].

  65. 65.

    ‘A Warning To All Young Lovers Being the Last Dying Speech and Confession of these two unhappy Lovers, John Camaish and Cathrine Kinrade, who were Executed in the Isle of Man on Friday the 13th of April last, for the cruel and inhuman Murder of Mrs Camaish, who was with child at the time’ [Glasgow: John Muir], National Library of Scotland, The Word on the Street Collection: Last Words [Shelfmark: L.C.Fol.73(054)].

  66. 66.

    ‘Execution!’ [n. pl.: Menzies], National Library of Scotland, The Word on the Street Collection: Executions and Executioners [Shelfmark: L.C.Fol.74(359a)].

  67. 67.

    ‘The Dying Speech and Confession of Cashman, the Sailor, Who was executed before the Shop of Mr. Beckwith, Skinner-Street, London, for Rioting’ [York: Carrall], Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, John Johnson Collection of Printed Ephemera: Crime, Murder and Executions [Shelfmark: Harding B 9/1 (29)].

  68. 68.

    ‘Execution of Thistlewood, Ings, Brunt, Tidd, and Davidson, for High Treason, At London, on Monday, May 1, 1820’ [North Shields: Pollock], Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, John Johnson Collection of Printed Ephemera: Crime, Murder and Executions [Shelfmark: Harding B 9/1 (34)].

  69. 69.

    ‘Execution Of James Campbell For Housebreaking & Theft’ [n. pl.: John Muir], Edinburgh, National Library of Scotland, The Word on the Street Collection: Executions and Executioners [Shelfmark: L.C.Fol.73(112)].

  70. 70.

    ‘Riot And Murders’ and ‘S. Byrne & C’ [n. pl.: Forbes and Owen], National Library of Scotland, The Word on the Street Collection: Crime [Shelfmark: Ry.III.a.2(100)].

  71. 71.

    ‘The Trial and Execution of George Matthews for the murder of Daniel Hives at Long Benton, and James Welsh for the murder of Thomas Proud at Newborough’ [n. pl.: n. pr.], Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, John Johnson Collection of Printed Ephemera: Crime, Murder and Executions [Shelfmark: Harding B 9/3 (187)].

  72. 72.

    ‘Execution Of Thomas Connor And Bell McMenemy, For Robbery and Assault with intent to Murder’ [n. pl.: Edwards], National Library of Scotland, The Word on the Street Collection: Last Words [Shelfmark: L.C.Fol.73(103)].

  73. 73.

    ‘An Account of the last Dying Words and Execution of Mrs. Shuttleworth, for the Murder of her Husband, on Friday the 7th of December inst. 1821, at Montross, near Edinburgh’ [n. pl.: n. pr.], National Library of Scotland, The Word on the Street Collection: Last Words [Shelfmark: APS.3.96.15].

  74. 74.

    ‘The Confession and last dying Words of Michael McGuire, John James, for Burglary, at Toxteth Park, near Liverpool; James McLean Boyd, for passing forged Notes, at Liverpool; and Peter Montgomery, alias Hulme, alias Hughes, for putting off forged Notes at Manchester’ [n. pl.: Angus], Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, John Johnson Collection of Printed Ephemera: Crime, Murder and Executions [Shelfmark: Crime 2 (13)].

  75. 75.

    ‘A Full Account of the Trials and Execution of the Four Murderers, Who Were Executed At Lancaster, On Monday, Sep. 8, 1817’ [North Shields: Pollock], Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, John Johnson Collection of Printed Ephemera: Crime, Murder and Executions [Shelfmark: Crime 1 (92)].

  76. 76.

    ‘The Execution of George White and Mark Brammah, Who were executed on the New Drop, behind the Castle, at York, on Saturday the 5th of August, 1815, both for Rapes’ [Newcastle: G. Angus], Bodleian Library, John Johnson Collection of Printed Ephemera: Crime, Murder and Executions [Shelfmark: Crime 2 (100)].

  77. 77.

    ‘An excellent Address by the Judge, when pronouncing the awful Sentence of Death on Thirty-five Men and Seven Women, at Lancaster, on Monday the 21st August, 1826, who were Tried there for being concerned in the late unlawful Riots that took place in that County, when property in Power-looms, &c. was destroyed to a great amount’ [Edinburgh: n. pr.], Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, John Johnson Collection of Printed Ephemera: Crime, Murder and Executions [Shelfmark: Harding B 9/1 (62)].

  78. 78.

    ‘Dreadful Murder, Committed On The Body Of John Watson, Overseer, At Lanchester By Thomas Storey, An Agricultural Labourer, On Monday, the 19th of February, 1838’ [Durham: W. Reed], Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, John Johnson Collection of Printed Ephemera: Crime, Murder and Executions [Shelfmark: Harding B 9/3 (157)].

  79. 79.

    ‘The Last Speech & Dying Words Of That Unfortunate Potatoe Merchant and Mealmonger, Who underwent the awful Sentence of the Law, on Wednesday the 14th January, 1824, and his body hung in chains on the hill of Ballengiech, for the abominable crime of Forstalling the Meal and Potatoe Markets, and thereby raising the price of Provisions’ [Glasgow: John Muir], National Library of Scotland, The Word on the Street Collection: Last Words [Shelfmark: F.3.a.13(103)].

  80. 80.

    ‘Trial And Execution Of Captain W. Moir, For The Murder Of William Malcolm’ [London: J. Catnach], Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, John Johnson Collection of Printed Ephemera: Crime, Murder and Executions [Shelfmark: Harding B 9/2 (97a)].

  81. 81.

    ‘Particulars of the Trial, Sentence, & Confession of Francois B. Courvoisier, Who was Executed at Newgate this Morning, for the Wilful Murder of Lord Wm. Russell; With the Copy of a Letter written to his Father’ [London: T. Birt], Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, John Johnson Collection of Printed Ephemera: Crime, Murder and Executions [Shelfmark: Harding B 9/3 (171)].

  82. 82.

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    Kate Bates

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Bates, K. (2020). ‘A Full and Particular Account’: Representations of Morality and Justice in Broadside Discourse. In: Crime, Broadsides and Social Change, 1800-1850. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59789-2_4

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