Abstract
The plague of fecal incontinence with its associated social and economic encumbrances has fueled a drive over the past few decades to find new innovations in its management. Numerous surgical therapies have been developed and advanced to help ameliorate this problem and improve the quality of life of the patients who suffer from it. Despite these advances, the need for reoperation exceeds 50% of patients who undergo these procedures. Therefore, the colorectal surgeon must have surgical options to restore or improve anal continence after failure of a primary, secondary, or tertiary repair. Indications include obstetric and other iatrogenic trauma, noniatrogenic trauma, imperforate anus and other congenital abnormalities, as well as neurogenic and idiopathic fecal incontinence.
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Seo, C.J., Wexner, S.D., Davila, G.W. (2009). Reoperative Surgery for Anal Incontinence. In: Billingham, R., Kobashi, K., Peters, W. (eds) Reoperative Pelvic Surgery. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/b14187_14
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