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Hot plasmas in space: X-ray diagnostic instrumentation

  • Part II. Observational and Instrumental Methods
  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Plasma Astrophysics

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Physics ((LNP,volume 468))

Abstract

A new era of X-ray astrophysics began when the imaging and spectral data from ROSAT and ASCA became available. The information content of cosmic X-ray plasmas is revealed when these data are combined with powerful plasma diagnostic codes. Plasmas as diverse as stellar coronal regions and cooling flows on massive members of clusters of galaxies begin to reveal their secrets. The next generation of X-ray missions will extend this progress by introducing medium- and high-resolution spectroscopy for routine observations. The present and future missions, their instrumentation and their sensitivities for spectral features are discussed.

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Abbreviations

ACIS:

AXAF CCD Imaging Spectrometer (NASA)

ASCA:

Advanced Satellite For Cosmology and Astrophysics (means “flying bird” Japan)

ASTRO-E:

The fifth in a series of Japanese astronomical satellites

BBXRT:

Broad Band (thin foil) X-ray Telescpe on Space Shuttle Columbia (NASA)

CCD:

Charged Coupled Device

CFA:

Center for Astrophysics

DSRI:

Danish SpaceResearch Institute

EINSTEIN:

The first cosmic X-ray observatory with a grazing incidence telescope (NASA)

EPIC:

European Photon Imaging (CCD) Camera on XMM (Italy, United Kingdom and Germany)

ESA:

Europen Space Agency

EUV:

extreme ultraviolet

EXOSAT:

European X-ray Observatory Satellite (ESA)

FOM:

figure of merit

FPCS:

Focal Plane Crystal Spectrometer on EINSTEIN (NASA)

FWHP:

full width at half power (see HEW)

FWHM:

full width at half maximum

FW90:

full width at 90 percent power

GSFC:

Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA)

GSPC:

gas scintillating proportional counter

HEPC:

High Energy Proportional Counter on SODART (Denmark)

HETGS:

High Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer on AXAF (NASA)

HEW:

Half energy width (see FWHP)

HRC:

High Resolution (channel plate) Camera on AXAF (NASA)

HRMA:

High Resolutiuon Mirror Assembly on AXAF (NASA)

ISAS:

Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (Japan)

JET-X:

Joint European Telescope for X-ray s (United Kingdom, Italy, Germany)

KFRD:

Focal Plane Röntgen Detector on SODART (Russia)

LEPC:

Low Energy Proportional Counter on SODART (Denmark)

LETGS:

Low Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer on AXAF (NASA)

MOS:

metal-oxide semiconductor

MPE:

Max-Planck-Institue für Physik und Astrophysik: Institut für Extraterrestriche Physik

MSGC:

microstrip gas counter

MWPC:

multiwire proportional counter

NASA:

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (USA)

OXS:

Objective Crystal Spectrometer on SODART (Denmark)

PIN:

p-type-intrinsic-n-type semiconductor

PSF:

point spread function

RAP:

rubidium acid pthalate (a crystal on OXS)

RGS:

Reflection grating spectrometer on XMM (Netherlands)

ROSAT:

Röntgen Satellite (Germany)

SAO:

Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory

SAX:

X-ray Astronomical Satellite (Italy)

Si(Li):

lithium drifted silicon

SIXA:

Silicon X-ray Array on SODART (Finland)

SMM:

Solar Maximum Mission (NASA)

SNR:

Supernova remnant

SODART:

Soviet Danish Röntgen Telescope

SRG:

Spectrum Röntgen Gamma (Russia)

SXRP:

Stellar X-ray Polarimeter on SODART (NASA)

TAUVEX:

Tel Aviv University UV Experiment on SODART (Israel)

TGS:

Transmission Grating Spectrometer on AXAF (NASA)

UHURU:

The first X-ray satellite (means “peace” in Kenya) (NASA)

UV:

ultraviolet

XMM:

X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite (ESA)

XUV:

extreme ultraviolet

YOHKOH:

Japanese Solar X-ray Observatory

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Danish Space Research Institute, Gl. Lundtoftevej 7, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark

    Herbert W. Schnopper

  2. Laboratory for High Energy Astrophysics, NASA/GSFC, 20971, Greenbelt, MD, USA

    Herbert W. Schnopper

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  1. Herbert W. Schnopper
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Claudio Chiuderi Giorgio Einaudi

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© 1996 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Schnopper, H.W. (1996). Hot plasmas in space: X-ray diagnostic instrumentation. In: Chiuderi, C., Einaudi, G. (eds) Plasma Astrophysics. Lecture Notes in Physics, vol 468. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0102547

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0102547

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